The pyramidal lobe: clinical anatomy and its importance in thyroid surgery
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Benninghoff A, Drenckhahn D (2004) Anatomie, Makroskopische Anatomie, Histologie, Embryologie, Zellbiologie. Band 2. Urban&Fischer, München, pp 197–203
Bergmann RA, Thompson SA, Afifi AK (1988) Compendium of human anatomic variations. Urban&Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, Munich, p 175
Bhatnagar K, Nettleton GS, Wagner C (1997) Subisthmic accessory thyroid gland in man: a case report and a review of thyroid anomalies. Clin Anat 10:341–344
Blumberg NA (1981) Observation on the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland. S Afr Med J 59(26):949–950
Else JE (1930) Anatomical variations in the thyroid as a cause of recurrent goiter. Am J Surg 8:92–96
Frick H, Leonhardt H, Starck D (1987) Allgemeine Anatomie. Spezielle Anatomie I Extremitäten – Rumpfwand – Kopf – Hals. Thieme, Stuttgart, New York, pp 778–780
Hollinshead WH (1961) Anatomy for surgeons, vol 2. The head and the neck. Hoeber-Harper, NewYork, pp 517–531
Lanz T, Wachsmuth W (1955) Praktische Anatomie. Band 1, Teil 2. Hals. Springer, Berlin, Göttingen, pp 214–264
Leonhardt H, Tillmann B, Töndury G et al (1987) In: Rauber/Kopsch (eds) Anatomie des Menschen. Band 2. Innere Organe. Thieme, Stuttgart, New York, pp 214–220
Levy HA, Sziklas JJ, Rosenberg RJ et al (1982) Incidence of a pyramidal lobe on thyroid scans. Clin Nucl Med 7:560–561
Lippert H (2000) Lehrbuch Anatomie. Urban&Fischer, München, Jena, pp 585–589
Marshall CF (1895) Variations in the form of the thyroid gland in man. J Anat Physiol 29:234–239
Moore KL, Persaud TVN (1993) The developing human. Clinically oriented embryology. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, pp 200–203
O’Rahilly R, Müller F (1992) Human embryology and teratologie. Wiley-Liss, New York, Chichester, pp 227–230
Otto HD (1994) Teratogenetische und klinische Aspekte bei Mißbildungen des Kopf- und Halsbereiches. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Suppl 1:15–100
Romanes GJ (1981) Cunningham’s textbook of anatomy. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 595–598
Savage PE, Khan O, Grover S et al (1984) The appearance of the pyramidal lobe on thyroid scitigraphy. Nucl Med Commun 5(3):163–168
Siraj QH, Aleem N, Inam-Rehman A et al (1989) The pyramidal lobe: a scintigraphic assessment. Nucl Med Commun 10(9):685–693
Skandalakis JE, Gray SW, Rowe JS jr (1989) Anatomisch bedingte Komplikationen in der Allgemeinchirurgie. Thieme, Stuttgart, New York, pp 10–18
Sobotta J (1915) In: KV Bardeleben`s Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, Band III, 3.Abteilung, 4. Teil, Anatomie der Schilddrüse. Fischer, Jena, pp 165–183
Spencer RP, Scholl RJ, Erbay N (1997) Tc-99 m Pertechnetate thyroid images in hyperthyroidism. Size, distribution and presence of a pyramidal lobe. Clin Nucl Med 22(8):519–522
Starck D (1965) Embryologie. Ein Lehrbuch auf allgemein biologischer Grundlage. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 456–458
Tandler J (1923) Lehrbuch der systematischen Anatomie. Band 2. Die Eingeweide. Verlag von F. C. W. Vogel, Leipzig, pp 78–83
Thews G, Mutschler E, Vompel P (1999) Anatomie Physiologie Pathophysiologie des Menschen. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart, pp 491–496
Wahl R, Müh U, Kallee E (1997) Hyperthyroidism with or without pyramidal lobe. Grave’s disease or disseminated autonomously functioning thyroid tissue? Clin Nucl Med 22(7):451–458