Is there an impatience genotype leading to non-adherence to long-term therapies?
Tóm tắt
In chronic diseases such as diabetes, adherence to therapy aims to preserve health, which is a long-term objective, whereas non-adherence tends to present an immediate ‘reward’. We propose that non-adherence, like addiction, is at least in part due to the fact that, for physiological, and maybe genetic reasons described in a new field, neuroeconomics, a number of people have a taste for the present rather than the future. Thus, for ‘impatient patients’ it is natural not to adhere to therapeutic prescriptions that share the characteristic of being future-oriented. This hypothesis may apply to any disease requiring long-term therapy.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Report WHO (2003) Adherence to long term therapies, evidence for action. World Health Organization Publications, Geneva
Lawrence DB, Ragucci KR, Long LB, Parris BS, Helfer LA (2006) Relationship of oral antihyperglycemic (sulfonylurea or metformin) medication adherence and hemoglobin A1c goal attainment for HMO patients enrolled in a diabetes disease management program. J Manag Care Pharm 12:466–471
Rozenfeld Y, Hunt JS, Plauschinat C, Wong KS (2008) Oral antidiabetic medication adherence and glycemic control in managed care. Am J Manag Care 14:71–75
Ho PM, Rumsfeld JS, Masoudi FA et al (2006) Effect of medication nonadherence on hospitalization and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 166:1836–1841
Lee WC, Balu S, Cobden D, Joshi AV, Pashos CL (2006) Prevalence and economic consequences of medication adherence in diabetes: a systematic literature review. Manag Care Interface 19:31–41
Sokol MC, McGuigan KA, Verbrugge RR, Epstein RS (2005) Impact of medication adherence on hospitalization risk and healthcare cost. Med Care 43:521–530
Briesacher BA, Andrade SE, Fouayzi H, Chan KA (2008) Comparison of drug adherence rates among patients with seven different medical conditions. Pharmacotherapy 28:437–443
Harrold LR, Andrade SE, Briesacher BA et al (2009) Adherence with urate-lowering therapies for the treatment of gout. Arthritis Res Ther 11:R46
Kalenscher T, Pennartz C (2008) Is a bird in the hand worth two in the future? The neuroeconomics of intertemporal decision-making. Prog Neurobiol 84:284–315
Rachlin H, Raineri A, Cross D (1991) Subjective probability and delay. J Exp Anal Behav 55:233–244
Bickel WK, Johnson MW (2003) Delay discounting: a fundamental behavioural process of drug dependence. In: Loewenstein G, Read D, Baumeister RF (eds) Time and decision. Russel Sage Foundation, New York, pp 419–440
Mischel W, Shoda Y, Rodriguez ML (1989) Delay of gratification in children. Science 244:933–938
Elster J, Skog OJ (1999) Getting hooked, rationality and addiction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Johnson MW, Bickel WK, Baker F (2007) Moderate drug use and delay discounting: a comparison of heavy, light, and never smokers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 15:187–194
Mitchell JM, Fields HL, D’Esposito M, Boettiger CA (2005) Impulsive discounting in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:2158–2169
Perry JL, Carroll ME (2008) The role of impulsive behavior in drug abuse. Psychopharmacology 200:1–26
Takahashi T, Oono H, Inoue T et al (2008) Depressive patients are more impulsive and inconsistent in intertemporal choice behavior for monetary gain and loss than healthy subjects—an analysis based on Tsallis’ statistics. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29:351–358
Weller RE, Cook EW III, Aswar KB, Cox JE (2008) Obese women show greater delay discounting than healthy-weight women. Appetite 51:563–569
Bickel WK, Miller ML, Yi R, Kowal BP, Lindquist DM, Pitcock JA (2007) Behavioral and neuroeconomics of drug addiction: competing neural systems and temporal discounting processes. Drug Alcohol Depend 90(Suppl 1):S85–S91
Boettiger CA, Mitchell JM, Tavares VC et al (2007) Immediate reward bias in humans: fronto-parietal networks and a role for the catechol-O-methyltransferase 158val/val genotype. J Neurosci 27:14383–14391
Manuck SB, Flory JD, Ferrell RE, Mann JJ, Muldoon MF (2000) A regulatory polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase-A gene may be associated with variability in aggression, impulsivity, and central nervous system serotonergic responsivity. Psychiatry Res 95:9–23
Shaw P, Wallace GL, Addington A, Evans A, Rapoport J, Giedd JN (2009) Effects of the Val158Met catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism on cortical structure in children and adolescents. Mol Psychiatry 14:348–349
Elster J (1977) Ulysses and the Sirens: a theory of imperfect rationality. Soc Sci Inf 16:469–526
Southam L, Soranzo N, Montgomery SB et al (2009) Is the thrifty genotype hypothesis supported by evidence based on confirmed type 2 diabetes- and obesity-susceptibility variants? Diabetologia 52:1846–1851
Bickel WK, Pitcock JA, Yi R, Angtuaco EJ (2009) Congruence of BOLD response across intertemporal choice conditions: fictive and real money gains and losses. J Neurosci 29:8839–8846
Ainslie G (2001) Breakdown of will. Cambridge University Press, New York
Reynolds B (2006) A review of delay-discounting research with humans: relation to drug use and gambling. Behav Pharmacol 17:661–667
Monterosso J, Ainslie G (2007) The behavioral economics of will in recovery from addiction. Drug Alcohol Depend 90(Suppl 1):S100–S111
Chapman GB, Brewer NT, Coups EJ, Browlee S, Leventhal H, Leventhal EA (2001) Value for the future and preventive health behavior. J Exp Psychol Appl 7:235–250
Solberg LI, Boyle RG, McCarty M, Asche SE, Thoele MJ (2004) Diabetic patients who smoke: are they different? Ann Fam Med 2:26–32
Perros P, Deary IJ, Frier BM (1998) Factors influencing preference of insulin regimen in people with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabet Res Clin Pract 39:23–29
Curtis JR, Xi J, Westfall AO et al (2009) Improving the prediction of medication compliance: the example of bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. Med Care 47:334–341
Ahmed AT, Karter AJ, Liu J (2006) Alcohol consumption is inversely associated with adherence to diabetes self-care behaviours. Diabet Med 23:795–802
Brookhart MA, Patrick AR, Dormuth C et al (2007) Adherence to lipid-lowering therapy and the use of preventive health services: an investigation of the healthy user effect. Am J Epidemiol 166:348–354
Gurmankin Levy A, Micco E, Putt M, Armstong K (2006) Value for the future and breast cancer-preventive health behaviour. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:955–960
Bickel WK, Yi R, Kowal BP, Gatchalian KM (2008) Cigarette smokers discount past and future rewards symmetrically and more than controls: is discounting a measure of impulsivity? Drug Alcohol Depend 96:256–262
Wallace M (1956) Future time perspective in schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychology 52:240–245
Jones BA, Landes RD, Yi R, Bickel WK (2009) Temporal horizon: modulation by smoking status and gender. Drug Alcohol Depend 104(Suppl 1):S87–S93
Karter AJ, Ferrara A, Darbinian JA, Ackerson LM, Selby JV (2000) Self-monitoring of blood glucose: language and financial barriers in a managed care population with diabetes. Diabetes Care 23:477–483
Frederick S (2003) Time preference and personal identity. In: Loewenstein G, Read D, Baumeister RF (eds) Time and decision. Russel Sage Foundation, New York, pp 89–113
Stilley CS, Lawrence K, Bender A, Olshansky E, Webber SA, Dew MA (2006) Maturity and adherence in adolescent and young adult heart recipients. Pediatr Transplant 10:323–330
Giedd JN (2004) Adolescent brain development: vulnerabilities and opportunities. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1021:77–85
Galvan A, Hare TA, Parra CE et al (2006) Earlier development of the accumbens relative to orbitofrontal cortex might underlie risk-taking behavior in adolescents. J Neurosci 26:6885–6892
Wamala S, Merlo J, Bostrom G, Hogstedt C, Agren G (2007) Socioeconomic disadvantage and primary non-adherence with medication in Sweden. Int J Qual Health Care 19:134–140
Keller DL, Wright J, Pace HA (2008) Impact of health literacy on health outcomes in ambulatory care patients: a systematic review. Ann Pharmacother 42:1272–1281
Simpson SH, Eurich DT, Majumdar SR et al (2006) A meta-analysis of the association between adherence to drug therapy and mortality. BMJ 333:15
Kalis A, Mojzisch A, Schweizer TS, Kaiser S (2008) Weakness of will, akrasia, and the neuropsychiatry of decision making: an interdisciplinary perspective. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 8:402–417