Die Bedeutung von GABAA-Rezeptoren für Pathophysiologie und Therapie der Panikstörung
Tóm tắt
Gamma-Aminobuttersäure (GABA) ist der wichtigste inhibitorische Neurotransmitter im Zentralnervensystem. Eine Dysfunktion von GABAA-Rezeptoren spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathophysiologie der Panikstörung. Allgemein bekannt ist die klinische Wirksamkeit von Benzodiazepinen in der Therapie der Panikstörung, Nebenwirkungen limitieren allerdings den Einsatz als Langzeittherapie. Antidepressiva, insbesondere selektive Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer, stellen Mittel der ersten Wahl in der Pharmakotherapie der Panikstörung dar. Neuere Untersuchungen konnten zeigen, dass die Erhöhung endogener GABA durch Blockade der GABA-Transaminase mit Vigabatrin oder durch Inhibition von GABA-Transportern mit Tiagabin ebenfalls anxiolytische Eigenschaften entfaltet. Diese neue Interventionsstrategie an der GABA-Bindungsstelle des GABAA-/Benzodiazepin-Rezeptor-Komplexes sowie Agonisten für die Benzodiazepinbindungsstelle mit Selektivität für bestimmte Untereinheiten des Rezeptors stellen interessante neuartige Perspektiven für die Weiterentwicklung der Pharmakotherapie der Panikstörung dar.
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