The impact of the water moulds Saprolegnia diclina and Saprolegnia parasitica on natural ecosystems and the aquaculture industry

Fungal Biology Reviews - Tập 27 - Trang 33-42 - 2013
Albert Hendrik van den Berg1, Debbie McLaggan1, Javier Diéguez-Uribeondo2, Pieter van West1
1Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
2Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC, 28014 Madrid, Spain

Tài liệu tham khảo

Alderman, 1994, Control of Oomycete Pathogens in Aquaculture, 111 Andersson, 2002, Pumilio homologue from Saprolegnia parasitica specifically expressed in undifferentiated spore cysts, Eukaryotic Cell, 1, 105, 10.1128/EC.1.1.105-111.2002 Bangyeekhun, 2003, Prevalence of a single fish-pathogenic Saprolegnia sp. clone in Finland and Sweden, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 53, 47, 10.3354/dao053047 Banks, 1988, Reproductive success of natterjack toads Bufo calamita in two contrasting habitats, Journal of Animal Ecology, 57, 475, 10.2307/4919 Bartnicki-Garcia, 1968, Cell wall chemistry, morphogenesis, and taxonomy of fungi, Annual Review of Microbiology, 22, 87, 10.1146/annurev.mi.22.100168.000511 Beakes, 1983, A comparative account of cyst coat ontogeny in saprophytic and fish-lesion pathogenic isolates of the Saprolegnia diclina–parasitica, Canadian Journal of Botany, 61, 603, 10.1139/b83-068 Beakes, 1989, Ultrastructure of mature oogonium-oospore wall complexs in Phytophthora megasperma: a comparison of in vivo and in vitro dissolution of the oospore wall, Mycological Research, 93, 321, 10.1016/S0953-7562(89)80159-5 Beakes, 1994, Features Which Characterize Saprolegnia Isolates from Salmon Fish Lesions. A Review, 33 Beattie, 1991, A field study of fertilization and embryonic development in the common frog (Rana temporaria) with particular reference to acidity and temperature, Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 346, 10.2307/2404134 Blaustein, 1994, Pathogenic fungus contributes to amphibian losses in the Pacific northwest, Biological Conservation, 67, 251, 10.1016/0006-3207(94)90616-5 Bly, 1992, Winter saprolegniosis in channel catfish, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 13, 155, 10.3354/dao013155 Bragg, 1962, Saprolegnia on tadpoles again in Oklahoma, Southwestern Naturalist, 7, 79, 10.2307/3669450 Bragg, 1958, Parasitism of spadefoot toads by Saprolegnia, Herpetologica, 14, 34 Bruno, 2009, Saprolegnia and other oomycetes, vol. 3, 669 Cameron, 1981, Binding of isovaleraldehyde, an attractant, to zoospores of the fungus Phytophthora palmivora in relation to zoospore chemotaxis, Journal of Cell Science, 49, 273, 10.1242/jcs.49.1.273 Cao, 2012, Identification of an isolate of Saprolegnia ferax as the causal agent of saprolegniosis of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) eggs, Veterinary Research Communications, 36, 239, 10.1007/s11259-012-9536-8 Cerenius, 2003, Host prophenoloxidase expression in freshwater crayfish is linked to increased resistance to the crayfish plague fungus, Aphanomyces astaci, Cellular Microbiology, 5, 353, 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00282.x Cerenius, 1992, Crayfish diseases and crayfish as vectors for important diseases, Finnish Fisheries Research, 14, 125 Cerenius, 1985, Repeated zoospore emergence as a possible adaptation to parasitism in Aphanomyces, Experimental Mycology, 9, 259, 10.1016/0147-5975(85)90022-2 Cerenius, 1984, Chemotaxis in Aphanomyces astaci, an arthropod-parasitic fungus, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 43, 278, 10.1016/0022-2011(84)90150-2 Cerenius, 1984, Repeated zoospore emergence from isolated spore cysts of Aphanomyces astaci, Experimental Mycology, 8, 370, 10.1016/0147-5975(84)90061-6 Chukanhom, 2004, Freshwater fungi isolated from eggs of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Thailand, Mycoscience, 45, 42, 10.1007/S10267-003-0153-9 Coker, 1923 Culp, 1996, Malachite green: a toxicological review, Journal of the American College of Toxicology, 15, 219, 10.3109/10915819609008715 Daugherty, 1998, Evolution of spore release mechanisms in the Saprolegniaceae (Oomycetes): evidence from a phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences, Fungal Genetics and Biology, 24, 354, 10.1006/fgbi.1998.1077 De Bari, 1852, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Achlya prolifera Nees, Botanische Zeitung, 10, 473 de Bruijn, 2012, Immune gene expression in trout cell lines infected with the fish pathogenic oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica, Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 38, 44, 10.1016/j.dci.2012.03.018 Densmore, 2007, Diseases of amphibians, ILAR Journal, 48, 235, 10.1093/ilar.48.3.235 Dieguez-Uribeondo, 1994, Repeated zoospore emergence in Saprolegnia parasitica, Mycological Research, 98, 810, 10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81060-5 Dieguez-Uribeondo, 1994, Saprolegnia parasitica and its virulence on three different species of freshwater crayfish, Aquaculture, 120, 219, 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90080-9 Diéguez-Uribeondo, 2007, Re-evaluation of the enigmatic species complex Saprolegnia diclina–Saprolegnia parasitica based on morphological, physiological and molecular data, Fungal Genetics and Biology, 44, 585, 10.1016/j.fgb.2007.02.010 Diéguez-Uribeondo, 2009, Phylogenetic relationships among plant and animal parasites, and saprotrophs in Aphanomyces (Oomycetes), Fungal Genetics and Biology, 46, 365, 10.1016/j.fgb.2009.02.004 Diéguez-Uribeondo, 2004, Image analysis of hyphal morphogenesis in Saprolegniaceae (Oomycetes), Fungal Genetics and Biology, 41, 293, 10.1016/j.fgb.2003.10.012 Dieguez-Uribeondo, 1995, Physiological adaptation of an Aphanomyces astaci strain isolated from the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii, Mycological Research, 99, 574, 10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80716-8 Donaldson, 1992, Role of calcium in adhesion and germination of zoospore cysts of Pythium: a model to explain infection of host plants, Journal of General Microbiology, 138, 2051, 10.1099/00221287-138-10-2051 Edgell, 1993, The use of salt solutions to control fungus (Saprolegnia) infestations on salmon eggs, Progressive Fish-Culturist, 55, 48, 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0048:TUOSST>2.3.CO;2 El-Feki, 2003, Chemotactic and chemokinetic activities of Saprolegnia parasitica toward different metabolites and fish tissue extracts, Mycoscience, 44, 159, 10.1007/S10267-002-0089-5 Erwin, 1996 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, 2009 Fernandez-Beneitez, 2008, Saprolegnia diclina: another species responsible for the emergent disease ‘Saprolegnia infections’ in amphibians, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 279, 23, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.01002.x Fernández-Benéitez, 2011, Differences in susceptibility to Saprolegnia infections among embryonic stages of two anuran species, Oecologia, 165, 819, 10.1007/s00442-010-1889-5 Fregeneda Grandes, 2001, Experimental pathogenicity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), of two distinct morphotypes of long-spined Saprolegnia isolates obtained from wild brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and river water, Journal of Fish Diseases, 24, 351, 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00305.x Fregeneda-Grandes, 2007, Detection of ‘long-haired’ Saprolegnia (S. parasitica) isolates using monoclonal antibodies, Mycological Research, 111, 726, 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.04.005 Fregeneda-Grandes, 2007, Antibody response of brown trout Salmo truta injected with pathogenic Saprolegnia parasitica antigenic extracts, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 74, 107, 10.3354/dao074107 Fuller, 1987 Gherardi, 2011, Managing invasive crayfish: is there a hope?, Aquatic Sciences, 73, 185, 10.1007/s00027-011-0181-z Guerriero, 2010, What do we really know about cellulose biosynthesis in higher plants?, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 52, 161, 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00935.x Haigler, 1980, Calcofluor white ST alters the in vivo assembly of cellulose microfibrils, Science, 210, 903, 10.1126/science.7434003 Hatai, 1980, vol. 8, 1 Hatai, 1994, Pathogenicity of Saprolegnia parasitica Coker, 87 Hatai, 1990, Some characteristics of Saprolegnia obtained from fish hatcheries in Japan, Mycological Research, 94, 182, 10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80611-4 Hatai, 1993, Characteristics of two Saprolegnia species isolated from coho salmon with saprolegniosis, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 5, 115, 10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0115:COTSSI>2.3.CO;2 Hirsch, 2008, A previously undescribed set of Saprolegnia spp. in the invasive spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus, Rafinesque), Fundamental and Applied Limnology/Archiv Für Hydrobiologie, 172, 161, 10.1127/1863-9135/2008/0172-0161 Höfte, 2010, Fluorescent pseudomonads as biocontrol agents for sustainable agricultural systems, Research in Microbiology, 161, 464, 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.04.007 Houston, 2010, The susceptibility of Atlantic salmon fry to freshwater infectious pancreatic necrosis is largely explained by a major QTL, Heredity, 105, 318, 10.1038/hdy.2009.171 Hulvey, 2007, Species boundaries within Saprolegnia (Saprolegniales, Oomycota) based on morphological and DNA sequence data, Mycologia, 99, 421, 10.3852/mycologia.99.3.421 Hussein, 2002, Pathogenicity of Saprolegnia species associated with outbreaks of salmonid saprolegniosis in Japan, Fisheries Science, 68, 1067, 10.1046/j.1444-2906.2002.00533.x Johnson, 2002 Johnson, 2008, DNA barcoding as a means to identify organisms associated with amphibian eggs, Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 3, 116 Jiang, 2013, Distinctive repertoire of potential virulence genes in the genome of the oomycete fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica, PLoS Genetics, 9, e1003272, 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003272 Kales, 2007, Response of rainbow trout monocyte macrophage cell line, RTS11 to the water molds Achlya and Saprolegnia, Molecular Immunology, 44, 2303, 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.11.007 Kamoun, 2003, Molecular genetics of pathogenic oomycetes, Eukaryotic Cell, 2, 191, 10.1128/EC.2.2.191-199.2003 Kestrup, 2010, Differential infection of exotic and native freshwater amphipods by a parasitic water mold in the St. Lawrence River, Biological Invasions, 13, 769, 10.1007/s10530-010-9867-8 Kiesecker, 2001, Complex causes of amphibian population declines, Nature, 410, 681, 10.1038/35070552 Kiesecker, 2001, Transfer of a pathogen from fish to amphibians, Conservation Biology, 15, 1064, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.0150041064.x Kitancharoen, 1997, Fungicidal effect of hydrogen peroxide on fungal infection of rainbow trout eggs, Mycoscience, 38, 375, 10.1007/BF02461675 Kitancharoen, 1997, Aquatic fungi developing on eggs of salmonids, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 9, 314, 10.1577/1548-8667(1997)009<0314:AFDOEO>2.3.CO;2 Lamour, 2007, Oomycete genomics: new insights and future directions, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 274, 1, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00786.x Langvad, 1994, Saprolegnia in Norwegian Fish Farming, 188 Lévesque, 2004, Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Pythium, Mycological Research, 108, 1363, 10.1017/S0953756204001431 Marchand, 2011, Reduction of in vitro growth in Flavobacterium columnare and Saprolegnia parasitica by products containing peracetic acid, Aquaculture Research, 43, 1861, 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02995.x Marking, 1994, Evaluation of antifungal agents for fish culture, Progressive Fish-Culturist, 56, 225, 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0225:AFSEOA>2.3.CO;2 Mélida, 2013, Analyses of extracellular carbohydrates in oomycetes unveil the existence of three different cell wall types, Eukaryotic Cell, 12, 194, 10.1128/EC.00288-12 Molina, 1995, Molecular characterization and identification of Saprolegnia by restriction analysis of genes coding for ribosomal RNA, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 68, 65, 10.1007/BF00873294 Morris, 1992, Electrotaxis of zoospores of Phytophthora palmivora at physiologically relevant field strengths, Plant, Cell & Environment, 15, 645, 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01006.x Morris, 1992, Chemoattraction of zoospores of the soybean pathogen, Phytophthora sojae, by isoflavones, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 40, 17, 10.1016/0885-5765(92)90067-6 Phillips, 2008, New insights into animal pathogenic oomycetes, Trends in Microbiology, 16, 13, 10.1016/j.tim.2007.10.013 Pickering, 1982, Saprolegnia Infections of Salmonid Fish, 271 Pottinger, 1999, A Saprolegnia parasitica challenge system for rainbow trout: assessment of Pyceze as an anti-fungal agent for both fish and ova, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 36, 129, 10.3354/dao036129 Qi, 2009, Probiotics in aquaculture of China – current state, problems and prospect, Aquaculture, 290, 15, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.02.012 Quiniou, 1998, Effects of water temperature on mucous cell distribution in channel catfish epidermis: a factor in winter saprolegniasis, Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 8, 1, 10.1006/fsim.1997.0115 Rand, 1993, Chemotaxis of zoospores of two fish-egg-pathogenic strains of Saprolegnia diclina (Oomycotina: Saprolegniaceae) toward salmonid egg chorion extracts and selected amino acids and sugars, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 5, 240, 10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0240:COZOTF>2.3.CO;2 Rand, 1993, Involvement of zoospores of Saprolegnia diclina (Oomycotina: Saprolegniaceae) in the attachment to and invasion of eggs of brook trout under experimental conditions, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 5, 233, 10.1577/1548-8667(1993)005<0233:IOZOSD>2.3.CO;2 Ribeiro, 1983, Physiology of asexual sporulation and spore germination in Phytophthora, 55 Roberge, 2007, Genome-wide survey of the gene expression response to saprolegniasis in Atlantic salmon, Molecular Immunology, 44, 1374, 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.05.005 Robertson, 2009, Saprolegnia: fish interactions, 407 Romansic, 2009, Effects of the pathogenic water mold Saprolegnia ferax on survival of amphibian larvae, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 83, 187, 10.3354/dao02007 Romansic, 2007, Susceptibility of newly-metamorphosed frogs to a pathogenic water mould (Saprolegnia sp.), Herpetological Journal, 17, 161 Ruthig, 2009, Water molds of the genera Saprolegnia and Leptolegnia are pathogenic to the north American frogs Rana catesbeiana and Pseudacris crucifer, respectively, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 84, 173, 10.3354/dao02042 Sako, 1985, Susceptibility of fish pathogenic viruses, bacteria and fungus to ultraviolet irradiation and the disinfectant effect of U.V. -ozone water steriliser on the pathogens in water, Bulletin of the National Research, 8, 51 Schreier, 1996, Efficacy of formalin, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium chloride on fungal-infected rainbow trout eggs, Aquaculture, 140, 323, 10.1016/0044-8486(95)01182-X Seymour, 1970, The genus Saprolegnia, Nova Hedwigia, 19, 1 Smith, 1985, Infection and colonization of trout eggs by Saprolegniaceae, Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 85, 719, 10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80268-0 Söderhäll, 1991, Isolation of Saprolegnia parasitica from the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus, Aquaculture, 92, 121, 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90014-X Storset, 2007, Response to selection for resistance against infectious pancreatic necrosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), Aquaculture, 272, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.08.011 Straus, 2009, Laboratory dose confirmation of copper sulfate for treating fungus on channel catfish eggs, North American Journal of Aquaculture, 71, 333, 10.1577/A08-058.1 Stueland, 2005, Morphological and physiological characteristics of Saprolegnia spp. strains pathogenic to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., Journal of Fish Diseases, 28, 445, 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00635.x Stukenbrock, 2009, Population genetics of fungal and oomycete effectors involved in gene-for-gene interactions, Molecular Plant–Microbe Interactions, 22, 371, 10.1094/MPMI-22-4-0371 Taylor, 1979, Saprolegnia—control of fungus on incubating eggs of pink salmon by treatment with seawater, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 41, 181, 10.1577/1548-8659(1979)41[181:S]2.0.CO;2 Taylor Francis, 1994, The use of formalin and iodine to control Saprolegnia infections on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, eggs, Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 3, 269, 10.1300/J028v03n03_05 Thoen, 2010, Microwell enumeration of viable Saprolegniaceae in water samples, Mycologia, 102, 478, 10.3852/09-027 Thoen, 2011, Pathogenicity of Saprolegnia spp. to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., eggs, Journal of Fish Diseases, 34, 601, 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01273.x Torto-Alalibo, 2005, Expressed sequence tags from the oomycete fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica reveal putative virulence factors, BMC Microbiology, 5, 46, 10.1186/1471-2180-5-46 Unestam, 1972, 192 Van der Plaats-Niterink, 1981, Monograph of the genus Pythium, Studies in Mycology, 21, 242 van West, 2006, Saprolegnia parasitica, an oomycete pathogen with a fishy appetite: new challenges for an old problem, Mycologist, 20, 99, 10.1016/j.mycol.2006.06.004 van West, 2010, The putative RxLR effector protein SpHtp1 from the fish pathogenic oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica is translocated into fish cells, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 310, 127, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02055.x Verschuere, 2000, Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 64, 655, 10.1128/MMBR.64.4.655-671.2000 Walls, 1987, Aggression and exploitation as mechanisms of competition in larval salamanders, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 2938, 10.1139/z87-446 Warburton, 1998, Transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes associated with zoospore encystment and cyst germination by the phytopathogen Phytophthora parasitica, Fungal Genetics and Biology, 25, 54, 10.1006/fgbi.1998.1086 Wawra, 2013, In vitro translocation experiments with RxLR-reporter fusion proteins of Avr1b from Phytophthora sojae and AVR3a from Phytophthora infestans fail to demonstrate specific autonomous uptake in plant and animal cells, Molecular Plant–Microbe Interactions, 26, 528, 10.1094/MPMI-08-12-0200-R Wawra, 2012, Host-targeting protein 1 (SpHtp1) from the oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica translocates specifically into fish cells in a tyrosine-O-sulphate-dependent manner, PNAS, 109, 2096, 10.1073/pnas.1113775109 Wawra, 2012, Secretion, delivery and function of oomycete effector proteins, Current Opinion in Microbiology, 15, 685, 10.1016/j.mib.2012.10.008 Westman, 1991, The crayfish fishery in Finland, its past, present and future, Finnish Fisheries Research, 12, 187 Whisler, 1996, 58 Willoughby, 1986, Saprolegnia fungus disease of salmonid fish, NERC News Journal, 3, 3 Willoughby, 1986, An ecological study of water as the medium for growth and reproduction of the Saprolegnia from salmonid fish, Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 87, 493, 10.1016/S0007-1536(86)80089-4 Willoughby, 1978, Saprolegnias of salmonid fish in Windermere: a critical analysis, Journal of Fish Diseases, 1, 51, 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1978.tb00005.x Willoughby, 1984, The temperature–growth relationships of Saprolegnia pathogenic to fish, especially eels cultivated in warm water, Nova Hedwigia, 39, 35 Willoughby, 1983, Zoospore germination of Saprolegnia pathogenic to fish, Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 80, 421, 10.1016/S0007-1536(83)80039-4 Willoughby, 1977, Viable Saprolegniaceae spores on the epidermis of the salmonid fish Salmo trutta and Salvelinus alpinus, Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 68, 91, 10.1016/S0007-1536(77)80157-5 Wolinska, 2008, Virulence, cultivating conditions, and phylogenetic analyses of oomycete parasites in Daphnia, Parasitology, 135, 1667, 10.1017/S0031182008005052 Zhan, 2006