Barazangi, 1982, Velocities and propagation characteristics of Pn and Sn beneath the Himalayan arc and Tibetan plateau: possible evidence for underthrusting of Indian continental lithosphere beneath Tibet, Geology, 10, 179, 10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<179:VAPCOP>2.0.CO;2
Hirn, 1984, Lhasa block and bordering sutures — a continuation of a 500-km Moho traverse through, Nature, 307, 25, 10.1038/307025a0
Le Pichon, 1992, Kinematics, topography, shortening, and extrusion in the India–Eurasia collision, Tectonics, 11, 1085, 10.1029/92TC01566
Nelson, 1996, Partially molten middle crust beneath southern Tibet: synthesis of project INDEPTH results, Science, 274, 1684, 10.1126/science.274.5293.1684
Molnar, 1978, Active tectonics of Tibet, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5361, 10.1029/JB083iB11p05361
Tapponnier, 1981, Mesozoic ophiolites, sutures, and large-scale tectonic movements in Afghanistan, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 52, 355, 10.1016/0012-821X(81)90189-8
Armijo, 1986, Quaternary extension in Southern Tibet: field observations and tectonic implications, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13803, 10.1029/JB091iB14p13803
Armijo, 1989, Late Cenozoic right lateral strike-slip faulting in southern Tibet, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2787, 10.1029/JB094iB03p02787
Peltzer, 1988, Formation and evolution of strike slip faults, rifts, and basins during the India–Asia collision: an experimental approach, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15,085, 10.1029/JB093iB12p15085
Avouac, 1993, Kinematic model of active deformation in central-Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 895, 10.1029/93GL00128
Fielding, 1994, How flat is Tibet?, Geology, 22, 163, 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0163:HFIT>2.3.CO;2
England, 1997, Active deformation of Asia: from kinematics to dynamics, Science, 278, 647, 10.1126/science.278.5338.647
England, 1997, The field of crustal velocity in Asia calculated from Quaternary rates of slip on faults, Geophys. J. Int., 130, 551, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb01853.x
Houseman, 1996, A lithospheric-thickening model for the Indo-Asian collision, 3
Bird, 1991, Lateral extrusion of lower crust from under high topography, in the isostatic limit, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10,275, 10.1029/91JB00370
Royden, 1997, Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet, Science, 276, 788, 10.1126/science.276.5313.788
Clark, 2000, Topographic ooze: building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow, Geology, 28, 703, 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<703:TOBTEM>2.0.CO;2
Beaumont, 2001, Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity channel coupled to focused surface denudation, Nature, 414, 738, 10.1038/414738a
Tapponnier, 1982, Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: new insights from simple experiments with plasticine, Geology, 10, 611, 10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<611:PETIAN>2.0.CO;2
Tapponnier, 2001, Asymmetric, stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau, Science, 294, 1671, 10.1126/science.105978
Peltzer, 1996, Present-day kinematics of Asia derived from geologic fault rates, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 27,943, 10.1029/96JB02698
McClusky, 2000, Global positioning system constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5695, 10.1029/1996JB900351
Vergnes, 2002, Seismic evidence for stepwise thickening of the crust across the NE Tibetan Plateau, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 203, 25, 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00853-1
Wittlinger, 2004, Teleseismic imaging of subducting lithosphere and Moho offsets beneath western Tibet, Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 221, 117, 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00723-4
Wittlinger, 1998, Tomographic evidence for localized lithospheric shear along the Altyn Tagh Fault, Science, 282, 74, 10.1126/science.282.5386.74
Wright, 2004, InSAR observations of low slip rates on the major faults of western Tibet, Science, 304, 236, 10.1126/science.1096388
Bendick, 2000, Geodetic evidence for a slip rate in the Altyn Tagh fault system, Nature, 404, 69, 10.1038/35003555
Chen, 2000, GSA measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intracontinental deformation, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 16215, 10.1029/2000JB900092
Shen, 2000, Contemporary crustal deformation in East Asia constrained by Global Positioning System measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5721, 10.1029/1999JB900391
Banerjee, 2002, Convergence across the northwest Himalayas from GPS measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/2002GL015184
Jade, 2004, GPS measurements from the Ladakh Himalayas, India: preliminary tests of plate-like or continuous deformation in Tibet, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 116, 1385, 10.1130/B25357.1
Meriaux, 2004, Rapid slip along the central Altyn Tagh Fault: morphochronologic evidence from Cherchen He and Sulamu Tagh, J. Geophys. Res., 109, 10.1029/2003JB002558
Chevalier, 2005, Slip-rape measurements on the Karakorum fault may imply secular variations in fault motion, Science, 307, 411, 10.1126/science.1105466
Peltzer, 1989, Magnitude of Late Quaternary left-lateral displacements along the north edge of Tibet, Science, 246, 1285, 10.1126/science.246.4935.1285
Ge, 1992, Active Altyn Fault Zone
Searle, 1998, Transpressional tectonics along the Karakoram fault zone, northern Ladakh: constraints on Tibetan extrusion, vol. 135, 307
Brown, 2002, Slip rates of the Karakorum fault, Ladakh, India, determined using cosmic ray exposure dating of debris flows and moraines, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2000JB000100
Gabrielov, 1990, Block model of earthquake sequence, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 61, 18, 10.1016/0031-9201(90)90091-B
Soloviev, 2003, Models of dynamics of block-and-fault systems, 71
Panza, 1997, Numerical modeling of block-structure dynamics: application to the Vrancea region, Pure Appl. Geophys., 149, 313, 10.1007/s000240050028
Soloviev, 1999, Modeling of block–structure dynamics: parametric study for Vrancea, Pure Appl. Geophys., 156, 395, 10.1007/s000240050305
Ismail-Zadeh, 1999, Numerical modeling of earthquake flow in the south-eastern Carpathians (Vrancea): effect of a sinking slab, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 111, 267, 10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00166-6
Stein, 1999, The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence, Nature, 402, 605, 10.1038/45144
Utsu, 1954, A relation between the area of aftershock region and the energy of main shock, J. Seismol. Soc. Jpn., 7, 233
Replumaz, 2003, Reconstruction of the deformed collision zone between Indian and Asia by backward motion of lithospheric blocks, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 10.1029/2001JB000661
Tapponnier, 1977, Active faulting and tectonics in China, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2905, 10.1029/JB082i020p02905
Tapponnier, 1979, Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tien Shan, Mongolie, and Baikal regions, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 3425, 10.1029/JB084iB07p03425
Le Dain, 1984, Active faults and tectonics of Burma and surrounding regions, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 453, 10.1029/JB089iB01p00453
Gaudemer, 1995, Partitioning of crustal slip between linked, active faults in the eastern Qilian Shan, and evidence for a major seismic gap, the “Tianzhu gap”, on the western Haiyuan Fault, Gansu (China), Geophys. J. Int., 120, 599, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb01842.x
Van Der Woerd, 1998, Holocene left-slip rate determined by cosmogenic surface dating on the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun fault (Qinghai, China), Geology, 26, 695, 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0695:HLSRDB>2.3.CO;2
Van Der Woerd, 2000, Uniform slip-rate along the Kunlun Fault: implications for seismic behaviour and large-scale tectonics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2353, 10.1029/1999GL011292
Lasserre, 1999, Postglacial left slip rate and past occurrence of M>=8 earthquakes on the western Haiyuan fault, Gansu, China, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17,633, 10.1029/1998JB900082
Yin, 2000, Mode of Cenozoic east–west extension in Tibet suggesting a common origin of rifts in Asia during the Indo-Asian collision, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 21,745, 10.1029/2000JB900168
Meyer, 1998, Mechanisms of active crustal thickening in Gansu–Qinghai, and oblique, strike-slip controlled, northeastward growth of the Tibet Plateau, Geophys. J. Int., 133, 1, 10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00567.x
McCaffrey, 1998, Role of oblique convergence in the active deformation of the Himalayas and southern Tibet plateau, Geology, 26, 691, 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0691:ROOCIT>2.3.CO;2
Hauck, 1998, Crustal structure of the Himalayan orogen at ∼90° east longitude from Project INDEPTH deep reflection profiles, Tectonics, 17, 481, 10.1029/98TC01314
Alsdorf, 1998, Crustal deformation of the Lhasa terrane, Tibet plateau, from Project INDEPTH deep seismic reflection profiles, Tectonics, 17, 501, 10.1029/98TC01315
Mazek, 1994, Rift flank uplift in Tibet: evidences for a viscous lower crust, Tectonics, 13, 659, 10.1029/94TC00452
Bilham, 1997, GPS measurements of present-day convergence across the Nepal Himalayas, Nature, 386, 61, 10.1038/386061a0
Abdrakhmatov, 1996, Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPS measurements of present day crustal deformation rate, Nature, 384, 450, 10.1038/384450a0
Wang, 2001, Present-day crustal deformation in China constrained by Global Positioning System measurements, Science, 294, 574, 10.1126/science.1063647
Burchfiel, 2004, New technology; new geological challenges, GSA Today, 14, 4, 10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<4:PANNGC>2.0.CO;2
Allegre, 1995, Scaling organization of fracture tectonics (SOFT) and earthquake mechanism, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 92, 215, 10.1016/0031-9201(95)03033-0
Wells, 1994, New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84, 974
Hudson, 2000, The effect of fluid pressure on wave speeds in a cracked solid, Geophys. J. Int., 143, 302, 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2000.01239.x
Tod, 2002, The effects of stress and fluid pressure on the anisotropy of interconnected cracks, Geophys. J. Int., 149, 149, 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01626.x
Chopra, 1984, The role of water in the deformation of dunite, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7861, 10.1029/JB089iB09p07861
Shapiro, 2004, Thinning and flow of Tibetan crust constrained by seismic anisotropy, Science, 305, 233, 10.1126/science.1098276
Ozacar, 2004, Crustal seismic anisotropy in central Tibet: implications for deformational style and flow in the crust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 10.1029/2004GL021096
Press, 1995, Pattern of seismic release in the southern California region, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6421, 10.1029/95JB00316