Channel flow and ductile extrusion of the high Himalayan slab-the Kangchenjunga–Darjeeling profile, Sikkim Himalaya☆
Tài liệu tham khảo
Acharya, 1977
Alsdorf, 1999, Tibetan satellite magnetic low: evidence for widespread melt in the Tibetan crust?, Geology, 27, 943, 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0943:TSMLEF>2.3.CO;2
Alsdorf, 1998, Crustal deformation of the Lhasa terrane from Project INDEPTH deep seismic reflection profiles, Tectonics, 17, 501, 10.1029/98TC01315
Auden, 1935, Traverses in the Himalaya, Recorded Geological Survey of India, 2, 123
Beaumont, 2001, Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused surface denudation, Nature, 414, 738, 10.1038/414738a
Bird, 1991, Lateral extrusion of lower crust from under high topography in the isostatic limit, Journal Geophysical Research, 96, 10275, 10.1029/91JB00370
Burchfiel, 1992, The South Tibetan Detachment System, Himalaytan Orogen: extension contemporaneous with and parallel to shortening in a collisional mountain belt, Geological Society of America Special Paper, 269, 41
Burg J-P., 1983. Carte Geologique du Sud du Tibet. Ministry of Geology, Peking, and CNRS, Paris.
Burg, 1984, Deformation of leucogranites of the crystalline Main Central thrust sheet in southern Tibet (China), Journal of Structural Geology, 6, 535, 10.1016/0191-8141(84)90063-4
Catlos, 2002, P–T–t constraints on the evolution of the Sikkim Himalaya. Abstract, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20, 6
Cattin, 2000, Modelling mountain building and the seismic cycle in the Himalaya of Nepal, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 13389, 10.1029/2000JB900032
Clark, 2000, Topographic ooze: building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow, Geology, 28, 703, 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<703:TOBTEM>2.0.CO;2
Davidson, 1997, Metamorphic reactions related to decompression and synkinematic intrusion of leucogranite, high Himalayan crystallines, Bhutan, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 15, 593, 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1997.00044.x
DeCelles, 1998, Neogene foreland basin deposits, erosional unroofing, and the kinematic history of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt, western Nepal, Geological Society of America Bulleting, 110, 2, 10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0002:NFBDEU>2.3.CO;2
Edwards, 1997, When did the roof collapse? Late Miocene north-south extension in the high Himalaya revealed by Th–Pb monazite dating of the Khula Kangri granite, Geology, 25, 543, 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0543:WDTRCL>2.3.CO;2
Edwards, 2002, We seek him now, we seek him then; 70 years of constraints on the STDS in Sikkim. Abstract, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20, 11
Francheteau, 1984, High heat flow in southern Tibet, Nature, 307, 32, 10.1038/307032a0
Gansser, 1964
Gansser, 1983
Grasemann, 1999, Quantitative kinematic flow analysis from the Main Central Thrust zone (NW Himalaya, India); Implications for a decelerating strain path and the extrusion of orogenic wedges, Journal of Structural Geology, 21, 837, 10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00077-2
Grujic, 1996, Ductile extrusion of the Higher Himalayan crystalline in Bhutan: evidence from quartz microfabrics, Tectonophysics, 260, 21, 10.1016/0040-1951(96)00074-1
Grujic, 2002, Himalayan metamorphic sequence as an orogenic channel: insight from Bhutan, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 198, 177, 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00482-X
Harris, 2004, The pressure–temperature–time path of migmatites from the Sikkim Himalaya, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00511.x
Harrison, 1999, Origin and episodic emplacement of the Manaslu Intrusive Complex, Central Himalaya, Journal of Petrology, 40, 3, 10.1093/petrology/40.1.3
Hauck, 1998, Crustal structure of the Himalayan orogen at approximately 90° east longitude from Project INDEPTH deep reflection profiles, Tectonics, 17, 481, 10.1029/98TC01314
Hodges, 2000, Tectonics of the Himalaya and southern Tibet from two perspectives, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 112, 324, 10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<324:TOTHAS>2.0.CO;2
Hodges, 1992, Simultaneous Miocene extension and shortening in the Himalayan orogen, Science, 258, 1466, 10.1126/science.258.5087.1466
Hodges, 1993, The metamorphic signature of contemporaneous extension and shortening in the central Himalayan orogen: data from the Nyalam transect, southern Tibet, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 11, 721, 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1993.tb00183.x
Hodges, 1996, Tectonic evolution of the central Annapurna Range, Nepalese Himalaya, Tectonics, 15, 1264, 10.1029/96TC01791
Hodges, 1998, Evidence for rapid displacement on Himalayan normal faults and the importance of tectonic denudation in the evolution of mountain ranges, Geology, 26, 483, 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0483:EFRDOH>2.3.CO;2
Hubbard, 1989, Thermobarometric constraints on the thermal history of the Main Central Thrust Zone and Tibetan Slab, eastern Nepal Himalaya, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 7, 19, 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1989.tb00572.x
Hubbard, 1996, Ductile shear as a cause of inverted metamorphism: example from the Nepal Himalaya, Journal of Geology, 194, 493, 10.1086/629842
Hubbard, 1989, 40Ar/39Ar age constraints on deformation and metamorphism in the Main Central Thrust zone and Tibetan Slab, eastern Nepal Himalaya, Tectonics, 8, 865, 10.1029/TC008i004p00865
Johnson, 2001, Synthrusting metamorphism, cooling and erosion of the Himalayan Kathmandu Complex, Nepal, Tectonics, 20, 394, 10.1029/2001TC900005
Kosarev, 1999, Seismic evidence for a detached Indian lithospheric mantle beneath Tibet, Science, 283, 1306, 10.1126/science.283.5406.1306
Lal, 1981, Deformation and Barrovian metamorphism at Tadkah, Darjeeling (eastern Himalaya), 231
von Loczy, 1878, Beobachtungen im östlichen Himalaya, Földr. Közlem., 35, 1
Mallet, 1875, On the geology and mineral resources of the Darjeeling district and the western Duars, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 11, 1
Mohan, 1989, Geothermobarometry and development of inverted metamorphism in the Darjeeling-Sikkim region of the eastern Himalaya, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 7, 95, 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1989.tb00577.x
Murphy, 1999, Relationship between leucogranites and the Qomolangma Detachment in the Rongbuk valley, south Tibet, Geology, 27, 831, 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0831:RBLATQ>2.3.CO;2
Najman, 1994, Palaeomagnetic dating of the earliest continental Himalayan foredeep sediments: implications for Himalayan evolution, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 128, 713, 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90185-6
Nelson, 1996, Partially molten middle crust beneath southern Tibet: synthesis of Project INDEPTH results, Science, 274, 1684, 10.1126/science.274.5293.1684
Neogi, 1998, High P–T Polymetamorphism, dehydration melting and generation of migmatites and granites in the Higher Himalayan Crystalline complex, Sikkim, India, Journal of Petrology, 39, 61, 10.1093/petrology/39.1.61
Noble, 1995, Age of crustal melting and leucogranite formation from U–Pb zircon and monazite dating in the western Himalaya, Zanskar, India, Geology, 23, 1135, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1135:AOCMAL>2.3.CO;2
Owens, 1997, Implications of crustal property variations for models of Tibetan plateau evolution, Nature, 387, 37, 10.1038/387037a0
Ray, 1947, Zonal metamorphism in the eastern Himalayas and some aspects of local geology, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Mining and Metallurgical Society of India, 19, 117
Royden, 1997, Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in Eastern Tibet, Science, 276, 788, 10.1126/science.276.5313.788
Schärer, 1984, The effect of initial 230Th disequilibration on U–Pb ages: the Makalu case, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 67, 191, 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90114-6
Schelling, 1991, Thrust tectonics, crustal shortening and the structure of the far eastern Nepal Himalaya, Tectonics, 10, 851, 10.1029/91TC01011
Searle, 1996, Cooling history, erosion, exhumation and kinematics of the Himalaya–Karakoram–Tibet orogenic belt, 110
Searle, 1999, Extensional and compressional faults in the Everest-Lhotse massif, Khumbu Himalaya, Nepal, Journal of Geological Society, London, 156, 227, 10.1144/gsjgs.156.2.0227
Searle, 1999, Emplacement of Himalayan leucogranites by magma injection along giant sill complexes: examples from the Cho Oyu, Gyachung Kang and Everest leucogranites (Nepal Himalaya), Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 17, 773, 10.1016/S1367-9120(99)00020-6
Searle, 1989, Thermal model for the Zanskar Himalaya, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 7, 127, 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1989.tb00579.x
Searle, 1988, Collision tectonics of the Ladakh-Zanskar Himalaya, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, A326, 117, 10.1098/rsta.1988.0082
Searle, 1992, Pressure, temperature and time constraints on Himalayan metamorphism from eastern Kashmir and western Zanskar, Journal of Geological Society, London, 149, 753, 10.1144/gsjgs.149.5.0753
Searle, 1993, Field relations, petrogenesis and emplacement of the Bhagirathi leucogranite, Garhwal Himalaya, vol. 74, 429
Searle, 1997, Shisha Pangma leucogranite, South Tibetan Himalaya: field relations, geochemistry, age, origin and emplacement, Journal of Geology, 105, 295, 10.1086/515924
Searle, 1999, Thermal and mechanical models for the structural evolution of Zanskar High Himalaya, vol. 164, 139
Searle, 1999, Age of crustal melting, emplacement and exhumation history of the Shivling leucogranite, Garhwal Himalaya, Geological Magazine, 136, 513, 10.1017/S0016756899002885
Searle, 2003, The structural geometry, metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the Everest massif, High Himalaya of Nepal-South Tibet, Journal of Geological Society, London, 160, 345, 10.1144/0016-764902-126
Simpson, 2000, Two episodes of monazite crystallization during metamorphism and crustal melting in the Everest region of the Nepalese Himalaya, Geology, 28, 403, 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<403:TEOMCD>2.0.CO;2
Sinha-Roy, 1982, Himalayan Main Central Thrust and its implications for Himalayan inverted metamorphism, Tectonophysics, 84, 197, 10.1016/0040-1951(82)90160-3
Stephenson, 2000, Inverted metamorphism and the Main Central Thrust: field relations and thermobarometric constraints from the Kishtwar Window, NW Indian Himalaya, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 18, 571, 10.1046/j.1525-1314.2000.00277.x
Stephenson, 2001, Structure of the Main Central Thrust zone and extrusion of the High Himalayan crustal wedge, Kishtwar-Zanskar Himalaya, Journal of Geological Society, London, 158, 637, 10.1144/jgs.158.4.637
Swapp, 1991, Inverted metamorphism within the Tibetan slab of Bhutan: evidence for a tectonically transported heat source, Canadian Mineralogist, 29, 1019
Vannay, 2001, Himalayan inverted metamorphism and syn-convergence extension as a consequence of a general shear extrusion, Geological Magazine, 138, 253, 10.1017/S0016756801005313
Wager, 1939, The Lachi series of North Sikkim and the age of the rocks forming Mount Everest, Recorded Geological Survey of India, 2, 171
Walker, 1999, Metamorphism, melting and extension: age constraints from the High Himalayan slab of Southeastern Zanskar and Northwestern Lahoul, Journal of Geology, 107, 473, 10.1086/314360
Wei, 2001, Detection of widespread fluids in the Tibetan crust by magnetotelluric studies, Science, 716, 8
Wu, 1998, Yadong cross-structure and South Tibetan Detachment in the east central Himalaya (89°–90°E), Tectonics, 17, 28, 10.1029/97TC03386
Zhao, 1993, Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet, Nature, 366, 557, 10.1038/366557a0