Significant historical developments in thermal methods for measuring sap flow in trees

Baker, 1989, An analysis of the steady-state heat balance method for measuring sap flow in plants, Agric. For. Meteorol., 48, 93, 10.1016/0168-1923(89)90009-9 Baker, 1987, Measurement of mass flow of water in the stems of herbaceous plants, Plant, Cell Environ., 10, 777, 10.1111/1365-3040.ep11604765 Baumgartner, 1967, Energetic bases for differential vaporization from forest and agricultural lands, 381 Bloodworth, 1955, A thermoelectric method for determining the rate of water movement in plants, 19, 411 Booker, 1979, Radial variation of longitudinal permeability over a tree cross-section for a number of conifers Brix, 1962, The effect of water stress on the rates of photosynthesis and respiration in tomato plants and loblolly pine seedlings, Physiol. Plant., 15, 10, 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb07982.x Brown, 1949, 652 Čermák, 1973, A new method of sap flow rate determination in trees, Biol. Plant. (Praha), 15, 171, 10.1007/BF02922390 Čermák, 1976, Improvement of the method of sap flow rate determination in full-grown trees based on heat balance with direct electric heating of xylem, Biol. Plant. (Praha), 18, 105, 10.1007/BF02923147 Čermák, 1980 Čermák, 1982, Sap flow rate and transpiration dynamics in the full-grown oak (Quercus robus L.) in floodplain forest exposed to seasonal floods as related to potential evapotranspiration and tree dimensions, Biol. Plant. (Praha), 24, 446, 10.1007/BF02880444 Čermák, 1992, Radial velocity profiles of water flow in trunks of Norway spruce and oak and the response of spruce to severing, Tree Physiol., 10, 367, 10.1093/treephys/10.4.367 Cienciala, 1992, Assessment of transpiration estimates for Picea abies trees during a growing season, Trees, 6, 121, 10.1007/BF00202427 Closs, 1958, The heat pulse method for measuring sap flow in a plant stem, N. Z. J. Sci., 1, 281 Cohen, 1987, Changes in hydraulic conductance of citrus trees following a reduction in wetted soil volume, Plant, Cell Environ., 10, 53, 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1987.tb02079.x Colman, 1953, Vegetation and watershed management, 412 Cown, 1978, Comparison of annual ring density profiles in hardwoods and softwoods by X-ray densitometry, Can. J. For. Res., 8, 442, 10.1139/x78-065 Crafts, 1968, Water deficits and physiological processes, 85 Daum, 1967, A method for determining water transport in trees, Ecology, 48, 425, 10.2307/1932677 Dixon, 1937, The convection of heat and materials in the stem of a tree, 21, 269 Doley, 1967, Water relations of Eucalyptus marginata Sm. under natural conditions, J. Ecol., 55, 597, 10.2307/2258412 Dye, 1991, The influence of growth rings in Pinus patula on heat pulse velocity and sap flow measurement, J. Exp. Bot., 42, 867, 10.1093/jxb/42.7.867 Edwards, 1980, Flow of water in trees, 226 Esau, 1977, Anatomy of seed plants, 555 Goodell, 1967, Streamflow volumes and hydrographs by fluorescent dyes, Volume I, 325 Granier, 1985, Une nouvelle méthode pour la mesure du flux de sève brute dans le tronc des arbres, Ann. Sci. For., 42, 81, 10.1051/forest:19850204 Granier, 1987, Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements, Tree Physiol., 3, 309, 10.1093/treephys/3.4.309 Groot, 1992, The physical environment of tree seedlings on forest clearings, 194 Groot, 1992, Measurement of sap flow by the heat balance method: numerical analysis and application to coniferous seedlings, Agric. For. Meteorol., 59, 289, 10.1016/0168-1923(92)90098-O Hinckley, 1978, Temporal and spatial variation in the water status of forest trees, For. Sci. Monogr., 20, 72 Huber, 1932, Beobachtung und Messung pflanzlicher Saftstrome, Dtsch. Bot. Ges. Ber., 50, 89, 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1932.tb00039.x Huber, 1936, Weitere thermoelektrische ntersuchungen ber den Transpirationsstrom der Bume, 87, 369 Huber, 1937, Eine Kompensationmethode zur thermoelektrischen Messung langsamer Saftstroeme, Dtsch. Bot. Ges. Ber., 55, 514, 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1937.tb01282.x Ittner, 1968, Der Tagesgang der Geschwindigkeit des Transpirationsstromes im Stam einer 75-jaehrigen Fichte, Oecol. Plant., 3, 177 Kramer, 1962, The role of water in tree growth, 171 Kramer, 1979, Physiology of woody plants, 811 Kozlowski, 1963, Patterns of water movement in forest trees, Bot. Gaz., 124, 301, 10.1086/336210 Larcher, 1975, Physiological Plant Ecology, 252 Leyton, 1967, Problems and techniques in measuring transpiration from trees, 101 Leyton, 1970, Problems and techniques in measuring transpiration from trees, 101 Marshall, 1958, Measurement of sap flow in conifers by heat transport, Plant Physiol., 33, 385, 10.1104/pp.33.6.385 Miller, 1980, Measurement of sap flow and transpiration in ring-porous oaks using a heat pulse velocity technique, For. Sci., 26, 485, 10.1093/forestscience/26.3.485 Monteith, 1965, Evaporation and environment, 19, 205 Olbrich, 1991, The verification of the heat pulse velocity technique for estimating sap flow in Eucalyptus grandis, Can. J. For. Res., 21, 836, 10.1139/x91-117 Østrem, 1964, A method of measuring water discharge in turbulent streams, Geogr. Bull., 21, 21 Panshin, 1970, 705 Phillip, 1966, Plant water relations: some physical aspects, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 17, 245, 10.1146/annurev.pp.17.060166.001333 Puritch, 1975, Effect of water stress on the rate of non-suberized impervious tissue formation following wounding in Abies grandis, J. Exp. Bot., 26, 903, 10.1093/jxb/26.6.903 Redshaw, 1970, A thermal method for estimating continuously the rate of flow of sap through an intact plant, Z. Pflanzenphysiol. Bd., 62, 405 Running, 1984, Documentation and preliminary validation of H2OTRANS and DAYTRANS, two models for predicting transpiration and water stress in western coniferous forests, 45 Sakuratani, 1981, A heat balance method for measuring water flux in the stem of intact plants, J. Agric. Meteorol., 37, 9, 10.2480/agrmet.37.9 Salisbury, 1978, Plant Physiol, 436 Schulze, 1985, Canopy transpiration and water fluxes in the xylem of the trunk of Larix and Picea trees — a comparison of xylem flow, porometer and cuvette measurements, Oecologia (Berlin), 66, 475, 10.1007/BF00379337 Slatyer, 1967, Plant-Water Relationships, 366 Stewart, 1967, Excretion and heartwood formation in living trees, Science, 153, 1068, 10.1126/science.153.3740.1068 Swanson, 1962, An instrument for detecting sap movement in woody plants, 16 Swanson, 1967, Seasonal course of transpiration of lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce, 417 Swanson, 1970, Sampling for direct transpiration estimates, J. Hydrol. (NZ), 9, 72 Swanson, 1972, Water transpired by trees is indicated by heat pulse velocity, Agric. Meteorol., 10, 277, 10.1016/0002-1571(72)90032-5 Swanson, 1974, Velocity distribution patterns in ascending xylem sap during transpiration, 1425 Swanson, 1975, Improving evapotranspiration estimates from forests, 77 Swanson, 1983, Numerical and experimental analysis of implanted-probe heat pulse velocity theory, 298 Swanson, 1981, A numerical analysis of heat pulse velocity theory and practice, J. Exp. Bot., 32, 221, 10.1093/jxb/32.1.221 Van den Honert, 1948, Water transport in plants as a catenary process, Discuss. Farady Soc., 3, 146, 10.1039/df9480300146 Venard, 1957, Elementary fluid mechanics, 401 Vieweg, 1960, Thermoelektrische Registrierung der Geschwindigkeit des Transpirationsstromes I, Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges., 73, 221, 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1960.tb02182.x Waring, 1979, Estimating water flux through stems of Scots pine with tritiated water and phosphorus-32, J. Exp. Bot., 116, 459, 10.1093/jxb/30.3.459 Waring, 1978, Sapwood water storage: its contribution to transpiration and effect upon water conductance through the stems of old-growth Douglas-fir, Plant, Cell Environ., 1, 131, 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1978.tb00754.x Whitehead, 1981, Coniferous forests and plantations, 49 Yamaoka, 1990, Inoculation of lodgepole pine with four blue-stain fungi associated with mountain beetle, monitored by a heat pulse velocity (HPV) instrument, Can. J. For. Res., 20, 31, 10.1139/x90-005 Zimmerman, 1971, Trees structure and function, 336