Bronchoscopic Protected Specimen Brush and Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Diagnosis of Bacterial Pneumonia

Andrews, 1981, Diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in acute, diffuse lung injury, Chest, 80, 254, 10.1378/chest.80.3.254 Austrian, 1964, Pneumoccocal bacteremia with especial reference to bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, Ann Intern Med, 60, 759, 10.7326/0003-4819-60-5-759 Barrett-Conner, 1971, The non-value of sputum cultures in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia, Amer Rev Resp Dis, 103, 845 Bass, 1983, Use of a bronchoscopic protected catheter technique in the clinical evaluation of a new antibiotic, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 1, 95, 10.1016/0732-8893(83)90038-X Baughman, 1991, Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage in tuberculosis and fungal infections, Chest, 99, 92, 10.1378/chest.99.1.92 Baughman, 1987, Use of the protected specimen brush in patients with endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes, Chest, 91, 233, 10.1378/chest.91.2.233 Broughton, 1987, The technique of protected brush catheter bronchoscopy, J Crit Ill, 2, 63 Broughton, 1988, Acute necrotizing pneumonia caused by Enterobacter cloacae, South Med J, 81, 1061, 10.1097/00007611-198808000-00031 Brunet, 1990, Evaluation of the Wimberley-Bartlett catheter-brush (WBCB) in the diagnosis of pneumonia in neutropenic patients, ARRD 14LA278 Chastre, 1988, Diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in intubated patients undergoing ventilation: Comparison of the usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage and the protected specimen brush, Am J Med, 85, 499, 10.1016/S0002-9343(88)80085-8 Chastre, 1984, Prospective evaluation of the protected specimen brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in ventilated patients, Am Rev Respir Dis, 130, 928 Cordonnier, 1985, Diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage in pneumonitis occurring after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Am Rev Respir Dis, 132, 1118 Crystal, 1986, Bronchoalveolar lavage: The report of an interna tional conference, Chest, 90, 122, 10.1378/chest.90.1.122 De Castro, 1991, Reliability of the bronchoscopic protected catheter brush in the diagnosis of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients, Crit Care Med, 19, 171, 10.1097/00003246-199102000-00010 Fagon, 1988, Detection of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients. Use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques in 147 patients, Am Rev Respir Dis, 138, 110, 10.1164/ajrccm/138.1.110 Fagon, 1989, Nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation. Prospective analysis of 52 episodes with use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques, Am Rev Respir Dis, 139, 877, 10.1164/ajrccm/139.4.877 Fossieck, 1977, Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and culture of bacteria from the lower respiratory tract, Chest, 72, 5, 10.1378/chest.72.1.5 Fulkerson, 1984, Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, New Engl J Med, 311, 511, 10.1056/NEJM198408233110806 Glanville, 1985, The use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy with sterile catheter in the diagnosis of pneumonia, Aust NZ J Med, 15, 309, 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1985.tb04043.x Glatt, 1990, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, Arch Intern Med, 150, 271, 10.1001/archinte.1990.00390140027007 Guerra, 1990, Use of bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose bacterial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients, Crit Care Med, 18, 169, 10.1097/00003246-199002000-00009 Helmers, 1989, Bronchoalveolar lavage in the non-immunocompromised patient, Chest, 96, 1184, 10.1378/chest.96.5.1184 Higuchi, 1982, Bactériologie diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in primates. Usefulness of the protected specimen brush, Am Rev Respir Dis, 125, 5357 Irwin, 1980, Evaluation of methylene blue and squamous epithelial cells as oropharyngeal markers: A means of identifying oropharyngeal contamination during transtracheal aspiration, J Inf Dis, 141, 165, 10.1093/infdis/141.2.165 Jordan, 1976, Bacteriology of the lower respiratory tract as determined by fiber-optic bronchoscopy and transtracheal aspiration, J Inf Dis, 134, 428, 10.1093/infdis/134.5.428 Johanson, 1988, Bactériologie diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia following prolonged mechanical ventilation, Am Rev Respir Dis, 137, 259264, 10.1164/ajrccm/137.2.259 Kahn, 1987, Diagnosing bacterial respiratory infection by bronchoalveolar lavage, J Inf Dis, 155, 862, 10.1093/infdis/155.5.862 Kirkpatrick, 1989, Quantitative bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and protected brush catheter specimens from normal subjects, Am Rev Respir Dis, 139, 546, 10.1164/ajrccm/139.2.546 Kirkpatrick, 1991, Results of bronchoscopically obtained lower airway cultures from adult sickle cell disease patients with the acute chest syndrome, Am J Med, 90, 206, 10.1016/0002-9343(91)80161-E Klech, 1990, Clinical guidelines and indications for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL): Report of the European society of pneumology task group on BAL, Eur Respir J, 3, 937974 Lorch, 1987, Protected transbronchial needle aspiration and protected specimen brush in the diagnosis of pneumonia, Am Rev Respir Dis, 136, 565, 10.1164/ajrccm/136.3.565 Luce, 1989, Pulmonary diagnostic evaluation in patients suspected of having an HIV-related disease, Sem Resp Inf, 4, 93 Martos, 1990, Specificity of quantitative cultures of protected specimen brush and bronchoalveolar lavage in mechanically ventilated patients, ARRD I4LA276 Middleton, 1990, An in vitro comparison of two microbiology specimen brushes, Am Rev Resp Dis, 14L277A Middleton, 1991, Airway bacteriology of the intubated, mechanically ventilated patient: Comparison of bacteria recovered by four different methods, Am Rev Resp Dis, 143, 107A Okinaka, 1968, Bacterial colony counts on bronchial washings, Ann Surg, 167, 47, 10.1097/00000658-196801000-00007 Ortqvist, 1990, Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy and protected brush culture in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, Chest, 97, 576582, 10.1378/chest.97.3.576 Pang, 1989, The bacteriology of bronchiectasis in Hong Kong investigated by protected catheter brush and bronchoalveolar lavage, Am Rev Respir Dis, 139, 14, 10.1164/ajrccm/139.1.14 Pollock, 1983, Diagnosis of bacterial pulmonary infections with quantitative protected catheter cultures obtained during bronchoscopy, J Clin Microbiol, 17, 255, 10.1128/JCM.17.2.255-259.1983 Rankin, 1989, Role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pneumonia, Chest, 95, 187S, 10.1378/chest.95.3_Supplement.187S Reynolds, 1987, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Am Rev Respir Dis, 135, 250 Springmeyer, 1986, Use of bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose acute diffuse pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, J Inf Dis, 154, 604, 10.1093/infdis/154.4.604 Thorpe, 1987, Bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosing acute bacterial pneumonia, J Inf Dis, 155, 855, 10.1093/infdis/155.5.855 Tollerud, 1989, Use of a rapid differential stain for identifying Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Chest, 95, 494, 10.1378/chest.95.3.494 Villers, 1985, Reliability of the bronchoscopic protected catheter brush in intubated and ventilated patients, Chest, 88, 527, 10.1378/chest.88.4.527 Wimberley, 1979, A fiberoptic bronchoscopy technique to obtain uncontaminated lower airway secretions for bacterial culture, Am Rev Respir Dis, 119, 337 Wimberley, 1979, Antibacterial properties of lidocaine, Chest, 76, 37, 10.1378/chest.76.1.37 Wimberley, 1982, Use of a bronchoscopic protected catheter brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections, Chest, 81, 556, 10.1378/chest.81.5.556 Winthrop, 1990, The diagnosis of pneumonia in the immunocom promised child: Use of bronchoalveolar lavage, J Ped Surg, 25, 878, 10.1016/0022-3468(90)90195-F Xaubet, 1989, Pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised patients. Diagnostic value of telescoping plugged catheter and bronchoalveolar lavage, Chest, 95, 130, 10.1378/chest.95.1.130