Opiate antagonists reduce cocaine but not nicotine self-administration
Tóm tắt
Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine in 1-h sessions on a fixed ratio 5 (FR5) schedule of reinforcement. Acquisition was carried out at a unit dose of 0.3 mg/kg and responding was then stabilized at cocaine doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg/infusion. Pretreatments with naltrexone (0.1–10 mg/kg, SC) 20 min prior to the start of self-administration sessions resulted in decreases in cocaine self-administration at doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/infusion, but not at 1.0 mg/kg/infusion. Decreases depended on the dose of naltrexone used, with greater decreases in self-administration occurring at higher antagonist doses. In addition, treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone also reduced cocaine self-administration at a unit dose of 0.3 mg/kg. A group of rats trained to self-administer nicotine at a dose of 0.03 mg/kg/infusion on the same schedule of reinforcement was unaffected by naltrexone treatment. These results may indicate that an endogenous opiate system plays a role in cocaine reinforcement.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Brown DR, Holtzman SG (1979) Suppression of deprivation-induced food and water intake in rats and mice by naloxone. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 11:567–573
Carroll ME, Lac ST, Walker J, Kragh R, Newman T (1986) Effects of naltrexone on intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats during food satiation and deprivation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 238:1–7
CCAC (1980) Guide to the care and use of experimental animals. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, p 84
Corrigall WA (1991) A rodent model for nicotine self-administration. In: Boulton AA, Baker GB, Wu PH (eds) Animal models of drug addiction. Neuromethods, vol 21. Humana Press, Califton (in press)
Corrigall WA, Coen KM (1989) Nicotine maintains robust self-administration in rats on a limited-access schedule. Psychopharmacology 99:473–478
Cunningham KA, Appel JP (1982) Discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine and phencyclidine: similarities in the mechanism of action. In: Colpaert FC, Slangen JL (eds) Drug discrimination: Applications in CNS pharmacology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 181–192
De Vry J, Donselaar I, Van Ree JM (1989) Food deprivation and acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats: effect of naltrexone and haloperidol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 251:735–740
Ettenberg A, Pettit HO, Bloom FE, Koob GF (1982) Heroin and cocaine intravenous self-administration in rats: mediation by separate neural systems. Psychopharmacology 78:204–209
Galloway MP (1988) Neurochemical interaction of cocaine with dopaminergic systems. TIPS 9:451–454
Gawin H, Allen D, Humblestone B (1989) Outpatient treatment of “crack” cocaine smoking with flupenthixol decanoate. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:322–325
Goldberg SR, Woods JH, Schuster CR (1971) Nalorphine-induced changes in morphine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 176:464–471
Harris RA, Snell D (1980) Interactions between naltrexone and non-opiate drugs evaluated by schedule-controlled behavior. Neuropharmacology 19:1087–1093
Houdi AA, Bardo MT, van Loon GR (1989) Opioid mediation of cocaine-induced hyperactivity and reinforcement. Brain Res 497:195–198
Johanson CE, Fischman MW (1989) The pharmacology of cocaine related to its abuse. Pharmacol Rev 41:3–52
Killian AK, Bonese K, Schuster CR (1978) The effects of naloxone on behavior maintained by cocaine and heroin injections in the rhesus monkey. Drug Alcohol Depend 3:243–251
Koob GF, Le HT, Creese I (1987) The D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390 increases cocaine self-administration in the rat. Neurosci Lett 79:315–320
Linseman MA (1989) Central vs peripheral mediation of opioid effects on alcohol consumption in free-feeding rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 33:407–413
Mello HK, Mendelson JH, Bree MP, Lucas SE (1989) Buprenorphine suppresses cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys. Science 245:859–862
Nemeth-Coslett R, Griffiths RR (1986) Naloxone does not affect cigarette smoking. Psychopharmacology 89:261–264
Ritz MC, Lamb RJ, Goldberg SR, Kuhar MJ (1987) Cocaine receptors on dopamine transporters are related to self-administration of cocaine. Science 237:1219–1223
Roberts DCS, Koob GF, Klonoff P, Fibiger HC (1980) Extinction and recovery of cocaine self-administration following 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 12:781–787
Woolverton WL (1986) Effects of a D1 and a D2 dopamine antagonist on the self-administration of cocaine and piribedil by rhesus monkeys. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 24:531–535