Hepatitis in pregnancy

CDC, 1996, Ten leading nationally notifiable infectious diseases—United States, 1995, MMWR, 45, 883 Zhang, 1991, Survey of 34 pregnant women with hepatitis A and their neonates, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 10, 299 CDC, 1990, Public health burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among adults: Standards for adult immunization practice, MMWR, 39, 725 Beasley, 1981, Hepatocellular carcinoma and HBV: A prospective study of 22,707 men in Taiwan, Lancet, 2, 1129, 10.1016/S0140-6736(81)90585-7 Grosheide, 1994, Early invasive prenatal diagnosis in HBsAg-positive women, Prenat Diagn, 14, 553, 10.1002/pd.1970140707 Ko, 1994, Amniocentesis in mothers who are hepatitis B virus carriers does not expose the infant to an increased risk of hepatitis B virus infection, Arch Gynecol Obstet, 255, 25, 10.1007/BF02390671 US Department of Labor, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1987, Joint Advisory Notice: Protection against exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Federal Register, 52, 41818 Stevens, 1975, Vertical transmission of hepatitis B antigen, N Engl J Med, 292, 771, 10.1056/NEJM197504102921503 Beasley, 1982, Incidence of hepatitis B virus infections in preschool children in Taiwan, J Infect Dis, 146, 198, 10.1093/infdis/146.2.198 Beasley, 1977, e antigen and vertical transmission of hepatitis B antigen, Am J Epidemiol, 105, 94, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112370 CDC, 1991, Hepatitis B virus: A comprehensive strategy for eliminating transmission in the United States through universal childhood vaccination-recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP), MMWR, 40, 1 CDC, 1995, Update: Recommendations to prevent Hepatitis B virus transmission—United States, MMWR, 44, 574 Mahony, 1993, Vertical transmission of viral hepatitis, Transf Med Rev, 7, 112, 10.1016/S0887-7963(93)70130-3 Stevens, 1994, In utero and perinatal transmission of hepatitis viruses, Pediatr Ann, 23, 152, 10.3928/0090-4481-19940301-08 Kuo, 1989, An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis, Science, 244, 362, 10.1126/science.2496467 Nishioka, 1991, A high prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan, Cancer, 67, 429, 10.1002/1097-0142(19910115)67:2<429::AID-CNCR2820670218>3.0.CO;2-# Alter, 1991, Inapparent transmission of hepatitis C: Footprints in the sand, Hepatology, 14, 389, 10.1002/hep.1840140228 Daikos, 1994, Hepatitis C virus infection in a sexually active inner city population. The potential for heterosexual transmission, Infection, 22, 72, 10.1007/BF01739007 Eyster, 1990, Cotransmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from men with hemophilia to their sexual partners, Blood, 76, 398a Coltorti, 1994, Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus infection in the household contacts of patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease, Infection, 22, 183, 10.1007/BF01716699 McFarlane, 1990, Hepatitis C virus antibodies in chronic active hepatitis: Pathogenic factor or false-positive result, Lancet, 335, 754, 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90870-B Bohman, 1992, Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus antibody in pregnant women, Obstet Gynecol, 80, 609 Silverman, 1993, Hepatitis C virus in pregnancy: Seroprevalence and risk factors for infection, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 169, 583, 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90627-U Leikin, 1994, Epidemiologic predictors of hepatitis C virus infection in pregnant women, Obstet Gynecol, 84, 529 Floreani, 1996, Hepatitis C virus infection in pregnancy, Br J Obstet Gynecol, 103, 325, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09736.x Medhat, 1993, Acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy, Int J Gynecol Obstet, 40, 25, 10.1016/0020-7292(93)90768-R Pipan, 1996, Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus in low-risk pregnant women, Eur J Clinic Microbiol Infect Dis, 15, 116, 10.1007/BF01591483 Fischler, 1996, Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus infection, Scand J Infect Dis, 28, 353, 10.3109/00365549609037918 Sabatino, 1996, Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus: An epidemiological study on 2980 pregnant women in Italy, Eur J Epidemiol, 12, 443, 10.1007/BF00143994 Resti, 1995, Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus, Acta Pediatr, 84, 251, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13624.x Matsubara, 1995, Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus: A prospective study, Eur J Pediatr, 154, 973, 10.1007/BF01958640 Ohto, 1994, Transmission of hepatitis C virus from mothers to infants. The Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Collaborative Study Group, N Engl J Med, 330, 744, 10.1056/NEJM199403173301103 Paccagnini, 1995, Perinatal transmission and manifestation of hepatitis C virus infection in a high risk population, Ped Infect Dis J, 14, 195, 10.1097/00006454-199503000-00005 Zucotti, 1995, Effect of hepatitis C genotype on mother-to-infant transmission of virus, J Pediatr, 127, 278, 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70309-8 Kudo, 1997, Analysis of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus: Quasispecies nature and buoyant densities of maternal virus populations, J Med Virol, 51, 225, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199703)51:3<225::AID-JMV14>3.0.CO;2-J Tsega, 1993, Hepatitis E virus infection in pregnancy in Ethiopia, Ethiop Med J, 31, 173 Dilwari, 1994, Hepatitis E virus: Epidemiological, clinical and serological studies of north Indian epidemic, Indian J Gastoenterol, 13, 44 Bernai, 1995, Seroepidemiological study of hepatitis E virus in different population groups, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 14, 954, 10.1007/BF01691376 Hamid, 1996, Fulminant hepatic failure in pregnant women: Acute fatty liver or acute viral hepatitis, J Hepatol, 25, 20, 10.1016/S0168-8278(96)80323-0 Khuroo, 1995, Vertical transmission of hepatitis E virus, Lancet, 345, 1025, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90761-0 Schlauder, 1995, Molecular and serologic analysis in the transmission of the GB hepatitis agent, J Med Virol, 46, 81, 10.1002/jmv.1890460117 Zanetti, 1997, GBV-C/HGV: A new human hepatitis-related virus, Res Virol, 148, 119, 10.1016/S0923-2516(97)89895-0 Aikawa, 1996, Hepatitis G infection in drug abusers with chronic hepatitis C, N Engl J Med, 334, 195, 10.1056/NEJM199601183340316 Tsuda, 1996, Infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) in patients with chronic liver disease or on maintenance hemodialysis in Indonesia, J Med Virol, 49, 248, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199607)49:3<248::AID-JMV15>3.0.CO;2-8 Yoshiba, 1995, Detection of the GBV-C hepatitis virus genome in serum from patients with fulminant hepatitis of unknown aetiology, Lancet, 346, 1131, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91802-7 Feucht, 1996, Vertical transmission of hepatitis G, Lancet, 347, 615, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91309-4 Alexander, 1987, Loss of HBsAg with interferon therapy in chronic Hepatitis B virus infection, Lancet, 2, 66, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92735-8 Perrillo, 1990, A randomized, controlled trial of interferon alfa-2b alone and after prednisone withdrawal for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, N Engl J Med, 323, 295, 10.1056/NEJM199008023230503 Wong, 1993, Effect of alfa-interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e-antigen positive chronic hepatitis B: A meta-analysis, Ann Intern Med, 119, 312, 10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00011 Hoofnagle, 1997, The treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, N Engl J Med, 336, 347, 10.1056/NEJM199701303360507