Neurocysticercosis: an update

The Lancet Infectious Diseases - Tập 2 - Trang 751-762 - 2002
Arturo Carpio1
1School of Medicine and Director of the Research Institute, University of Cuenca, Ecuador, and Visiting Professor, G H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Carpio, 1998, Cysticercosis and epilepsy: a critical review, Epilepsia, 39, 1025, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01287.x Sarti, 1992, Prevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans and pigs in a village in Morelos, México, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 46, 677, 10.4269/ajtmh.1992.46.677 Arriagada, 1997 Bittencourt, 1996, Epilepsy in the tropics: I, epidemiology, socioeconomic risk factors, and etiology, Epilepsia, 37, 1121, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb01035.x Carpio, 2002, La neurocisticercosis en el Ecuador: un nuevo paradigma epidemiológico y clínico de la cisticercosis cerebral, 283 Pawlowski, 1994, Taeniasis and cysticercosis, 199 Faust, 1979, Cysticercosis, 529 Lawson, 1983, Hydatidosis and cysticercosis: the dynamics of transmission, 262, 10.1016/S0065-308X(08)60464-9 Gemmell, 1976, Factors regulating tapeworm populations: dispersion of eggs of Taenia hydatigena on pasture, Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 70, 431, 10.1080/00034983.1976.11687142 Pawlowski, 2002, Taenia solium: basic biology and transmission, 1 Schantz, 1998, Immigrants, imaging, and immunoblots: the emergence of neurocysticercosis as a significant public health problem, 213 Goodman, 1999, Case control study of seropositivity for cysticercosis in Cuenca, Ecuador, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 60, 70, 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.70 Garcia, 1997, Clinical significance of neurocysticercosis in endemic villages, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 91, 176, 10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90213-3 Roman, 2000, A proposal to declare neurocysticercosis an international reportable disease, Bull World Health Organ, 78, 399 Preux, 1996, Cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis in Africa: current status, Neurol Infect Epidemiol, 1, 63 Cao, 1997, Risk factors for human cysticercosis morbidity: a population-based case-control study, Epidemiol Infect, 119, 231, 10.1017/S0950268897007619 Singhal, 1995, Neurocysticercosis in India, 31 Kim, 1999, Outcomes of medical treatment of neurocysticercosis: a study of 65 cases in Cheju Island, Korea, Surg Neurol, 52, 563, 10.1016/S0090-3019(99)00158-5 Monteiro, 1995, Spectrum of epilepsy in neurocysticercosis: a long-term follow-up of 143 patients, Acta Neurol Scand, 92, 33, 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb00463.x Evans, 1997, Controversies in the management of cysticercosis, Emerg Infect Dis, 3, 403, 10.3201/eid0303.970324 McCormick, 1985, Cysticercosis: review of 230 patients, Bull Clin Neurosci, 50, 76 Shandera, 1994, Neurocysticercosis in Houston, Texas, Medicine, 73, 37, 10.1097/00005792-199401000-00004 Schantz, 1992, Neurocysticercosis in an orthodox Jewish community in New York City, N Engl J Med, 327, 692, 10.1056/NEJM199209033271004 Briceño, 1961, Cisticercosis: observaciones de 97 casos de autopsia, Prensa Med Mex, 26, 193 Garcia, 1993, Cysticercosis as a major cause of epilepsy in Peru, Lancet, 341, 197, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90064-N Tsang, 1989, An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoproteins antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium), J Infect Dis, 174, 1007 Palacio, 1998, Neurocysticercosis in persons with epilepsy in Medellin, Colombia, Epilepsia, 39, 1334, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01333.x Garcia-Noval, 1996, Epidemiology of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in two rural Guatemalan communities, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 55, 282, 10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.282 Garcia, 2001, Short report: transient antibody response in Taenia solium infection in field conditions: a major contributor to high seroprevalence, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 65, 31, 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.31 Flisser, 1994, Taeniasis and cysticercosis due to Taenia solium, 77 Correa, 1999, Host-parasite immune relationship in Taenia solium taeniosis and cysticercosis, 15 Flisser, 2002, Taenia solium cysticercosis: new revisited immunological aspects, 24 Grogl, 1985, Antigen-antibody analyses in neurocysticercosis, J Parasitol, 71, 433, 10.2307/3281534 Zini, 1990, The relationship of antibody levels to the clinical spectrum of human neurocysticercosis, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 53, 656, 10.1136/jnnp.53.8.656 Cho, 1988, Intracranial synthesis of specific IgG antibody in cerebrospinal fluid of neurocysticercosis patients, Korean J Parasitol, 26, 15, 10.3347/kjp.1988.26.1.15 Ostrosky-Zeichner, 1999, Immunopathogenesis of neurocysticercosis: is damage mediated by the host immune response?, Int J Parasitol, 29, 649 Hautecoeur, 1987, Association d'une cysticercose cerebrale et d'un gliome multifocal discussion des interactions, Rev Neurol (Paris), 143, 844 Agapejev, 1992, Oligodendroglioma cistico e positivadade das reacoes para cisticercose: relato de caso, Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 50, 234, 10.1590/S0004-282X1992000200020 Herrera, 1999, Possible relationship between neurocysticercosis and hematologic malignancies, Arch Med Res, 30, 154, 10.1016/S0188-0128(98)00027-X Barker, 1977, Immunologically privileged sites, 1 Willms, 1997, Taenia solium cysticercosis: host-parasite interactions and the immune response, Chem Immunol, 66, 209, 10.1159/000058663 Rodriguéz-Carbajal, 1983, Neuroradiology of the cysticercosis of the central nervous system, 101 Carpio, 1994, Proposal for a new classification of neurocysticercosis, Can J Neurol Sci, 21, 43, 10.1017/S0317167100048757 Escobar, 1983, The pathology of neurocysticercosis, 27 Pitella, 1997, Brain Pathol, 7, 681, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1997.tb01083.x Zee, 2000, Imaging of neurocysticercosis, Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 10, 391 Arriagada, 1997, Tomografia computada en neurocisticercosis, 161 Dumas, 1997, Parenchymal neurocysticercosis: follow-up and staging by MRI, Neuroradiology, 39, 12, 10.1007/s002340050358 Stepien, 1962, Cerebral cysticercosis in Poland: clinical symptoms and operative results in 132 cases, J Neurosurg, 19, 505, 10.3171/jns.1962.19.6.0505 Cuetter, 2002, Intraventricular neurocysticercosis: 18 consecutive patients and review of the literature, Neurosurg Focus, 12, 1, 10.3171/foc.2002.12.6.6 Apuzzo, 1984, Surgical considerations in treatment of intraventricular cysticercosis: an analysis of 45 cases, J Neurosurg, 60, 400, 10.3171/jns.1984.60.2.0400 Kioumehr, 1995, Postcontrast MRI of cranial meninges: leptomeningitis versus pachymeningitis, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 19, 713, 10.1097/00004728-199509000-00005 Estañol, 1986, A prognostic classification of cerebral cysticercosis: therapeutic implications, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 49, 1131, 10.1136/jnnp.49.10.1131 Sotelo, 1988, A new classification based on active and inactive forms, Arch Intern Med, 148, 442 2000, Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 24–2000, N Engl J Med, 343, 420 White, 2000, Neurocysticercosis, Curr Treat Options Infect Dis, 2, 78 Dixon, 1961, Cysticercosis: an analysis and follow-up of 450 cases. Medical Research Council special report, number 299, 1 Madrazo, 1983, Intraventricular cysticercosis, Neurosurgery, 12, 148, 10.1097/00006123-198302000-00003 Citow, 2002, Imaging feautures and surgery-related outcomes in intraventricular neurocysticercosis, Neurosurg Focus, 12, 1, 10.3171/foc.2002.12.6.7 Alsina, 2002, Spinal neurocysticercosis, Neurosurg Focus, 12, 1, 10.3171/foc.2002.12.6.9 Morales, 2000, Clinical aspects of neurocysticercosis in children, Pediatr Neurol, 22, 287, 10.1016/S0887-8994(99)00158-7 Mitchell, 1985, Intraparenchymal cerebral cysticercosis in children: a benign prognosis, Pediatr Neurol, 1, 151, 10.1016/0887-8994(85)90054-2 Singhi, 2000, Clinical spectrum of 500 children with neurocysticercosis and response to albendazole therapy, J Child Neurol, 15, 207, 10.1177/088307380001500401 Manreza, 2000, Epilepsia e neurocisticerose, 255 Carpio, 1999, Manifestaciones clinicas: cisticercosis cerebral infantil, 107 Carpio, 2002, Neurocysticercosis and epilepsy, 211 Sawhney, 1996, Evaluation of epilepsy management in a developing country: a prospective study of 407 patients, Acta Neurol Scand, 94, 19, 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00033.x Adamolekun, 1994, Relationship between epilepsy and tropical diseases, Epilepsia, 35, 89, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02916.x Pradhan, 2000, Perilesional gliosis and seizure outcome: a study based on magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging in patients with neurocysticercosis, Ann Neurol, 48, 181, 10.1002/1531-8249(200008)48:2<181::AID-ANA7>3.0.CO;2-C Sheth, 1998, Persistent MR contrast enhancement of calcified neurocysticercosis lesions, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 19, 79 Nash, 2001, Calcified cysticerci provoke perilesional edema and seizures, Clin Infect Dis, 33, 1649, 10.1086/323670 Gupta, 1999, Magnetisation transfer magnetic resonance imaging demonstration of perilesional gliosis: relation with epilepsy in treated or healed neurocysticercosis, Lancet, 354, 44, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)00881-8 Antoniuk, 2001, Seizures associated with calcifications and edema in neurocysticercosis, Pediatr Neurol, 25, 309, 10.1016/S0887-8994(01)00324-1 Medina, 1990, Neurocysticercosis as the main cause of late-onset epilepsy in Mexico, Arch Intern Med, 150, 325, 10.1001/archinte.1990.00390140065014 Del Brutto, 1992, Epilepsy due to neurocysticercosis: analysis of 203 patients, Neurology, 42, 389, 10.1212/WNL.42.2.389 Hauser, 1990, Epilepsy: frequency, causes and consequences, 197 Carpio, 2001, Perfil de la epilepsia en el Ecuador, Rev Ecuat Neurol, 10, 20 Carpio, 2002, Neurophysiological aspects of neurocysticercosis, Adv Clin Neurophysiol, 54, 490 Monteiro, 1999, Relationship between cysticercosis and epilepsy, Epilepsia, 40, 1464, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02023.x Sakamoto, 1999, Cysticercosis and epilepsy, 275 Leite, 2000, Calcified neurocysticercosis lesions and postsurgery seizure control seizure control on temporal lobe epilepsy, Neurology, 55, 1485, 10.1212/WNL.55.10.1485 Garg, 2000, Single-enhancing lesions in Indian patients with seizures: a review, Epilepsy Res, 38, 91, 10.1016/S0920-1211(99)00092-3 Rajshekhar, 2001, Rate of spontaneous resolution of a solitary cysticercus granuloma in patients with seizures, Neurology, 57, 2315, 10.1212/WNL.57.12.2315 Singh, 2000, Focal cortical-subcortical calcifications (FCSCs) and epilepsy in the Indian subcontinent, Epilepsia, 41, 718, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00234.x Chopra, 1992, Vanishing CT lesions in epilepsy, J Neurol Sci, 107, 40, 10.1016/0022-510X(92)90207-2 Rajshekhar, 1997, Validation of diagnostic criteria for solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma in patients presenting with seizures, Acta Neurol Scand, 96, 76, 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00243.x Murthy, 1998, Prognosis of epilepsy associated with single CT enhancing lesion: a long term follow-up, J Neurol Sci, 159, 151, 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00156-7 Padma, 1994, Albendazole in single CT ring lesions in epilepsy, Neurology, 44, 1344, 10.1212/WNL.44.7.1344 Carpio, 1992, Definition of contemporary surgical management in cisternal and parenchymatous cysticercosis cerebri, Neurosurgery, 30, 968 White, 1999, Recent developments in the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of neurocysticercosis, Curr Infect Dis Rep, 1, 434, 10.1007/s11908-999-0055-x Bittencourt, 1990, Clinical, radiological and cerebrospinal fluid presentation of neurocysticercosis: a prospective study, Arq Neuro-Psiquiatr (Sao Paulo), 48, 286, 10.1590/S0004-282X1990000300004 Cukiert, 1994, Congruence of the topography of intracraneal calcifications and epileptic foci, Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 52, 289, 10.1590/S0004-282X1994000300001 Sakamoto, 1999, Cysticercosis and epilepsy, 275 Del Brutto, 2001, Proposed diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis, Neurology, 57, 177, 10.1212/WNL.57.2.177 Carpio, 1998, Proposal of diagnostic criteria for human cysticercosis and NC, J Neurol Sci, 161, 185 Garg, 2002, Proposed diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis, Neurology, 58, 1315, 10.1212/WNL.58.8.1315 Bueno, 2000, Neurocysticercosis: detection of IgG, IgA and IgE antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid, serum and saliva samples by ELISA with Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps antigens, Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 58, 18, 10.1590/S0004-282X2000000100003 Wilkins, 2002, Taenia solium cysticercosis: immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis and taeniasis, 619 Ramos-Kuri, 1992, Immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis: disappointing performance of serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in an unbiased sample of neurological patients, Arch Neurol, 49, 633, 10.1001/archneur.1992.00530300069012 Schantz, 1994, Community-based epidemiological investigations of cysticercosis due to Taenia solium: comparison of serological screening tests and clinical findings in two populations in Mexico, Clin Infect Dis, 18, 879, 10.1093/clinids/18.6.879 Wilson, 1991, Clinical evaluation of the cysticercosis enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot in patients with neurocysticercosis, J Infect Dis, 164, 1007, 10.1093/infdis/164.5.1007 Garcia, 1997, Serological evolution of neurocysticercosis patients after antiparasitic therapy, J Infect Dis, 175, 486, 10.1093/infdis/175.2.486 Correa, 1999, Antigens and antibodies in sera from human cases of epilepsy or taeniasis from an area of Mexico where Taenia solium cysticercosis is endemic, Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 93, 69, 10.1080/00034983.1999.11813396 Correa, 1989, Human neurocysticercosis: comparison of enzyme immunoassay capture techniques based on monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the detection of parasite products in cerebrospinal fluid, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 83, 814, 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90340-4 Garcia, 1998, A specific antigen-detection ELISA for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 92, 411, 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)91069-0 Meri, 2002, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis, 666 Allan, 1996, Epidemiology of intestinal taeniasis in four rural, Guatemalan communities, Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 90, 157, 10.1080/00034983.1996.11813039 Carpio A, Hauser WA. Prognosis for seizure recurrence in patients with neurocysticercosis. Neurology (in press). Robles, 1979, Presentación de un caso clínico de cisticercosis cerebral tratado médicamente con un nuevo fármaco: praziquantel, Salud Pública Mex, 21, 603 Xiao, 1986, Albendazole treatment in cerebral cysticercosis, Chin J Int Med, 25, 100 Pal, 2000, Neurocysticercosis and epilepsy, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 68, 137, 10.1136/jnnp.68.2.137 Salinas, 2000 Wadley, 2000, Experience with neurocysticercosis in the UK: correct diagnosis and neurosurgical management of the small enhancing brain lesion, Br J Neurosurg, 14, 211, 10.1080/026886900408388 Kramer, 1995, Medical treatment of cysticercosis ineffective, Arch Neurol, 52, 101, 10.1001/archneur.1995.00540250109020 Caplan, 1997, How to manage patients with neurocysticercosis, Eur Neurol, 37, 124, 10.1159/000117423 Singhal, 2002, Controversies in the drug treatment of neurocysticercosis, 713 Baranwal, 1998, Albendazole therapy in children with focal seizures and single small enhancing computerized tomographic lesions: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 17, 696, 10.1097/00006454-199808000-00007 Carpio, 1995, Is the course of neurocysticercosis modified by treatment with antihelminthic agents?, Arch Intern Med, 155, 1982, 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430180088010 Padma, 1995, Albendazole in neurocysticercosis, Natl Med J India, 8, 255 Garcia, 2002, Current consensus guidelines for treatment of neurocysticercosis, Clin Microbiol Rev, 15, 747, 10.1128/CMR.15.4.747-756.2002 1990, Committee to Advise the Public Health Service on Clinical Practice Guidelines, Institute of Medicine Estañol, 1997, How to manage patients with neurocysticercosis. Medical treatment of cerebral cysticercosis, Eur Neurol, 37, 125 Ferreira, 2001, Childhood epilepsy due to neurocysticercosis: a comparative study, Epilepsia, 42, 1438, 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.11101.x Evans, 2002, Taenia solium vaccination: present status and future prospects, 810 Lightowlers, 2000, Vaccination against cysticercosis and hydatid disease, Parasitol Today, 16, 191, 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01633-6