Predictors of willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC): Toward an integrated L2 WTC model from the socio‐psychological perspective

Foreign Language Annals - Tập 55 Số 1 - Trang 258-282 - 2022
Xiaobao Wei1, Qingyi Xu1
1School of Foreign Languages, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China

Tóm tắt

Abstract

This study takes the initiative to use structural equation modeling to verify an integrated willingness to communicate in an L2 (L2 WTC) model proposed from the socio‐psychological perspective in the China's English as a second language context. A total of 1007 college freshmen (Male: n = 745; Female: n = 262) from eight universities in mainland China completed six adapted versions of questionnaires concerning L2 learners’ perception of teachers’ emotional support, the ideal L2 self, the ought‐to L2 self, the acculturation to L2 culture, L2 anxiety, and L2 WTC. It was found that the perceived teachers’ emotional support had a direct effect on L2 WTC and an indirect effect through the ideal L2 self, the ought‐to L2 self and the acculturation to L2 culture. It was also found that, although both the ideal L2 self and the ought‐to L2 self were positively related to L2 WTC, the total impact from the ideal L2 self on L2 WTC was much stronger than that of the ought‐to L2 self, with the ideal L2 self contributing more to L2 WTC through the acculturation to L2 culture while the ought‐to L2 self exerting less impact on L2 WTC by arousing higher level of L2 anxiety. Furthermore, this study added to the current literature by showing that the acculturation to L2 culture, which was significantly predicted by the perceived teachers’ emotional support and the L2 ideal self, enhanced the learners’ L2 WTC directly and indirectly by arousing lower level of L2 anxiety. Based on these results, pedagogical significance and implications for further research were suggested.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Afsaneh G., 2016, Motivational dimension of willingness to communicate in L2: The impacts of criterion measure, ideal L2 self, family influence, and attitudes to L2 culture, International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 5, 13

10.2307/1127388

Ainsworth M. D. S., 1978, Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation, 378

Bowlby J., 1969, Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment

Bowlby J., 1973, Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation, anxiety and anger

Bredekamp S., 1997, Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood education

10.5430/ijhe.v6n4p229

Byrne B. M., 2010, Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming

Chu H.‐N. &Schallert D. L.(2008).Shyness and EFL learning in Taiwan: A study of shy and non‐shy college students’ use of strategies foreign language anxiety motivation and willingness to communicate[ProQuest Dissertations Publishing].http://search.proquest.com/docview/304473162

10.1177/0261927X03022002003

10.1111/j.0026-7902.2005.00263.x

Culhane S. F., 2004, An intercultural interaction model: Acculturation attitudes in second language acquisition, Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 1, 50

10.1177/1028315306287002

10.1142/9789812774651_0001

Dörnyei Z., 1994, Understanding second language motivation: On with the challenge!, Modern Language Journal, 79, 505

Dörnyei Z., 2005, The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition

10.21832/9781847691293-003

10.21832/9781853598876

Dörnyei Z., 2011, Teaching and researching motivation

10.1177/0272431614564059

Fushino K.(2009).Measuring Japanese university students’ readiness for second‐language group work and its relation to willingness to communicate. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences 69(8‐A) 3009.

Gao Y., 2010, Influential factors in oral English learning, Asian Social Science, 6, 70

Gardner R. C., 1979, Language and social psychology

10.1177/0261927X8300200101

Gardner R. C., 1960, Motivational variables in second‐language acquisition, Canadian Journal of Psychology, 13, 26

10.1111/j.1540-4781.1997.tb05495.x

Ghonsooly B., 2014, Examining the relationships between willingness to communicate in English, communication confidence, and classroom environment, International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 3, 63

10.1177/0261927X12438538

10.1016/j.system.2008.11.006

10.1016/j.system.2016.01.001

Hamre B. K., 2007, School readiness and the transition to kindergarten in the era of accountability, 49

Hashimoto Y., 2002, Motivation and willingness to communicate as predictors of reported L2 use: The Japanese ESL context, Second Language Studies, 20, 29

10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319

10.1111/j.1540-4781.1986.tb05256.x

10.1007/s42321-019-00031-4

10.1007/s11218-018-9475-5

10.1016/j.lindif.2016.11.005

10.32601/ejal.461012

10.1016/j.system.2004.10.004

10.1002/pits.20206

10.1080/01434632.2017.1284853

10.1002/tesq.204

10.1017/S0272263117000304

10.1016/j.system.2014.07.007

10.1177/026553229801500302

10.1016/j.system.2021.102503

10.1080/03054985.2019.1642187

10.1007/s10936-019-09675-6

10.1080/21548331.1967.11707799

10.1177/0033294117692808

10.18806/tesl.v26i2.415

10.1111/j.1540-4781.2007.00623.x

10.1017/S0272263101003035

10.1111/1467-9922.00194

10.1177/0261927X960151001

10.1111/j.1540-4781.1998.tb05543.x

10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01103.x

MacKinnon D. P., 2008, Introduction to statistical mediation analysis

10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.954

McCroskey J. C., 1987, Personality and interpersonal communication, 129

10.4304/tpls.3.11.2036-2045

10.1111/modl.12193

Norton B., 2000, Identity and language learning: Gender, ethnicity, and educational change

10.1080/09720073.2015.11891637

Öz H., 2016, Research papers on teaching English as an additional language, 163

Öz H., 2018, The relationship between L2 motivational self‐system and willingness to communicate in learning English as a foreign language, Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14, 1

10.1016/j.lindif.2014.12.009

10.1016/j.system.2010.06.011

10.1007/s40299-014-0195-0

10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00576.x

10.1111/j.1540-4781.1992.tb02573.x

10.1016/j.ecresq.2008.02.001

Piasetski L.(2001). Classroom ambiance to facilitate foreign language acquisition.http://www.iteslj.org/Articles/L.Piasetski.Html

10.1002/job.81

10.3758/BF03206553

10.1016/j.system.2018.02.002

10.1037/0022-3514.79.1.49

Shahsavani S., 2014, On the relationship between willingness to communicate and identity processing styles of the Iranian advanced EFL learners, International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, 5, 57

Sick J.(2001). Willingness to communicate as an object of classroom assessment.Pacific Second Language Research Forum Honolulu HI.

Spielberger C. D., 1983, Manual for the State‐trait Anxiety Inventory

10.21832/9781847691293-005

Takeuchi O., 2012, Validating the L2 motivational self system in a Japanese EFL context: The interplay of L2 motivation, L2 anxiety, self‐efficacy, and the perceived amount of information, Language Education & Technology, 49, 1

10.1017/S0272263116000243

10.1093/applin/ami046

Ueki M.(2010).L2 communication anxiety levels in relation to different communication partners: An empirical study in Japanese EFL classrooms. The 36th National Conference of Japan Society of English Language Education Osaka.

10.1016/j.system.2021.102529

Yang H., 2012, Language anxiety, acculturation, and L2 self: A relational analysis in the Taiwanese cultural context, Electronic, Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 9, 183

10.1111/1540-4781.00136

10.1111/j.1467-9922.2004.00250.x

10.1111/j.1944-9720.1992.tb00524.x

Yu W., 2011, An investigation into acculturation strategies of Chinese students in Germany, Intercultural Communication Studies, 20, 190

10.1016/j.system.2013.12.014

10.1016/j.lindif.2021.101981

10.1080/09658416.2019.1620755