Pruritus in Kidney Disease

Feldman, 2013, Improving symptom management in hemodialysis patients: identifying barriers and future directions, J Palliat Med, 16, 1528, 10.1089/jpm.2013.0176 Weisbord, 2007, Renal provider recognition of symptoms in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2, 960, 10.2215/CJN.00990207 Weisshaar, 2009, How do nephrologists in haemodialysis units consider the symptom of itch? Results of a survey in Germany, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 24, 1328, 10.1093/ndt/gfn769 Manns, 2014, Setting research priorities for patients on or nearing dialysis, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 9, 1813, 10.2215/CJN.01610214 Davidson, 2010, The multiple pathways for itch and their interactions with pain, Trends Neurosci, 33, 550, 10.1016/j.tins.2010.09.002 Mettang, 2010, Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus, 166 Mathur, 2010, A longitudinal study of uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 5, 1410, 10.2215/CJN.00100110 Aucella, 2009, [Uremic pruritus: an unresolved challenge], G Ital Nefrol, 26, 585 Meyer, 2007, Uremia, N Engl J Med, 357, 1316, 10.1056/NEJMra071313 Pisoni, 2006, Pruritus in haemodialysis patients: International results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), Nephrol Dial Transplant, 21, 3495, 10.1093/ndt/gfl461 Welter Ede, 2011, Evaluating the association between alterations in mineral metabolism and pruritus in hemodialysis patients, An Bras Dermatol, 86, 31 Tessari, 2009, The impact of pruritus on the quality of life of patients undergoing dialysis: a single centre cohort study, J Nephrol, 22, 241 Szepietowski, 2002, Uremic pruritus: a clinical study of maintenance hemodialysis patients, J Dermatol, 29, 621, 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2002.tb00191.x Stahle-Backdahl, 1988, Pruritus in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, Acta Med Scand, 224, 55, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb16738.x Razeghi, 2008, Inflammation and pruritus in hemodialysis patients, Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 19, 62 Mistik, 2006, An epidemiology study of patients with uremic pruritus, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 20, 672, 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01570.x Merkus, 1999, Physical symptoms and quality of life in patients on chronic dialysis: results of The Netherlands Cooperative Study on Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD), Nephrol Dial Transplant, 14, 1163, 10.1093/ndt/14.5.1163 Lopes, 2012, Assessment of the psychological burden associated with pruritus in hemodialysis patients using the kidney disease quality of life short form, Qual Life Res, 21, 603, 10.1007/s11136-011-9964-x Kosmadakis, 2008, Characteristics of uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients: data from a single center, Kidney Int, 74, 962, 10.1038/ki.2008.359 Gilchrest, 1982, Clinical features of pruritus among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, Arch Dermatol, 118, 154, 10.1001/archderm.1982.01650150016012 Chiu, 2008, Association of uraemic pruritus with inflammation and hepatitis infection in haemodialysis patients, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 23, 3685, 10.1093/ndt/gfn303 Altmeyer, 1982, [Skin changes in long-term dialysis patients. clinical study], Hautarzt, 33, 303 Balaskas, 1992, Erythropoietin treatment does not improve uremic pruritus, Perit Dial Int, 12, 330, 10.1177/089686089201200316 Bencini, 1985, Cutaneous abnormalities in uremic patients, Nephron, 40, 316, 10.1159/000183485 Duque, 2006, Uremic pruritus is associated with higher kt/V and serum calcium concentration, Clin Nephrol, 66, 184, 10.5414/CNP66184 Matsumoto, 1985, Pruritus and mast cell proliferation of the skin in end stage renal failure, Clin Nephrol, 23, 285 Melo, 2009, Pruritus in hemodialysis patients: the problem remains, Hemodial Int, 13, 38, 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2009.00346.x Mettang, 1990, Uremic pruritus in patients on hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The role of plasma histamine and skin mast cells, Clin Nephrol, 34, 136 Narita, 2006, Etiology and prognostic significance of severe uremic pruritus in chronic hemodialysis patients, Kidney Int, 69, 1626, 10.1038/sj.ki.5000251 Pauli-Magnus, 2000, Naltrexone does not relieve uremic pruritus: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, J Am Soc Nephrol, 11, 514, 10.1681/ASN.V113514 Young, 1973, Dermatologic evaluation of pruritus in patients on hemodialysis, N Y State J Med, 73, 2670 Kimata, 2014, Pruritus in hemodialysis patients: results from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (JDOPPS), Hemodial Int, 18, 657, 10.1111/hdi.12158 Mettang, 2002, Uraemic pruritus--new perspectives and insights from recent trials, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 17, 1558, 10.1093/ndt/17.9.1558 Murtagh, 2010, Symptoms in the month before death for stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients managed without dialysis, J Pain Symptom Manage, 40, 342, 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.01.021 Yong, 2009, Symptom burden and quality of life in end-stage renal disease: a study of 179 patients on dialysis and palliative care, Palliat Med, 23, 111, 10.1177/0269216308101099 Altmeyer, 1986, [Normalization of uremic skin changes following kidney transplantation], Hautarzt, 37, 217 Ko, 2013, Uremic pruritus, dialysis adequacy, and metabolic profiles in hemodialysis patients: a prospective 5-year cohort study, PLoS One, 8, e71404, 10.1371/journal.pone.0071404 Virga, 2002, Inflammation and pruritus in haemodialysis patients, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 17, 2164, 10.1093/ndt/17.12.2164 Yamamoto, 2009, Depressive symptoms predict the future risk of severe pruritus in haemodialysis patients: Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study, Br J Dermatol, 161, 384, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09088.x Stander, 2013, Pruritus assessment in clinical trials: consensus recommendations from the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI) Special Interest Group Scoring Itch in Clinical Trials, Acta Derm Venereol, 93, 509, 10.2340/00015555-1620 Morton, 1996, Pruritus and skin hydration during dialysis, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 11, 2031, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027092 Karadag, 2014, Effect of baby oil on pruritus, sleep quality, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients: pretest-post-test model with control groups, Jpn J Nurs Sci, 11, 180, 10.1111/jjns.12019 Lin, 2012, Baby oil therapy for uremic pruritus in haemodialysis patients, J Clin Nurs, 21, 139, 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03906.x Breneman, 1992, Topical capsaicin for treatment of hemodialysis-related pruritus, J Am Acad Dermatol, 26, 91, 10.1016/0190-9622(92)70013-6 Makhlough, 2010, Topical capsaicin therapy for uremic pruritus in patients on hemodialysis, Iran J Kidney Dis, 4, 137 Tarng, 1996, Hemodialysis-related pruritus: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of capsaicin 0.025% cream, Nephron, 72, 617, 10.1159/000188949 Young, 2009, A pramoxine-based anti-itch lotion is more effective than a control lotion for the treatment of uremic pruritus in adult hemodialysis patients, J Dermatolog Treat, 20, 76, 10.1080/09546630802441218 Duque, 2005, Lack of efficacy of tacrolimus ointment 0.1% for treatment of hemodialysis-related pruritus: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study, J Am Acad Dermatol, 52, 519, 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.08.050 Kuypers, 2004, A prospective proof of concept study of the efficacy of tacrolimus ointment on uraemic pruritus (UP) in patients on chronic dialysis therapy, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 19, 1895, 10.1093/ndt/gfh202 Pauli-Magnus, 2000, Short-term efficacy of tacrolimus ointment in severe uremic pruritus, Perit Dial Int, 20, 802, 10.1177/089686080002000641 Cheikh Hassan, 2015, Efficacy and safety of gabapentin for uremic pruritus and restless legs syndrome in conservatively managed patients with chronic kidney disease, J Pain Symptom Manage, 49, 782, 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.08.010 Gunal, 2004, Gabapentin therapy for pruritus in haemodialysis patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 19, 3137, 10.1093/ndt/gfh496 Razeghi, 2009, Gabapentin and uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients, Ren Fail, 31, 85, 10.1080/08860220802595476 Tol, 2010, The effects of gabapentin therapy on pruritus, quality of life, depression and sleep quality in pruritic hemodialysis patients, Trakya Univ Tip Fak Derg, 27, 1 Aperis, 2010, The use of pregabalin in the treatment of uraemic pruritus in haemodialysis patients, J Ren Care, 36, 180, 10.1111/j.1755-6686.2010.00190.x Solak, 2012, Pregabalin versus gabapentin in the treatment of neuropathic pruritus in maintenance haemodialysis patients: a prospective, crossover study, Nephrology (Carlton), 17, 710, 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01655.x Schwartz, 1999, Uraemic pruritus, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 14, 834, 10.1093/ndt/14.4.834 Cho, 1997, Uremic pruritus: roles of parathyroid hormone and substance P, J Am Acad Dermatol, 36, 538, 10.1016/S0190-9622(97)70240-8 Denman, 1986, A review of pruritus, J Am Acad Dermatol, 14, 375, 10.1016/S0190-9622(86)70047-9 Greaves, 2005, Itch in systemic disease: therapeutic options, Dermatol Ther, 18, 323, 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.00036.x Murphy, 2000, Renal itch, Clin Exp Dermatol, 25, 103, 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00587.x Lugon, 2005, Uremic pruritus: a review, Hemodial Int, 9, 180, 10.1111/j.1492-7535.2005.01130.x Weisshaar, 2004, Antipruritic effects of two different 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and an antihistamine in haemodialysis patients, Exp Dermatol, 13, 298, 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00184.x Peer, 1996, Randomised crossover trial of naltrexone in uraemic pruritus, Lancet, 348, 1552, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)04176-1 Kumagai, 2012, Efficacy and safety of a novel k-agonist for managing intractable pruritus in dialysis patients, Am J Nephrol, 36, 175, 10.1159/000341268 Wikstrom, 2005, Kappa-opioid system in uremic pruritus: multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies, J Am Soc Nephrol, 16, 3742, 10.1681/ASN.2005020152 Gilchrest, 1979, Ultraviolet phototherapy of uremic pruritus, Int J Dermatol, 18, 741, 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1979.tb05011.x Gilchrest, 1977, Relief of uremic pruritus with ultraviolet phototherapy, N Engl J Med, 297, 136, 10.1056/NEJM197707212970304 Gilchrest, 1979, Ultraviolet phototherapy of uremic pruritus. Long-term results and possible mechanism of action, Ann Intern Med, 91, 17, 10.7326/0003-4819-91-1-17 Tan, 1991, Identifying effective treatments for uremic pruritus, J Am Acad Dermatol, 25, 811, 10.1016/S0190-9622(08)80975-9 Ko, 2011, Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for patients with refractory uraemic pruritus: a randomized controlled trial, Br J Dermatol, 165, 633, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10448.x Kim, 2010, Acupuncture for treating uremic pruritus in patients with end-stage renal disease: a systematic review, J Pain Symptom Manage, 40, 117, 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.11.325 Acologix, A randomized-withdrawal phase 3 study evaluation the Inc. safety and efficacy of oral nalfurafine HCl (AC-820) in subjects on hemodialysis with uremic pruritus (renal itch). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000- [cited 2014 Nov 9]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00793156. NLM identifier: NCT00793156. Trevi Therapeutics. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, 3-arm study of the safety and anti-pruritic efficacy of nalbuphine HCl ER tablets in hemodialysis patients with uremic pruritus. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000- [cited 2014 Nov 9]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02143648. NLM identifier: NCT02143648. Cara Therapeutics, Inc. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous CR845 in hemodialysis patients, and its safety and efficacy in hemodialysis patients with uremic pruritus. In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000- [cited 2014 Nov 9]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02229929. NLM identifier: NCT02229929. Tey, 2011, Targeted treatment of pruritus: a look into the future, Br J Dermatol, 165, 5, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10217.x Feramisco, 2010, Innovative management of pruritus, Dermatol Clin, 28, 467, 10.1016/j.det.2010.03.004 Ki D. Pruritus in uremia: protocol. The Joanna Briggs Institute; South Australia: 2013. Manenti, 2009, Uraemic pruritus: clinical characteristics, pathophysiology and treatment, Drugs, 69, 251, 10.2165/00003495-200969030-00002 Reich, 2012, Visual analogue scale: evaluation of the instrument for the assessment of pruritus, Acta Derm Venereol, 92, 497, 10.2340/00015555-1265 Phan, 2012, Assessment of pruritus intensity: prospective study on validity and reliability of the visual analogue scale, numerical rating scale and verbal rating scale in 471 patients with chronic pruritus, Acta Derm Venereol, 92, 502, 10.2340/00015555-1246 Elman, 2010, The 5-D itch scale: a new measure of pruritus, Br J Dermatol, 162, 587, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09586.x Blome, 2009, Measuring patient-relevant benefits in pruritus treatment: development and validation of a specific outcomes tool, Br J Dermatol, 161, 1143, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09328.x