Late Holocene fishing strategies in southern Africa as seen from Likoaeng, highland Lesotho

Alexander, 1838 Arthington, 1999 Arthington, 2003, Environmental flow requirements of fish in Lesotho rivers using the drift methodology, River Res. Appl., 19, 641, 10.1002/rra.728 Baird, 1978, The length/mass relationship and condition of Labeo capensis in the Caledon River, J. Limnol. Soc. S. Afr., 4, 53 Barrow, 1801 Butler, 1993, Natural versus cultural salmonid remains: origin of the Dalles Roadcut bones, Columbia River, Oregon, U.S.A, J. Archaeol. Sci., 20, 1, 10.1006/jasc.1993.1001 Butler, 1998, Do digestive processes leave diagnostic traces on fish bones?, J. Archaeol. Sci., 25, 957, 10.1006/jasc.1997.0725 Bruton, 1978, The habitats and habitat preferences of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) in a clear coastal lake (Lake Sibaya, South Africa), J. Limnol. Soc. S. Afr., 2, 81 Cambray, 1985, Observations on spawning of Labeo capensis and Clarias gariepinus in the regulated lower Orange River, South Africa, S. Afr. J. Sci., 81, 318 Carter, 1970, Late Stone Age exploitation patterns in southern Natal, S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull., 25, 55, 10.2307/3887948 Carter, P.L., 1974. Melikane site notebook. Unpublished manuscript, University of Cambridge. Carter, 1978 Carter, 1988 Challis, 2008, Fishing in the rain: control of rain-making and aquatic resources at a previously undescribed rock art site in highland Lesotho, J. Afr. Archaeol., 6, 203, 10.3213/1612-1651-10111 Colley, 1990, The analysis and interpretation of archaeological fish remains, Adv. Archaeol. Method Theory, 2, 207 Esterhuysen, A.B., Mitchell, P.J., in press. Charcoals. In: Mitchell, P.J., Plug, I., Bailey, G.N. (Eds.), People of the Fish: The Archaeology of a Later Stone Age Hunter-Gatherer Campsite at Likoaeng, Lesotho Highlands, Southern Africa. Oxford University School of Archaeology, Oxford. Farquharson, 1980, Appendix 5: fish remains, Ann. Natal Mus., 24, 68 Gifford-Gonzalez, 1999, Human activities and site formation at modern lake margin foraging camps in Kenya, J. Anthro. Archaeol., 18, 397, 10.1006/jaar.1999.0337 Grayson, 1984 Hall, 1988, Settlement and subsistence developments during the later stone age in the lower fish River Basin, eastern Cape, Palaeoecol. Afr., 19, 221 Hobart, 2003, An old fashioned approach to a modern hobby: fishing in the Lesotho Highlands, 44 Jousse, 2008, Late Holocene economic specialisation through aquatic resource exploitation at Kobadi in the Méma, Mali, Int. J. Osteoarchaeol., 18, 549, 10.1002/oa.956 Leach, 2000, Pre-European catches of snapper (Pagrus auratus) in northern New Zealand, J. Archaeol. Sci., 27, 509, 10.1006/jasc.1999.0474 Mazel, 1989, People making history: the last ten thousand years of hunter-gatherer communities in the Thukela Basin, Natal Mus. J. Humanities, 1, 1 Mitchell, 1996, Filling a gap: the early and middle Holocene assemblages from new excavations at Sehonghong Rock Shelter, Lesotho, South. Afr. Field Archaeol., 5, 17, 10.2307/3888928 Mitchell, 1996, Sehonghong: the late Holocene assemblages with pottery, S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull., 51, 17, 10.2307/3888928 Mitchell, 2002 Mitchell, 2009, The flaked stone artefact assemblages from Likoaeng: a late Holocene sequence in highland Lesotho and its regional context, South. Afr. Humanities, 21, 117 Mitchell, 2006, Spatial patterning and site-occupation at Likoaeng, an open-air hunter-gatherer campsite in the Lesotho Highlands, southern Africa, Archaeol. Pap. Am. Anthropol. Assoc., 16, 81, 10.1525/ap3a.2006.16.1.81 Mitchell, P.J., Plug, I., Bailey, G.N., Woodborne, S., 2008. Bringing the Kalahari debate to the mountains: late first millennium AD hunter-gatherer/farmer interaction in highland Lesotho. Before Farming (online version) 2008/2 article 4. Morales, 1979 Nthimo, 2000 Parker, A.G., Lee-Thorp, J.A., Mitchell, P.J., in press. Late Holocene neoglacial conditions from the Lesotho highlands, southern Africa: phytolith and stable carbon isotope evidence from the archaeological site of Likoaeng. Proc. Geol. Assoc. 121. Parkington, 1977, Soaqua: hunter-fisher-gatherers of the Olifants River Valley, Western Cape, S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull., 32, 150, 10.2307/3888661 Plug, 2005, Osteomorphological differences between some skeletal elements of Labeobarbus kimberleyensis, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeo capensis (Pisces: Cyprinidae), Ann. Transvaal Mus., 42, 5 Plug, 2008, Fish bone sizes as estimators of standard lengths of three freshwater species, with application to archaeological samples: a preliminary investigation, S. Afr. J. Sci., 104, 71 Plug, I., in press. The fishes and fishers of Likoaeng. In: Mitchell, P.J., Plug, I., Bailey, G.N. (Eds.), People of the Fish: The Archaeology of a Later Stone Age Hunter-Gatherer Campsite at Likoaeng, Lesotho Highlands, Southern Africa. Oxford University School of Archaeology, Oxford. Plug, 2008, Fishing in the Lesotho highlands: 26,000 years of fish exploitation, with special reference to Sehonghong Shelter, J. Afr. Archaeol., 6, 33, 10.3213/1612-1651-10102 Plug, 2003, Animal remains from Likoaeng, an open-air river site, and its place in the post-classic Wilton of Lesotho and the eastern Free State, South Africa, S. Afr. J. Sci., 99, 143 Plug, 1990, MNI counts as estimates of species abundance, S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull., 45, 53, 10.2307/3887918 Pöllath, 2008, Archaeobiodiversity of ichthyofaunas from the Holocene Sahel, 57 Prendergast, 2010, Middle Holocene fishing strategies in East Africa: zooarchaeological analysis of Pundo, a Kansyore shell midden in northern Nyanza (Kenya), Int. J. Osteoarchaeol., 20, 88, 10.1002/oa.1014 Shortt-Smith, 1963, Basutoland, 55 Showers, 1989, Soil erosion in the kingdom of Lesotho: origins and colonial response, 1830s–1950s, J. S. Afr. Stud., 15, 263, 10.1080/03057078908708200 Skelton, 2001 Skelton, 1981, The freshwater fishes of the middle and lower Orange River, Koedoe, 24, 51, 10.4102/koedoe.v24i1.618 Skinner, 2005 Smits, 1967, Fishing scenes from Botsabelo, Lesotho, S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull., 22, 60, 10.2307/3888087 Smits, 1973, Rock painting sites in the Upper Senqu valley, Lesotho, S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull., 28, 32, 10.2307/3888706 Stewart, 1994, Early hominid utilisation of fish resources and implications for seasonality and behaviour, J. Hum. Evol., 27, 229, 10.1006/jhev.1994.1044 Stewart, 1994, An ethnoarchaeological contribution to identifying hominid fish processing sites, J. Arch. Sci., 21, 237, 10.1006/jasc.1994.1024 Stow, 1905 Tomasson, 1983 Tomasson, 1984, Reproductive biology of four larger riverine fishes (Cyprinidae) in a man-made lake, Orange River, South Africa, Hydrobiologia, 112, 179, 10.1007/BF00008084 Van Neer, 2004, Evolution of prehistoric fishing in the Nile Valley, J. Afr. Archaeol., 2, 251, 10.3213/1612-1651-10030 Van Neer, 2008, Fishing in the Senegal River during the Iron Age: the evidence from the habitation mounds of Cubalel and Siouré, 117 Van Neer, 1992, “Fish middens”: anthropogenic accumulations of fish remains and their bearing on archaeoicthyological analysis, J. Arch. Sci., 19, 683, 10.1016/0305-4403(92)90038-5 Vinnicombe, 2009, Basotho oral traditions: the last Bushman inhabitants of the Mashai district, Lesotho, 165 Wadley, 1987 Wheeler, 1989 Zohar, 2001, Fish processing during the early Holocene: a taphonomic case study from coastal Israel, J. Archaeol. Sci., 28, 1041, 10.1006/jasc.2000.0630