Techniques for transformation of biogas to biomethane

Jönsson O, Polman E, Jensen JK, Eklund R, Schyl H, Ivarsson S. Sustainable Gas enters the European Gas Distribution System. In: Jönsson, editor. World Gas Conference; June 1-5, 2003; Tokyo. Oslo, Norway: International Gas Union; 2003. p. 9. Persson, 2003 Wellinger A, Lindberg A. Biogas Upgrading and Utilisation. [Internet] IEA Bioenergy Task 24: Energy From Biological Conversion of Organic Waste; 2005 [cited January 2011]. Available from: http://www.biogasmax.eu/media/biogas_upgrading_and_utilisation__018031200_1011_24042007.pdf. Wheless E, Pierce J. Siloxanes in Landfill and Digester Gas Update. [Internet] Whittier (Canada) and Long Beach (California): Los Angeles Country Sanitation Districts and SCS Energy; 2004 [cited January 2011]. Available from: http://www.scsengineers.com/Papers/Pierce_2004Siloxanes_Update_Paper.pdf. Hagen, 2001 Persson, 2006, Biogas upgrading upgrading to vehicle fuel standards and grid injection, IEA Bioenergy Krich K, Augenstein A, Batmale J, Benemann J, Rutledge B, Salour D. Upgrading Dairy Biogas to Biomethane and Other Fuels. In: Andrews K., Editor. Biomethane from Dairy Waste - A Sourcebook for the Production and Use of Renewable Natural Gas in California. California: Clear Concepts; 2005. p. 47–69. Rutledge, 2005 Schomaker, 2000 Jönsson, 2004 Horikawa, 2004, Chemical absorption of H2S for biogas purification, Braz J Chem Eng, 21, 415, 10.1590/S0104-66322004000300006 Dewil, 2006, Energy use of biogas hampered by the presence of siloxanes, Energy Conv Managem, 47, 1711, 10.1016/j.enconman.2005.10.016 Schweigkofler, 2001, Removal of siloxanes in biogases, J Hazard Mater, B83, 183, 10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00318-6 Hagmann, 2001, Purification of biogas – removal of volatile silicones, vol. II, 641 Ajhar, 2006, Siloxane removal with gas permeation membranes, Desalination, 200, 234, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.308 Bourque H. Use of liquefied biogas in transport sector. [Internet] Conférence sur les crédits CO2 et la valorisation du biogaz; 2006 Avril 20. [cited January 2011] Available from: www.apcas.qc.ca. Enggas [Internet]. Gilbertsville: Engineered Gas Systems Worldwide, Inc.; c2003 [cited November 2007]. Available from: http://www.enggas.com. Gomes, 2001, Coalseam methane recovery by vacuum swing adsorption, Separ Purif Techn, 24, 189, 10.1016/S1383-5866(00)00228-8 Welink, 2004 Kim, 2004, Novel fixed-site-carrier polyvinylamine membrane for carbon dioxide capture, J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys, 42, 4326, 10.1002/polb.20282 Roks MFM, Luning L, Coops O. Feasibility of applying new membrane for processing landfill gas to natural gas quality at low pressure (8 bar). [Haalbaarheid toepassing nieuw membraan voor opwerking stortgas naar aardgaskwaliteit bij lage druk (8 bar)] Nederland: Aquilo Gas Separation bv; 1997. 57 p. Report. Guha, 1992, Gas separation Modes in a hollow fiber contained liquid membrane permeator, Ind Eng Chem Res, 31, 593, 10.1021/ie00002a022 Esteves, 2002, Simulation of a new hybrid membrane/pressure swing adsorption process for gas separation, Desalination, 148, 275, 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00713-0 Strevett, 1995, Chemo-autotrophic biogas purification for methane enrichment: mechanism and kinetics, Chem Eng J Biochem Eng J, 58, 71, 10.1016/0923-0467(95)06095-2 Persson, 2003 Tynell, 2005