The Placebo Response to Citric Acid-induced Cough: Pharmacodynamics and Gender Differences

Beecher, 1955, The powerful placebo, JAMA, 159, 1602, 10.1001/jama.1955.02960340022006 Hrobartsson, 1996, The uncontrollable placebo effect, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 50, 345, 10.1007/s002280050120 Ernst, 1995, Concept of true and perceived placebo effects, Br Med J, 311, 551, 10.1136/bmj.311.7004.551 Weiner, 1996, The kinetics and dynamics of responses to placebo, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 60, 247, 10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90051-X McQuay, 1996, Variation in the placebo effect in randomized controlled trials of analgesics: All is as blind as it seems, Pain, 64, 331, 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00116-6 Levine, 1984, Influence of the method of drug administration on analgesic response, Nature, 312, 755, 10.1038/312755a0 Fedele, 1989, Dynamics and significance of placebo response in primary dysmenorrhea, Pain, 36, 43, 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90110-3 Brown, 1998, Integrated pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamic model for acetaminophen, ibuprofen and placebo antipyresis in children, J Pharmacokin Biopharm, 26, 559, 10.1023/A:1023225217108 Rabkin, 1987, Baseline characteristics of 10-day placebo washout responders in antidepressant trials, Psychiat Res, 21, 9, 10.1016/0165-1781(87)90057-6 Geller, 1992, Baseline and 2-year to 3-year follow-up characteristics of placebo washout responders from a nortriptyline study of depressed 6-year to 12-year-olds, J Am Acad Child Adolescent Pschiat, 31, 622, 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00008 Dager, 1990, Characteristics of placebo-response during long-term treatment of panic disorder, Psychopharmacol Bull, 26, 273 Gupta, 1999, Quantitative characterisation of therapeutic index: application of mixed effects medeling to evaluate oxybutyrin dose-efficacy and dose-side effects relationship, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 65, 672, 10.1016/S0009-9236(99)90089-9 Hempel, 1998, Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of moxinidine using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 64, 622, 10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90053-4 Bickerman, 1954, The experimental production of cough in human subjects induced by citric acid aerosols, preliminary studies on the evaluation antitussive agents, Am J Med Sci, 228, 156, 10.1097/00000441-195408000-00005 Packman, 1980, The utility of artificially induced cough as a clinical model for evaluating the antitussive effects of aromatics delivered by inunction, Eur J Resp Dis, 110, 101 Morice, 1996, Inhalation cough challenge in the investigation of the cough reflex and antitussives, Pulm Pharmacol, 9, 281, 10.1006/pulp.1996.0036 Morice, 1994, Effects of inhaled menthol on citric acid induced cough in normal subjects, Thorax, 29, 1024, 10.1136/thx.49.10.1024 Packman, 1991, Antitussive effects of diphenhydramine on the citric acid aerosol induced cough response in humans, Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 29, 218 Grattan, 1995, The effect of inhaled and oral dextromethorphan on citric acid induced cough in man, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 39, 261, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04446.x Abul-Manap, 1999, The antitussive effect of dextromethorphan in relation to CYP2D6 activity, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 48, 382, 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00029.x Yamaoka, 1976, Application of Akaike's information criteria (AIC) in the evaluation of linear pharmacokinetic equations, J Pharmacokin Biopharm, 6, 165, 10.1007/BF01117450 Morice, 1992, Adaptation of the cough reflex with different types of stimulation, Eur Resp J, 5, 841, 10.1183/09031936.93.05070841 Poundsford, 1985, Cough response to citric acid aerosol in occasional smokers, Thorax, 40, 657 Morice, 2000, Gender differences in airway behaviour, Thorax, 55, 629, 10.1136/thorax.55.7.628a Fujimura, 1990, Sex difference in the inhaled tartaric acid cough threshold in non-atopic healthy subjects, Thorax, 45, 633, 10.1136/thx.45.8.633 Dicpinigaitis, 1998, The influence of gender on cough reflex sensitivity, Chest, 113, 1319, 10.1378/chest.113.5.1319 Fujimura, 1996, Female gender as a determinant of cough threshold to inhaled capsaicin, Eur Respir J, 9, 1624, 10.1183/09031936.96.09081624 Os, 1992, Female sex as an important determinant of lisinopril-induced cough, Lancet, 339, 372, 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91694-4 Beirle, 1999, Gender differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 37, 529 Lee, 2000, The effect of placebo treatment on cough associated with common cold, Proceedings of the British Pharmacological SocietyDec, P177