Generation of antigen-presenting cells from tumor-infiltrated CD11b myeloid cells with DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine

Coussens LM, Werb Z (2002) Inflammation and cancer. Nature 420(6917):860–867

Balkwill F, Charles KA, Mantovani A (2005) Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer Cell 7(3):211–217

Murdoch C, Muthana M, Coffelt SB (2008) The role of myeloid cells in the promotion of tumour angiogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 8(8):618–631

Yang L, DeBusk L, Fukuda K et al (2004) Expansion of myeloid immune suppressor Gr+ CD11b+ cells in tumor-bearing host directly promotes tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Cell 6(4):409–421

Grunewald M, Avraham I, Dor Y et al (2006) VEGF-induced adult neovascularization: recruitment, retention, and role of accessory cells. Cell 124(1):175–189

Ahn GO, Brown JM (2008) Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is required for tumor vasculogenesis but not for angiogenesis: role of bone marrow-derived myelomonocytic cells. Cancer Cell 13(3):193–205

Kaplan RN, Riba RD, Zacharoulis S et al (2005) VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche. Nature 438(7069):820–827

Hiratsuka S, Watanabe A, Aburatani H, Maru Y (2007) Tumour-mediated upregulation of chemoattractants and recruitment of myeloid cells predetermines lung metastases. Nat Cell Biol 8(12):1369–1375

Saio M, Radoja S, Marino M, Frey AB (2001) Tumor-infiltrating macrophages induce apoptosis in activated CD8(+) T cells by a mechanism requiring cell contact and mediated by both the cell-associated form of TNF and nitric oxide. J Immunol 167(10):5583–5593

Rodriguez PC, Quiceno DG, Zabaleta J et al (2004) Arginase I production in the tumor microenvironment by mature myeloid cells inhibits T-cell receptor expression and antigen-specific T-cell responses. Cancer Res 64(16):5839–5849

Kusmartsev S, Gabrilovich D (2005) STAT1 signaling regulates tumor-associated macrophage-mediated T cell deletion. J Immunol 174(8):4880–4891

Yu H, Kortylewski M, Pardoll D (2007) Crosstalk between cancer and immune cells: role of STAT3 in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol 7(1):41–51

Eruslanov E, Kaliberov S, Daurkin I et al (2009) Altered expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in tumor-infiltrated CD11b myeloid cells: a mechanism for immune evasion in cancer. J Immunol 182(12):7548–7557

Zhang B, Bowerman NB, Salama JK et al (2007) Induced sensitization of tumor stroma leads to eradication of established cancer by T cells. J Exp Med 204(1):49–55

Talmadge J, Donkor M, Scholar E (2007) Inflammatory cell infiltration of tumors: Jekyll or Hyde. Cancer Metastasis Rev 26(3–4):373–400

Kusmartsev S, Gabrilovich D (2006) Role of immature myeloid cells in mechanisms of immune evasion in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 55(3):237–245

Sica A, Bronte V (2007) Altered macrophage differentiation and immune dysfunction in tumor development. J Clin Invest 117(5):1155–1166

Nefedova Y, Huang M, Kusmartsev S et al (2004) Hyperactivation of STAT3 is involved in abnormal differentiation of dendritic cells in cancer. J Immunol 172(1):464–474

Gabrilovich D, Chen HL, Girgis KR et al (1996) Production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human tumors inhibits the functional maturation of dendritic cells. Nat Med 2(10):1096–1103

Sombroek CC, Stam AGM, Masterson AJ et al (2002) Prostanoids play a major role in the primary tumor-induced inhibition of dendritic cell differentiation. J Immunol 168(9):4333–4343

Sharma S, Stolina M, Yang SC et al (2003) Tumor cyclooxygenase 2-dependent suppression of dendritic cell function. Clin Cancer Res 9:961–968

Talmadge J, Hood K, Zobel L, Shafer L, Coles M, Toth B (2007) Chemoprevention by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition reduces immature myeloid suppressor cell expansion. Int Immunopharmacol 7(2):140–151

Sinha P, Clements VK, Fulton AM, Ostrand-Rosenberg S (2007) Prostaglandin E2 promotes tumor progression by inducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Res 67(9):4507–4513

Cheng P, Corzo C, Luetteke N et al (2008) Inhibition of dendritic cell differentiation and accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer is regulated by S100A9 protein. J Exp Med 205(10):2235–2249

Stresemann C, Lyko F (2008) Modes of action of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitors azacytidine and decitabine. Int J Cancer 123(1):8–13

Mantovani A, Schioppa T, Porta C, Allavena P, Antonio Sica A (2006) Role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression and invasion. Cancer Metastasis Rev 25(3):315–322

Biswas SK, Gangi L, Paul S et al (2005) A distinct and unique transcriptional program expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (defective NF-kappaB and enhanced IRF-3/STAT1 activation). Blood 107(5):2112–2122

Wang D, Dubois RN (2006) Prostaglandins and cancer. Gut 55(1):115–122

Tai HH, Cho H, Tong M, Ding Y (2006) NAD+-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase: structure and biological functions. Curr Pharm Des 12(8):955–962

Kusmartsev S, Gabrilovich D (2002) Immature myeloid cells and cancer-associated immune suppression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 51(2):293–298

Sinha P, Clements VK, Miller S, Ostrand-Rosenberg S (2005) Tumor immunity: a balancing act between T cell activation, macrophage activation and tumor-induced immune suppression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 54(11):1137–1142

Fu YX, Watson GA, Kasahara M, Lopez DM (1991) The role of tumor-derived cytokines on the immune system of mice bearing a mammary adenocarcinoma. I. Induction of regulatory macrophages in normal mice by the in vivo administration of rGM-CSF. J Immunol 146(2):783–789

Young MRI, Wright MA, Matthews JP, Malik I, Prechel M (1996) Suppression of T cell proliferation by tumor-induced granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells producing transforming growth factor-β and nitric oxide. J Immunol 156(5):1916–1921

Bronte V, Chappell DB, Apolloni E et al (1999) Unopposed production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by tumors inhibits CD8+ T cell responses by dysregulating antigen-presenting cell maturation. J Immunol 162(10):5728–5737

Kusmartsev S, Li Y, Chen SH (2000) Gr-1+ myeloid cells derived from tumor-bearing mice inhibit primary T cell activation induced through CD3/CD28 co-stimulation. J Immunol 165(2):779–785

Gabrilovich D, Velders MP, Sotomayor EM, Kast WM (2001) Mechanism of immune dysfunction in cancer mediated by immature Gr-1+ myeloid cells. J Immunol 166(9):5398–5406

Melani C, Chiodoni C, Forni G, Colombo MP (2003) Myeloid cell expansion elicited by the progression of spontaneous mammary carcinomas in c-erbB-2 transgenic BALB/c mice suppresses immune reactivity. Blood 102(6):2138–2145

Liu Y, Van Ginderachter J, Brys L, De Baetselier P, Raes G, Geldhof A (2003) Nitric oxide-independent CTL suppression during tumor progression: association with arginase-producing (M2) myeloid cells. J Immunol 170(10):5064–5074

Rodriguez PC, Hernandez CP, David Quiceno D et al (2005) Arginase I in myeloid suppressor cells is induced by COX-2 in lung carcinoma. J Exp Med 202(7):931–939

Setiadi AF, Omilusik K, David MD et al (2008) Epigenetic enhancement of antigen processing and presentation promotes immune recognition of tumors. Cancer Res 68(7):9601–9607

Villagra A, Cheng F, Wang HW et al (2008) The histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates the expression of interleukin 10 and immune tolerance. Nat Immunol 10(1):92–100

Chang YC, Chen TC, Lee CT et al (2008) Epigenetic control of MHC class II expression in tumor-associated macrophages by decoy receptor 3. Blood 111(10):5054–5063

Guo ZS, Hong JA, Irvine KR et al (2006) De novo induction of a cancer/testis antigen by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine augments adoptive immunotherapy in a murine tumor model. Cancer Res 66(2):1105–1113

Fonsatti E, Nicolay HJ, Sigalotti L et al (2007) Functional up-regulation of human leukocyte antigen class I antigens expression by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine in cutaneous melanoma: immunotherapeutic implications. Clin Cancer Res 13(11):3333–3338

Kozar K, Kamiński R, Switaj T et al (2003) Interleukin 12-based immunotherapy improves the antitumor effectiveness of a low-dose 5-Aza-2′-deoxycitidine treatment in L1210 leukemia and B16F10 melanoma models in mice. Clin Cancer Res 9(8):3124–3133

Preynat-Seauve O, Schuler P, Contassot E, Beermann F, Huard B, French LE (2006) Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells able to activate T cells and mediate tumor rejection. J Immunol 176(1):61–67