Evaluation of mitigation measures for air quality in Italy in 2020 and 2030

Amann, 2011, Cost-effective control of air quality and greenhouse gases in Europe: modeling and policy applications, Environ. Model. Softw., 26, 1489, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.012 Amann, 2015 Amann, 2015 Arianet, 2011 Backes, 2016, Ammonia emissions in Europe, part II: how ammonia emission abatement strategies affect secondary aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 126, 153, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.039 Baldasano, 2010, Air pollution impacts of speed limitation measures in large cities: the need for improving traffic data in a metropolitan area, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2997, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.013 Baldasano, 2011, An annual assessment of air quality with the CALIOPE modeling system over Spain, Sci. Total Environ., 409, 2163, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.041 Bedogni, 2008, Assessing the contribution of the main emission sources to particulate matter concentrations in the Milan area, Hrvatski Meteoroloski Casopis, 43, 598 Beelen, 2014, Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicenter ESCAPE project, Lancet, 383, 785, 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62158-3 Bel, 2013, Effects of the 80 km/h and variable speed limits on air pollution in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, Transportation Research Part D, 23, 90, 10.1016/j.trd.2013.04.005 Bessagnet, 2014, Can further mitigation of ammonia emissions reduce exceedances of particulate matter air quality standards?, Environ. Sci. Policy, 44, 149, 10.1016/j.envsci.2014.07.011 Briganti, 2011, Determination of multi-year atmospheric transfer Matrices for GAINS-Italy model, vol. 2010, 45 Caserini, 2017, Influence of climate change on the frequency of daytime temperature inversions and stagnation events in the Po Valley: historical trend and future projections, Atmos. Res., 184, 15, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.09.018 Chemel, 2010, Evaluation of a CMAQ simulation at high resolution over the UK for the calendar year 2003, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2927, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.029 Ciancarella, 2016 Ciucci, 2016, Cost-effective reductions of PM2.5 concentrations and exposure in Italy, Atmos. Environ., 140, 84, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.049 Cole-Hunter, 2018, Estimated effects of air pollution and space-time-activity on cardiopulmonary outcomes in healthy adults: a repeated measures study, Environ. Int., 111, 247, 10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.024 Cotton, 2003, RAMS 2001: current status and future directions, Meteorology Atmos. Phys., 82, 5, 10.1007/s00703-001-0584-9 D'Elia, 2009, Technical and Non-technical measures for air pollution emission reduction: the integrated assessment of the Regional Air Quality Management Plans through the Italian national model, Atmos. Environ., 43, 6182, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.003 D'Elia, 2013 D'Elia, 2016 de Meij, 2009, The sensitivity of the CHIMERE model to emissions reduction scenarios on air quality in Northern Italy, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1897, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.036 Denby, 2010 Dijkema, 2008, Air quality effects of an urban highway speed limit reduction, Atmos. Environ., 42, 9098, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.039 D. Lgs. 285/1992. Decreto Legislativo 30 aprile 1992, n. 285, “Nuovo codice della strada”. (Gazzetta Ufficiale n.114 del 18-5-1992-Suppl. Ordinario n. 74 (in Italian). D. Lgs. 155/2010. Decreto Legislativo 13 agosto 2010, n.155, "Attuazione della direttiva 2008/50/CE relativa alla qualità dell'aria ambiente e per un'aria più pulita in Europa". Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 216 del 15 settembre 2010-Suppl. Ordinario n. 217 (in Italian). EC, 2001, Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants, EC Official J. L EC, 2008, Directive 2008/50/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 21 may 2008 on ambient air quality and a cleaner air for Europe, EC Official J. L EC, 2016, Directive 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC, EC Official J. Eur. Union L EEA (European Environmental Agency), 2016 EEA (European Environmental Agency), 2017 ENEA, 2016 EU, 2015, Commission Regulations (EU) 2015/1185 of 24 April 2015 implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for solid fuel local space heaters, Official J. Eur. Union, L European Commission, 2011 Eurostat, 2015 Ferreira, 2017, National emission ceilings in Portugal—trends, compliance and projections, Air Qual. Atmos. Health, 10, 1089, 10.1007/s11869-017-0496-6 Fuzzi, 1982, Characterization of a local aerosol on a rural site of the Po Valley, Sci. Total Environ., 23, 361, 10.1016/0048-9697(82)90152-8 Gariazzo, 2007, A gas/aerosol air pollutants study over the urban area of Rome using a comprehensive chemical transport model, Atmos. Environ., 41, 7286, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.018 Ghigo, 2018, Mapping air pollutants at municipality level in Italy and Spain in support to health impact evaluations, Air Qual. Atmos. Health, 11, 69, 10.1007/s11869-017-0520-x Hoek, 2013, Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory mortality: a review, Environmental Health, 12 IA-HEV (Implementing Agreement for co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes), 2018 IIR, 2016 ISPRA, 2015 Kasten, 2016 Kim, 2015, A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter, Environ. Int., 74, 136, 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.005 Lim, 2012, A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, Lancet, 380, 2224, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8 Lonati, 2005, Major chemical components of PM2.5 in Milan (Italy), Atmos. Environ., 39, 1925, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.012 Loulou, 2004 Loulou, 2005 Marcazzan, 2003, Source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in Milan (Italy) using receptor modelling, Sci. Total Environ., 317, 137, 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00368-1 Masiol, 2015, Spatial, seasonal trends and transboundary transport of PM2.5 inorganic ions in the Veneto region (North eastern Italy), Atmos. Environ., 117, 19, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.06.044 MATTM, 2013. Accordo di programma per l’adozione coordinata e congiunta di misure per il miglioramento della qualità dell’aria nel Bacino Padano. Dic, 2013. In Italian http://www.minambiente.it/sites/default/files/accordo_bacino_padano.pdf. MATTM, 2017. Decreto 7 novembre 2017, n. 186. Regolamento recante la disciplina dei requisiti, delle procedure e delle competenze per il rilascio di una certificazione dei generatori di calore alimentati a biomasse combustibili solide. Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana, Serie Generale n.294 del 18-12-2017 (in Italian). McKerracher, 2016 MIPAAF, 2016 Mircea, 2014, Assessment of the AMS-MINNI system capabilities to simulate air quality over Italy for the calendar year 2005, Atmos. Environ., 84, 178, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.006 Mircea, 2016, Impact of grid resolution on aerosol predictions: a case study over Italy, Air Pollut. Model., 16, 1253 Miranda, 2015, Current air quality plans in Europe designed to support air quality management policies, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 6, 434, 10.5094/APR.2015.048 Monteiro, 2015, Air quality over Portugal in 2020, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 6, 788, 10.5094/APR.2015.087 PREPAIR Raaschou-Nielsen, 2013, Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European study of cohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE), Lancet Oncol., 14, 813, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1 SEN, 2013 SEN, 2017 Silibello, 2008, Modelling of PM10 concentrations over Milano urban area using two aerosol modules, Environ. Model. Softw., 23, 333, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.04.002 Squizzato, 2013, Factors determining the formation of secondary inorganic aerosol: a case study in the Po Valley (Italy), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1927, 10.5194/acp-13-1927-2013 Squizzato, 2016, Factors, origin and sources affecting PM1 concentrations and composition at an urban background site, Atmos. Res., 180, 262, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.06.002 Thunis, 2016, Overview of current regional and local scale air quality modelling practices: assessment and planning tools in the EU, Environ. Sci. Policy, 65, 13, 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.03.013 Thurston, 2017, A joint ERS/ATS policy statement: what constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? An analytical framework, Eur. Respir. J., 49, 10.1183/13993003.00419-2016 Vedrenne, 2015, An integrated assessment of two decades of air pollution policy making in Spain: impacts, costs and improvements, Sci. Total Environ., 527–528, 351, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.014 Viaene, 2016, Air quality integrated assessment modelling in the context of EU policy: a way forward, Environ. Sci. Policy, 65, 22, 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.05.024 Vieno, 2016, The sensitivities of emissions reductions for the mitigation of UK PM2.5, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 265, 10.5194/acp-16-265-2016 WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2015 WHO, 2016