Simultaneous Conversion of Triglyceride/Free Fatty Acid Mixtures into Biodiesel Using Sulfated Zirconia

Topics in Catalysis - Tập 53 - Trang 773-782 - 2010
Dussadee Rattanaphra1, Adam Harvey2, Penjit Srinophakun1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
2School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Tóm tắt

Simultaneous transesterification and esterification of rapeseed oil with methanol in the presence of myristic acid was investigated. The effect of reaction temperature (120, 150 and 170 °C) and the effect of initial free fatty acid content in oil (0, 10 and 20 wt%) on reaction rate were studied. The catalysts were found to increase the rate of all reactions. Sulfated zirconia prepared by a solvent-free method exhibited higher activity in simultaneous reaction than the conventional method. The presence of 10 wt% free fatty acids in the triglyceride increased the reaction rate and the final total fatty acid methyl esters content, and suggests that a “non-catalytic” reaction may be feasible.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Meher LC, Sagar DV, Naik SN (2006) Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification—a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 10:248–268 Kulkarni MG, Dalai AK (2006) Waste cooking oil-an economical source for biodiesel: a review. Ind Eng Chem Res 45:2901–2913 Zhang Y, Dube MA, Mclean DD, Kates M (2003) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: 1 process design and technological assessment. Bioresour Technol 89:1–16 Lopez DE, Goodwin JG Jr, Bruce DA, Furuta S (2008) Esterification and transesterification using modified-zirconia catalysts. Appl Catal A 339:1–16 Behzadi S, Farid MM (2007) Review: examining the use of different feedstock for the production of biodiesel. Asia Pac J Chem Eng 2:480–486 Suwannakarn K, Lotero E, Goodwin JG Jr, Lu C (2008) Stability of sulfated zirconia and the nature of the catalytically active species in the transesterification of triglycerides. J Catal 255:279–286 Yadav GD, Nair JJ (1999) Selective engineering in the nitration of chlorobenzene using eclectically engineered sulfated zirconia and carbon molecular sieve catalysts. Catal Lett 62:49–52 Kiss AA, Dimian AC, Rothenberg G (2006) Solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production—towards sustainable energy. Adv Synth Catal 348:75–81 Jitputti J, Kitiyanan B, Rangsunvigit P, Bunyakiat K, Attanatho L, Jenvanitpanjakul P (2006) Transesterification of crude palm kernel oil and crude coconut oil by different solid catalysts. Chem Eng J 116:61–66 Garcia CM, Teixeira LLM, Schuchardt U (2008) Transesterification of soybean oil catalysed by sulfated zirconia. Bioresour Technol 99(14):6608–6613 Sun Y, Ma S, Du Y, Yuan L, Wang S, Yang J, Dang F, Xiao FS (2005) Solvent-free preparation of nanosized sulfated zirconia with Brønsted acidic sites from a simple calcination. J Phys Chem B 109:2567–2572 Yadav GD, Nair JJ (1999) Sulfated zirconia and its modified version as promising catalysts for industrial processes. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 33:1–48 Ma F, Hanna MA (1999) Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresour Technol 70:1–15 Li BJ, Deng F, Zhang HL, Fang HJ, Yu HG (2009) Acidity of sulfated tin oxide and sulfated zirconia: a view from solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Catal Commun 10(6):920–924 He C, Baoxiang P, Dezheng W, Jinfu W (2007) Biodiesel production by the transesterification of cottonseed oil by solid acid catalysts. Front Chem Eng China 1(1):11–15 Omota F, Dimian AC, Bliek A (2003) Fatty acid esterification by reactive distillation: part 2—kinetics-based design for sulphated zirconia catalysts. Chem Eng Sci 58:3175–3185 Kulkarni MG, Gopinath R, Meher LC, Dalai AK (2006) Solid acid catalysed biodiesel production by simultaneous esterification and transesterification. Green Chem 8:1056–1062 Jacobson K, Gopinath R, Meher LC, Dalai AK (2008) Solid acid catalyzed biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Appl Catal A 85:86–91 Yan S, Salley SO, Ng KYS (2009) Simultaneous transesterification and esterification of unrefined or waste oils over ZnO-La2O3. Appl Catal A 353(2):203–212 Peng BX, Shu Q, Wang JF, Wang GR, Wang DZ, Han MH (2008) Biodiesel production from waste oil feedstocks by solid acid catalysis. Process Saf Environ Prot 86:441–447 Barakos N, Pasias S, Papayannakos N (2008) Transesterification of triglycerides in high and low quality oil feeds over an HT2 hydrotalcite catalyst. Bioresour Technol 99:5037–5042