Heat release rate: The single most important variable in fire hazard

1988

Troitzsch, 1990

Tests for flammability of plastic materials for parts in devices and appliances (UL 94). Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook.

Standard method of test for flammability of plastics using the oxygen index method (ASTM D 2863). American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

Woolson, 1902, A new method of testing fire-resisting qualities of fireproofed wood, Engineering News, 47, 48

Dunlap, 1927, Standard fire tests for combustible building materials, 27, 534

Freeman, 1906, On the safeguarding of life in theaters, Trans. ASME, 27, 71

1936

1938, 32, 93

1940

Steiner, 1943, Method of fire-hazard classification of building materials, ASTM Bulletin, 19

Standard test method for surface burning characteristics of building materials (E 84). American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

Levin, 1982, Further development of a test method for the assessment of the acute inhalation toxicity of combustion products (NBSIR 82-2532), [US] Natl. Bur. Stand.

1984

Snell, 1984

Bukowski, R. W. & Jones, W. W., The development of a method for assessing toxic hazard. Fire J., 79, 24–26, 28–29, 82.

Bukowski, 1986, Quantitative determination of smoke toxicity hazard—a practical approach for current use, 1089

Bukowski, 1984, Strawman procedure for assessing toxic hazard

Lawson, 1985, Slide-rule estimates of fire growth (NBSIR 85-3196), [US] Natl. Bur. Stand.

Bukowski, 1985, Toxic hazard evaluation of plenum cables, Fire Technology, 21, 252, 10.1007/BF01103583

Nelson, 1986, ‘Fireform’—a computerized collection of convenient fire safety computations (NBSIR 86-3308), [US] Natl. Bur. Stand.

Chitty, 1988

Cooper, 1982, A mathematical model for estimating safe egress time in fires, Fire and Materials, 6, 135, 10.1002/fam.810060307

Babrauskas, 1979, COMPF2—a program for calculating post-flashover fire temperatures (Tech Note 991), [US] Natl. Bur. Stand.

Mitler, 1981, Documentation for CFC V, the Fifth Harvard Computer Fire Code (NBS GCR 81-344), [US] Natl. Bur. Stand.

Tanaka, 1983, A model of multiroom fire spread (NBSIR 83-2718), [US] Natl. Bur. Stand.

Gahm, 1983, Computer Fire Code VI, Vol. I (NBS GCR 83-451)

Nelson, 1985, Jefferson National Memorial historical site analysis of impact of fire safety features (NBSIR 84-2897), [US] Natl. Bur. Stand.

Bukowski, 1985, Evaluation of furniture fire hazard using a hazard-assessment computer model, Fire and Materials, 9, 159, 10.1002/fam.810090403

Emmons, 1985, Why fire model? The MGM Fire and Toxicity Testing, The 1985 SFPE Guise Award Lecture, Harvard/FMRC Home Fire Project Technical Report No. 73

Committee on Fire Toxicology, National Research Council, 1986, FIRE & SMOKE: Understanding the Hazards, 105

Thompson, 1959, The FM construction materials calorimeter, NFPA Q., 52, 186

1989

Standard test method for heat and visible smoke release rates for materials and products (ASTM E 906). American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

Sauer, 1985, Mathematical model of a ventilation controlled compartment fire, J. Fire Sci., 1, 235, 10.1177/073490418300100403

Parker, 1977, An investigation of the fire environment in the ASTM E-84 tunnel test, NBS Technical Note 945

Sensenig, 1980, An oxygen consumption technique for determining the contribution of interior wall finishes to room fires (NBS Technical Note 1128), [US] Natl. Bur. Stand.

Parker, 1982, Calculations of the heat release rate by oxygen consumption for various applications (NBSIR 81-2427), [US] Natl. Bur. Stand.

Tewarson, 1975

Babrauskas, 1989, The rational development of bench-scale fire tests for full-scale fire prediction, 813

Fitzgerald, 1978, Quantification of fires: 1. Energy kinetics of burning in a dynamic room size calorimeter, J. Fire and Flammability, 9, 510

1982

Peacock, 1991, Analysis of large-scale fire test data, Fire Safety J., 17, 387, 10.1016/0379-7112(91)90019-U

Babrauskas, 1988, Effective measurement techniques for heat, smoke, and toxic fire gases, 4.1

Bukowski, 1989

Peacock, 1990, A prototype methodology for fire hazard analysis, Fire Technology, 26, 15, 10.1007/BF01040188

Babrauskas, 1988, Fire Hazard Comparison of Fire-Retarded and Non-Fire-Retarded Products (NBS Special Publication SP 749)

Drysdale, 1985

Draft International Standard—Fire Tests—Reaction to Fire—Rate of Heat Release from Building Products (ISO DIS 5660). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.

1990

Babrauskas, 1990, New test methods for assessing smoke, toxic products, corrosive products, and heat release in fires, 20

1989

1987

Babrauskas, 1985, Fire Behavior of Upholstered Furniture (NBS Monograph 173)

Wickström, 1987, Prediction of heat release rates of large scale room fire tests based on cone calorimeter results, J. Testing and Evaluation, 15, 364, 10.1520/JTE11035J

Mitler, 1989, Algorithm for the mass-loss rate of a burning wall, 179

Clearly, A framework for utilizing fire property tests