Influence of Azores High pressure on Middle Eastern rainfall
Tóm tắt
Several studies demonstrate that North Atlantic Oscillation influences variability of climate over Middle East. We use the centers of action approach for the study of winter rainfall variability over Middle East, taking into account variations in the components of the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Azores High and the Icelandic Low pressure systems. The results show there is a negative relation between the interannual variations of winter rainfall over Middle East and Azores High pressure. The east–west shifts of Indian Ocean high pressure has also impact on precipitation over Middle East, there being more precipitation when the Indian Ocean High shifts eastward versus when it is westward. We present a regression model for Middle East precipitation in which the Azores High pressure and the Indian Ocean High longitude are independent variables and it explains 40 % of the variance of precipitation during 1952–2002. Furthermore, the ongoing decrease in winter precipitation over the Middle East is attributed to the increasing pressure of the Azores High over the same period.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ambaum MHP, Hoskins BJ, Stephenson DB (2001) Arctic Oscillation or North Atlantic Oscillation? J Clim 14:3495–3507
Cullen HM, Kaplan A, Arkin PA, Demenocal P (2002) Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Middle Eastern climate and streamflow. Clim Chang 55:315–338
Eshel G, Farrell CM, Farrell B (2000) Forecasting Eastern Mediterranean droughts. Mon Weather Rev 128:3618–3630
Evan A, Dunion J, Foley J, Heidinger A, Velden C (2006) New evidence for a relationship between Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and African dust outbreaks. Geophys Res Lett 33(19):L19,813. doi:10.1029/2006GL026408
Hameed S, Piontkovski S (2004) The dominant influence of the Icelandic Low on the position of the Gulf Stream northwall. Geophys Res Lett 31:L09303. doi:10.1029/2004GL019561
Hameed S, Iqbal MJ, Rehaman S, Collins D (2011) Impact of the Indian Ocean high pressure system on winter precipitation over Western Australia and Southwest Western Australia. Aust Meteorol Oceanogr J 61:159–170
Held IM, Hou AY (1980) Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly inviscid atmosphere. J Atmos Sci 37:515–533
Hulme M (1994) Validation of large-scale precipitation fields in General Circulation Models. In: Desbois M, Desalmand F (eds) Global precipitation and climate change. NATO ASI Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 387–406
Hurrell JW (1995) Decadal trend in the North Atlantic Oscillation: regional temperatures and precipitation. Science 269:676–679
Kalnay E et al (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77:437–471
Mitas CM, Clement A (2006) Recent behavior of the Hadley cell and tropical thermodynamics in climate models and reanalysis. Geophys Res Lett 33:L01810. doi:10.1029/2005GL024406
Piontkovski S, Hameed S (2002) Precursors of copepod abundance in the Gulf of Maine in atmospheric centers of action and sea surface temperature. Glob Atmos Ocean Syst 8:283–291
Price C, Stone L, Hupper A, Rajagopalan B, Alpert P (1998) A possible link between El Nino and precipitation in Israel. Geophys Res Lett 25(21):3963–3966
Riemer N, Doherty OM, Hameed S (2006) On the variability of African dust transport across the Atlantic. Geophys Res Lett 33:L13814. doi:10.1029/2006GL026163
Rodwell M, Hoskins BJ (2001) Subtropical anticyclones and summer monsoons. J Climate 14:3193–3211
Sankar-Rao M, Lau KM, Yang S (1996) On the relationship between Eurasian snow cover and the Asian summer monsoon. Int J Climatol 16:605–616
Trewartha GT (1961) The earth’s problem climates. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, p 334
Turkes M (1996a) Meteorological drought in Turkey: a historical perspective 1930–1993. Drought Network News 8:17–21
Turkes M (1996b) Spatial and temporal analysis of annual rainfall variations in Turkey. Int J Climatol 16:1057–1076
Türkes M, Erlet E (2007) Influence of the arctic oscillation on the variability of winter mean temperatures in Turkey. Theor Appl Climatol 92(1–2):75–85
Wallace JM (2000) North Atlantic Oscillation/annular mode: two paradigms—one phenomenon. Q J R Meteorol Soc 126:791–805