Evaluation of chondral injuriesby magnetic resonance imaging: Repair assessments

Smith, 1989, A Non-Mathematical Approach to Basic MRI, 141 Potter, 1998, Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in the knee. An evaluation with use of fast-spinecho imaging, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 80, 1276, 10.2106/00004623-199809000-00005 Nishii, 1996, Acetabular labral tears: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging under continuous leg traction, Skeletal Radiol, 25, 349, 10.1007/s002560050094 Nakanishi, 1999, MR evaluation of the articular cartilage of the femoral head during traction. Correlation with resected femoral head, Acta Radiol, 40, 60 Yeh, 1998, Evaluation of articular cartilage thickness of the humeral head and the glenoid fossa by MR arthrography: anatomic correlation in cadavers, Skeletal Radiol, 27, 500, 10.1007/s002560050427 Recht, 1993, Abnormalities of articular cartilage in the knee: Analysis of available MR techniques, Radiology, 187, 473, 10.1148/radiology.187.2.8475293 Disler, 1995, Detection of knee hyaline cartilage defects using fat-suppressed three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging: Comparison with standard MR imaging and correlation with arthroscopy, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 165, 377, 10.2214/ajr.165.2.7618561 Bredella, 1999, Accuracy of T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging with fat saturation in detecting cartilage defects in the knee: Comparison with arthroscopy in 130 patients, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 172, 1073, 10.2214/ajr.172.4.10587150 Kawahara, 1998, Fast spin-echo MR of the articular cartilage in the osteoarthrotic knee. Correlation of MR and arthroscopic findings, Acta Radiol, 39, 120, 10.1080/02841859809172164 Gagliardi, 1994, Detection and staging of chondromalacia patellae: Relative efficacies of conventional MR imaging, MR arthrography, and CT arthrography, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 163, 629, 10.2214/ajr.163.3.8079858 Recht, 1996, Accuracy of fat-suppressed three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo FLASH MR imaging in the detection of patellofemoral articular cartilage abnormalities, Radiology, 198, 209, 10.1148/radiology.198.1.8539380 Disler, 1996, Fat-suppressed threedimensional spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging of hyaline cartilage defects in the knee: Comparison with standard MR imaging and arthroscopy, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 167, 127, 10.2214/ajr.167.1.8659356 Eckstein, 1994, The morphology of articular cartilage assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Reproducibility and anatomical correlation, Surg Radiol Anat, 16, 429, 10.1007/BF01627667 Eckstein, 1996, Magnetic resonance chondrocrassometry (MR CCM): A method for accurate determination of articular cartilage thickness?, Magn Reson Med, 35, 89, 10.1002/mrm.1910350112 Eckstein, 1998, Accuracy of cartilage volume and thickness measurements with magnetic resonance imaging, Clin Orthop, 352, 137, 10.1097/00003086-199807000-00017 Peterfy, 1995, Quantification of the volume of articular cartilage in the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand: Accuracy and precision of three-dimensional MRimaging, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 165, 371, 10.2214/ajr.165.2.7618560 Winalski, 1993, Enhancement of joint fluid with intravenously administered gadopentetate dimeglumine: Technique, rationale, and implications, Radiology, 187, 179, 10.1148/radiology.187.1.8451409 Palmer, 1995, Anterior shoulder instability: Diagnostic criteria determined from prospective analysis of 121 MR arthrograms, Radiology, 197, 819, 10.1148/radiology.197.3.7480762 Flannigan, 1990, MR arthrography of the shoulder: Comparison with conventional MR imaging, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 155, 829, 10.2214/ajr.155.4.2119117 Engel, 1990, Magnetic resonance knee arthrography. Enhanced contrast by gadolinium complex in the rabbit and in humans, Acta Orthop Scand Suppl, 61, 1 Kramer, 1994, Postcontrast MR arthrography in assessment of cartilage lesions, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 18, 218, 10.1097/00004728-199403000-00009 Vahlensieck, 1996, Indirect MR arthrography: Optimization and clinical applications, Radiology, 200, 249, 10.1148/radiology.200.1.8657921 Kramer, 1992, MR contrast arthrography (MRA) in osteochondrosis dissecans, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 16, 254, 10.1097/00004728-199203000-00014 De Smet, 1996, Reassessment of the MR criteria for stability of osteochondritis dissecans in the knee and ankle, Skeletal Radiol, 25, 159, 10.1007/s002560050054 Drape, 1993, Intraarticular diffusion of Gd-DOTA after intravenous injection in the knee: MR imaging evaluation, Radiology, 188, 227, 10.1148/radiology.188.1.8511303 Rubin, 1998, Magnetic resonance imaging of chondral and osteochondral injuries, Top Magn Reson Imaging, 9, 348, 10.1097/00002142-199812000-00004 Hodler, 1992, Knee joint hyaline cartilage defects: A comparative study of MR and anatomic sections, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 16, 597, 10.1097/00004728-199207000-00020 Buckwalter, 1998, Articular cartilage: Degeneration and osteoarthritis, repair, regeneration, and transplantation, Instr Course Lect, 47, 487 Bashir, 1996, Gd-DTPA2- as a measure of cartilage degradation, Magn Reson Med, 36, 665, 10.1002/mrm.1910360504 Bashir, 1997, Glycosaminoglycan in articular cartilage: in vivo assessment with delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MR imaging, Radiology, 205, 551, 10.1148/radiology.205.2.9356644 Bashir, 1999, Nondestructive imaging of human cartilage glycosaminoglycan concentration by MRI, Magn Reson Med, 41, 857, 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199905)41:5<857::AID-MRM1>3.0.CO;2-E van Leersum, 1996, Chondromalacia patellae: An in vitro study. Comparison of MR criteria with histologic and macroscopic findings, Skel Radiology, 25, 727, 10.1007/s002560050169 Mori, 1999, Clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for focal chondral lesions, J Magn Reson Imaging, 17, 1135, 10.1016/S0730-725X(99)00033-8 Mosher, 1999, Magnetic resonance imaging of superficial cartilage lesions: Role of contrast in lesion detection, J Magn Reson Imaging, 10, 178, 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2586(199908)10:2<178::AID-JMRI11>3.0.CO;2-W Link, 1997, Artificially produced cartilage lesions in small joints: Detection with optimized MRI sequences, Magn Reson Imaging, 15, 949, 10.1016/S0730-725X(97)00026-X Gylys-Morin, 1987, Articular cartilage defects: Detectability in cadaver knees with MR, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 148, 1153, 10.2214/ajr.148.6.1153 van Leersum, 1995, Thickness of patellofemoral articular cartilage as measured on MR imaging: Sequence comparison of accuracy, reproducibility, and interobserver variation, Skeletal Radiol, 24, 431, 10.1007/BF00941240 Eckstein, 1996, Determination of knee joint cartilage thickness using three-dimensional magnetic resonance chondro-crassometry (3D MR-CCM), Magn Reson Med, 36, 256, 10.1002/mrm.1910360213 Eckstein, 1998, In vivo reproducibility of three-dimensional cartilage volume and thickness measurements with MR imaging, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 170, 593, 10.2214/ajr.170.3.9490936 Peterfy, 1994, Quantification off articular cartilage in the knee with pulsed saturation transfer subtraction and fat-suppressed MR imaging: Optimization and validation, Radiology, 192, 485, 10.1148/radiology.192.2.8029420 Gold, 1998, Magnetic resonance imaging of knee cartilage repair, Top Magn Reson Imaging, 9, 377, 10.1097/00002142-199812000-00006 Minas, 1999, Advanced techniques in autologous chondrocyte transplantation, Clin Sports Med, 18, 13, 10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70128-9 Schweitzer, 1996, Does altered biornechanics cause marrow edema?, Radiology, 198, 851, 10.1148/radiology.198.3.8628882 Xia, 1994, Diffusion and relaxation mapping of cartilage-bone plugs and excised disks using microscopic magnetic resonance imaging, Magn Reson Med, 31, 273, 10.1002/mrm.1910310306 Burstein, 1993, Diffusion of small solutes in cartilage as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging, J Orthop Res, 11, 465, 10.1002/jor.1100110402 Fischer, 1995, Visualisation of mass transport of small organic molecules and metal ions through articular cartilage by magnetic resonance imaging, Magn Reson Imaging, 13, 819, 10.1016/0730-725X(95)00040-N Trattnig, 1999, MRI visualization of proteoglycan depletion in articular cartilage via intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA, Magn Reson Imaging, 17, 577, 10.1016/S0730-725X(98)00215-X Kim, 1993, Analysis of watermacromolecule proton magnetization transfer in articular cartilage, Magn Reson Med, 29, 211, 10.1002/mrm.1910290209 Wachsmuth, 1997, Can magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging follow proteoglycan depletion in articular cartilage?, MAGMA, 5, 71, 10.1007/BF02592269 Vahlensieck, 1994, Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and MTC-subtraction: Enhancement of cartilage lesions and intracartilaginous degeneration in vitro, Skel Radiol, 23, 535, 10.1007/BF00223085 Erickson, 1993, The “magic angle” effect: background physics and clinical relevance, Radiology, 188, 23, 10.1148/radiology.188.1.7685531 Goodwin, 1998, Micro-imaging of articular cartilage: T2, proton density, and the magic angle effect, Acad Radiol, 5, 790, 10.1016/S1076-6332(98)80264-X Grunder, 1998, MR-microscopic visualization of anisotropic internal cartilage structures using the magic angle technique, Magn Res Med, 39, 376, 10.1002/mrm.1910390307 Henkelman, 1994, Anisotropy of NMR properties of tissues, Magn Reson Med, 32, 592, 10.1002/mrm.1910320508 Wacker, 1998, Orientation-dependent changes in MR signal intensity of articular cartilage: A manifestation of the “magic angle” effect, Skel Radiol, 27, 306, 10.1007/s002560050387 Xia, 1998, Relaxation anisotropy in cartilage by NMR microscopy (muMRI) at 14-microm resolution, Magn Reson Med, 39, 941, 10.1002/mrm.1910390612 Brittberg, 1994, Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation, N Engl J Med, 331, 889, 10.1056/NEJM199410063311401 Minas, 1997, Current concepts in the treatment of articular cartilage defects, Orthopedics, 20, 525, 10.3928/0147-7447-19970601-08