Development of shape and lattice preferred orientations: application to the seismic anisotropy of the lower crust

Aleksandrov, 1974, Velocities of elastic waves in minerals at atmospheric pressure and increasing precision of elastic constants by means of EVM (in Russian), Izv. Acad. Sci. URSS, Geol. Ser., 15 Arzi, 1978, Critical phenomena in the rheology of partially melted rocks, Tectonophysics, 44, 173, 10.1016/0040-1951(78)90069-0 AvéLallemant, 1978, Experimental deformation of diopside and websterite, Tectonophysics, 48, 1, 10.1016/0040-1951(78)90083-5 Behrmann, 1987, Deformation mechanisms in a high temperature quartz-feldspar mylonite; evidence for superplastic flow in the lower continental crust, Tectonophysics, 140, 297, 10.1016/0040-1951(87)90236-8 Benn, K. & Allard, B. In press. Preferred mineral orientations related to magnetic flow in ophiolite layered gabbros. J. Petrol. Benn, 1988, Mantle-crust transition zone and origin of wehrlitic magmas: evidence from the Oman ophiolite, Tectonophysics, 151, 75, 10.1016/0040-1951(88)90241-7 Biermann, 1983, Defect structures in naturally deformed clinoamphibole, 95, 267 Blacic, 1975, Plastic deformation mechanisms in quartz: the effect of water, Tectonophysics, 27, 271, 10.1016/0040-1951(75)90021-9 Blumenfeld, 1983, Le “tuilage des mégacristaux”, un critère d'écoulement rotationnel pour les fluidalités des roches magmatiques: application au granite de Barbey-Séroux (Vosges, France), Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., 25, 309, 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.3.309 Blumenfeld, 1988, Shear criteria in granite and migmatite deformed in the magmatic and solid states, J. Struct. Geol., 10, 361, 10.1016/0191-8141(88)90014-4 Blundell, 1986, Modeling lower crust reflections observed on BIRPS profiles, 13, 287 Bouchez, 1977, Plastic deformation of quartzites at low temperature in an area of natural strain gradient, Tectonophysics, 39, 25, 10.1016/0040-1951(77)90086-5 Bouchez, 1982, The fabric of polycrystalline ice deformed in simple shear-experiments in torsion, natural deformation and geometrical interpretation, Textures Microstruct., 5, 171, 10.1155/TSM.5.171 Bouchez, 1981, Structures d'écoulement liées à la mise en place du granite de Guérande (Loire-Atlantique, France), Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., 23, 387, 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXIII.4.387 Bouchez, 1983, Fabric asymmetry and shear sense in movement zones, Geol. Rdsch., 72, 401, 10.1007/BF01822075 Boudier, 1978 Boullier, 1975, Sp-mylonites: origin of some mylonites by superplastic flow, Contr. Miner. Petrol., 502, 93, 10.1007/BF00373329 Bunge, 1982 Burri, 1967 Carter, 1970, High temperature flow of dunite and peridotite, Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 81, 2181, 10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[2181:HTFODA]2.0.CO;2 Christensen, 1975, Constitution of the lower crust based on experimental studies of seismic velocities in granulite, Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 86, 227, 10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<227:COTLCC>2.0.CO;2 Crampin, 1984, An introduction to wave propagation in anisotropic media, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 76, 17, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb05018.x Daley, 1979, Reflection and transmission coefficients for seismic waves in ellipsoidally anisotropic media, Geophysics, 44, 27, 10.1190/1.1440920 Dennis, 1984, Oxygen self-diffusion in quartz under hydrothermal conditions, J. geophys. Res., 89, 4047, 10.1029/JB089iB06p04047 Den Tex, 1969, Origin of ultramatic rocks, their tectonic setting and history, Tectonophysics, 7, 457, 10.1016/0040-1951(69)90016-X Dollinger, 1975, Deformation mechanisms in experimentally and naturally deformed amphiboles, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 26, 409, 10.1016/0012-821X(75)90016-3 Doukhan, 1986, Défauts de réseau et plasticité cristalline dans les pyroxénes: une revue, Bull. Minéral., 109, 377, 10.3406/bulmi.1986.7947 Duffield, 1968, The petrology and structure of the El Pinal tonalite, Baja California, Mexico, Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 79, 1351, 10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1351:TPASOT]2.0.CO;2 Etchecopar, 1987, A 3-D kinematic model of fabric development in polycrystalline aggregates: comparisons with experimental and natural examples, J. Struct. Geol., 9, 705, 10.1016/0191-8141(87)90154-4 Fernandez, 1983, Theoretical and experimental study of fabrics developed by different shaped markers in two-dimensional simple shear, Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., 25, 319, 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.3.319 Finlayson, 1984, P-wave velocity features of the lithosphere under the Eromanga Basin, Eastern Australia including a prominent mid-crustal (Conrad?) discontinuity, Tectonophysics, 101, 267, 10.1016/0040-1951(84)90117-3 Fountain, 1976, The Ivrea-Verbano and Strona-Ceneri zones, northern Italy: a cross-section of the continental crust — new evidence from seismic velocities of rock samples, Tectonophysics, 33, 145, 10.1016/0040-1951(76)90054-8 Fuchs, 1987, Crustal evolution of the Rhinegraben area. I. Exploring the lower crust in the Rhinegraben rift by unified geophysical experiments, 141, 261 Gandais, 1984, Mechanical properties of feldspars, C-137, 207 Gapais, 1981, A comparison of mineral grain fabrics and finite strain in amphibolites from eastern Finland, Can. J. Earth Sci., 18, 995, 10.1139/e81-095 Giletti, 1984, Oxygen diffusion in quartz, J. geophys. Res., 89, 4039, 10.1029/JB089iB06p04039 Helmstaedt, 1972, Petrofabric studies of eclogite, spinel-websterite, and spinel-therzolite xenoliths from kimberlite-bearing breccia pipes in south eastern Utah and Northeastern Arizona, J. geophys. Res., 77, 4350, 10.1029/JB077i023p04350 Hobbs, 1985, The geological significance of microfabric Hobbs, 1972, Plasticity of single crystals of synthetic quartz, 16, 29 Hurich, 1987, Compositional variation and the origin of deep crustal reflections, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 85, 416, 10.1016/0012-821X(87)90137-3 Jackson, 1961, Primary textures and mineral associations in the ultramafic zone of the Stillwater complex Montana, Prof. Pap. U.S. geol. Surv., 358 Jackson, 1975, The Vourinos ophiolite Greece: cycle units of lineated cumulates overlying harzburgite tectonite, Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 86, 390, 10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<390:TVOGCU>2.0.CO;2 Jeffrey, 1922, The motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid, A102, 161 Jensen, 1985, Plagioclase microfabrics in a ductile shear zone from the Jotun Nappe, Norway, J. Struct. Geol., 7, 527, 10.1016/0191-8141(85)90025-2 Jessell, 1988, Simulation of fabric development in recrystallization aggregates — I. Description of the model, J. Struct. Geol., 10, 771, 10.1016/0191-8141(88)90093-4 Ji, 1988, Natural deformation fabrics of plagioclase: implications for slip systems and seismic anisotropy, Tectonophysics, 147, 145, 10.1016/0040-1951(88)90153-9 Ji, 1988, Sense of shear in high temperature movement zones from the fabric asymmetry of plagioclase feldspar, J. Struct. Geol., 10, 73, 10.1016/0191-8141(88)90129-0 Jones, 1984, The nature of seismic reflections from deep crustal shear zones, J. geophys. Res., 89, 3153, 10.1029/JB089iB05p03153 Kamb, 1959, Theory of preferred orientation developed by crystallization under stress, J. Geol., 67, 153, 10.1086/626571 Kern, 1975, Effect of fabric anisotropy on compressional wave propagation in various metamorphic rocks for the range 20–700°C at 2 kbars, Tectonophysics, 28, 227, 10.1016/0040-1951(75)90039-6 Kern, 1988, A model of velocity structure beneath Calabria, Southern Italy, based on Laboratory data, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 87, 325, 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90020-9 Kirby, 1985, Rock mechanics observations pertinent to the rheology of the continental lithosphere and the localization of strain along shear zones, Tectonophysics, 119, 1, 10.1016/0040-1951(85)90030-7 Klemperer, 1987, Reflectivity of the crystalline crust: hypotheses and tests, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 89, 217, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1987.tb04411.x Kruhl, 1987, Preferred orientations of plagioclase from amphibolite and greenschist facies rocks near the Insubric Line (Western Alps), Tectonophysics, 135, 233, 10.1016/0040-1951(87)90164-8 Law, 1987, Heterogeneous deformation and quartz crystallographic fabric transitions: natural examples from the Moine Thrust zone at the Stack of Glencoul, northern Assynt, J. Struct. Geol., 9, 819, 10.1016/0191-8141(87)90083-6 Linker, 1981, Anisotropy in the rheology of hydrolytically weakened synthetic quartz crystals Linker, 1984, Effects of compression direction on the plasticity and rheology of hydrolytically weakened synthetic quartz at atmospheric pressure, J. geophys. Res., 89, 4241, 10.1029/JB089iB06p04241 Lister, 1979, The simulation of fabric development during plastic deformation and its application to quartzite: fabric transitions, J. Struct. Geol., 1, 99, 10.1016/0191-8141(79)90047-6 Lister, 1978, The simulation of fabric development in plastic deformation and its application to quartzite: the model, Tectonophysics, 45, 107, 10.1016/0040-1951(78)90004-5 McSkimin, 1965, Elastic moduli of quartz versus hydrostatic pressure at 25° and −195.8°C, J. appl. Phys., 36, 1624, 10.1063/1.1703099 March, 1932, Mathematische Theorie der Regelung nach der Korngestalt bei affiner Deformation, Z. Kristallogr., 81, 285, 10.1524/zkri.1932.81.1.285 Means, 1966, Experiments on preferred orientation of platey minerals, Contr. Miner. Petrol., 13, 108, 10.1007/BF00518022 Mercier, 1985, Olivine and pyroxenes Montardi, 1987, A TEM study of the natural plastic deformation of calcic plagioclase (An 68-70), Bull. Minéral., 110, 1, 10.3406/bulmi.1987.8022 Moody, 1987, Coincident seismic reflection/refraction studies of the continental lithosphere: a global review, Rev. Geophys., 25, 723, 10.1029/RG025i004p00723 Munch, 1988 Naze, 1987, A TEM study of lattice defects in naturally and experimentally deformed orthopyroxenes, Bull. Minéral., 110, 497, 10.3406/bulmi.1987.7993 Nicolas, 1987 Nicolas, 1972, Interprétations cinématiques des déformations plastiques dans le massif de lherzolite de Lanzo (Alpes Piémontaises), comparaison avec d'autres massifs, Tectonophysics, 14, 143, 10.1016/0040-1951(72)90107-2 Nicolas, 1987, Formation of anisotropy in upper mantle peridotites — a review, Rev. Geophys., 25, 111 Nicolas, 1973, Mechanisms of flow in naturally and experimentally deformed peridotites, Am. J. Sci., 273, 853, 10.2475/ajs.273.10.853 Nicolas, 1976 Oertel, 1970, Deformation of a slaty, lapillar tuff in the Lake District, England, Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 81, 1173, 10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1173:DOASLT]2.0.CO;2 Olsen, 1985, Natural deformation and recrystallization of some intermediate plagioclase feldspar, Tectonophysics, 111, 107, 10.1016/0040-1951(85)90067-8 Peselnick, 1974, Velocity anisotropy in a mantle peridotite from the Ivrea zone: application to the upper mantle anisotropy, J. geophys. Res., 79, 1175, 10.1029/JB079i008p01175 Prinzhofer, 1980, The Bogata Peninsula: a possible oceanic transform fault, J. Geology, 88, 387, 10.1086/628523 Ronov, 1969, Chemical composition of the earth's crust, 13, 37 Rooney, 1969, Experimental deformation of hornblende and amphibole, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 50, 322 Rooney, 1973, Constant strain-rate deformation in amphibole minerals, Environ. Res. Pap. 430, AFCRL-TR-0045 Rooney, 1975, Hornblende deformation features, Geology, 3, 364, 10.1130/0091-7613(1975)3<364:HDF>2.0.CO;2 Ross, 1978, High-temperature flow of wet polycrystalline enstatite, Tectonophysics, 44, 233, 10.1016/0040-1951(78)90072-0 Rousell, 1981, Fabric and origin of gneissic layers in anorthositic rocks of the St. Charles sill, Ontario, Can. J. Earth Sci., 18, 1681, 10.1139/e81-155 Sandmeier, 1986, Synthetic seisograms for a complex crustal model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 22, 10.1029/GL013i001p00022 Schmid, 1981, An illustration of the advantage of a complete texture analysis described by the orientation distribution function (ODF) using quartz pole figures data, Tectonophysics, 78, 101, 10.1016/0040-1951(81)90009-3 Schmid, 1986, Complete fabric analysis of some commonly observed quartz c-axis patterns, Am. Geophys. Un. Geophys. Monogr., 36, 263, 10.1029/GM036p0263 Schwerdtner, 1964, Preferred orientation of hornblende in a banded gneiss, Am. J. Sci., 262, 1212, 10.2475/ajs.262.10.1212 Shelley, 1977, Plagioclase preferred orientation in the Haast schist, New Zealand, J. Geol., 85, 544, 10.1086/628344 Sibson, 1979, Fault rocks and fault mechanisms, J. geol. Soc. Lond., 133, 191, 10.1144/gsjgs.133.3.0191 Tullis, 1976, Experiments on the origin of slaty cleavage and schistosity, Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 87, 745, 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<745:EOTOOS>2.0.CO;2 Tullis, 1973, Microstructure and preferred orientations of experimentally deformed quartzites, Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 84, 297, 10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<297:MAPOOE>2.0.CO;2 Van Houtten, 1985, Development of textures by slip and twinning Van der Molen, 1979, Experimental deformation of partially melted granite, Contr. Miner. Petrol., 70, 299, 10.1007/BF00375359 Van Roemund, 1983, Petrofabrics and microstructures of omphacites in a high temperature eclogite from the Swedish Caledonides, Bull. Minéral., 106, 709, 10.3406/bulmi.1983.7691 Van Roemund, 1981, The dislocation substructures of naturally deformed omphacites, Tectonophysics, 78, 403, 10.1016/0040-1951(81)90022-6 Wagner, 1982, Development of preferred orientation in plane strain deformed limestone: experiment and theory, Contr. Miner. Petrol., 80, 132, 10.1007/BF00374890 1985 Wenk, 1986, Preferred orientation of plagioclase — neutron diffraction and U-stage data, Tectonophysics, 126, 271, 10.1016/0040-1951(86)90233-7 Wenk, 1987, Pure shear and simple shear calcite textures, 9, 731 Willis, 1977, A kinematic model of preferred orientation, Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 88, 883, 10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<883:AKMOPO>2.0.CO;2