Protective effect of naringin against ischemic reperfusion cerebral injury: Possible neurobehavioral, biochemical and cellular alterations in rat brain

Allen, 1995, Changes of respiratory chain activity in mitochondrial and synaptosomal fractions isolated from the gerbil brain after graded ischaemia, J. Neurochem., 64, 2222, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64052222.x Almeida, 1995, Effect of reperfusion following cerebral ischaemia on the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the gerbil brain, J. Neurochem., 65, 1698, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65041698.x Alonso, 2002, Effects of oxygen and glucose deprivation on the expression and distribution of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthases and on protein nitration in rat cerebral cortex, J. Comp. Neurol., 443, 183, 10.1002/cne.10111 Bederson, 1986, Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination, Stroke, 17, 472, 10.1161/01.STR.17.3.472 Berman, 1999, Dopamine oxidation alters mitochondrial respiration and induces permeability transition in brain mitochondria: implications for Parkinson's disease, J. Neurochem., 73, 1127, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731127.x Bok, 1999, Plasma and hepatic cholesterol and hepatic activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase and Acyl CoA: cholesterol transferase are lower in rats fed citrus peel extract or a mixture of citrus bioflavonoids, J. Nutr., 129, 1182, 10.1093/jn/129.6.1182 Bromont, 1989, Increased lipid peroxidation in vulnerable brain regions after transient forebrain ischemia in rats, Stroke, 20, 918, 10.1161/01.STR.20.7.918 Chemerinski, 2000, The neuropsychiatry of stroke, Psychosomatics, 41, 5, 10.1016/S0033-3182(00)71168-6 Chen, 1990, Flavonoids as superoxide scavengers and antioxidants, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 9, 19, 10.1016/0891-5849(90)90045-K Choe, 2001, Naringin as an anti-atherogenic effect with the inhibition of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 38, 947, 10.1097/00005344-200112000-00017 Choi, 2001, Effect of naringin supplementation on cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status in rats fed high cholesterol with different levels of vitamin E, Ann. Nutr. Metab., 45, 193, 10.1159/000046729 Cramer, 2008, Neurological progress repairing the human brain after stroke: I mechanisms of spontaneous recovery, Ann. Neurol., 63, 272, 10.1002/ana.21393 Cruz, 2003, Glutathione in cognitive function and neurodegeneration, Rev. Neurol., 36, 877 del Zoppo, 2006, Stroke and neurovascular protection, N. Eng. J. Med., 354, 553, 10.1056/NEJMp058312 Dobkin, 1991, The rehabilitation of elderly stroke patients, Clin. Geriatr. Med., 7, 507, 10.1016/S0749-0690(18)30536-6 Ellman, 1959, Tissue sulfhydryl groups, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 82, 70, 10.1016/0003-9861(59)90090-6 Feeney, 1981, Responses to cortical injury: I. Methodology and local effects of contusions in the rat, Brain Res., 211, 67, 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90067-6 Gornall, 1949, Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction, J. Biol. Chem., 177, 751, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)57021-6 Green, 1982, Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and (15N) nitrate in biological fluids, Anal. Biochem., 126, 131, 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-X Habig, 1974, Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation, J. Biol. Chem., 249, 7130, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42083-8 Higashimoto, 1998, Inhibitory effects of citrus fruits on the mutagenicity of 1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid treated with nitrite in the presence of ethanol, Mutat. Res., 415, 219, 10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00079-5 Hunter, 2000, Functional assessments in mice and rats after focal stroke, Neuropharmacology, 39, 806, 10.1016/S0028-3908(99)00262-2 Jagetia, 2002, The grapefruit flavonone naringin, protects against the radiation-induced genomic instability in the mice bone marrow: a micronucleus study, Mutat. Res., 519, 37, 10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00111-0 Jenkins, 1981, The role of postischemic recirculation in the development of ischemic neuronal injury following complete cerebral ischemia, Acta Neuropathol., 55, 205, 10.1007/BF00691320 Jeon, 2001, Antioxidative activity of naringin and lovastatin in high cholesterol-fed rabbits, Life Sci., 69, 2855, 10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01363-7 Jeon, 2004, Antihypercholesterolaemic property of naringin alters plasma and tissue lipids, cholesterol-regulating enzymes, fecal sterol and tissue morphology in rabbits, Clin. Nutr., 23, 1025, 10.1016/j.clnu.2004.01.006 Jeyaseelan, 2008, Neuroprotectants in stroke therapy, Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 9, 887, 10.1517/14656566.9.6.887 Jingtao, 1999, Changes in cerebral blood flow and blood brain barrier in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following repeated brief cerebral ischemia, Med. Electron Microsc., 32, 175, 10.1007/s007950050025 Jung, 2003, Naringin supplementation lowers plasma lipids and enhances erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in hypercholesterolemic subjects, Clin. Nutr., 22, 561, 10.1016/S0261-5614(03)00059-1 Kim, 1998, Intestinal bacterial metabolism of flavonoids and its relation to some biological activities, Arch. Pharmacol. Res., 21, 17, 10.1007/BF03216747 King, 1967, Preparation of succinate dehydrogenase and reconstitution of succinate oxidase, Methods Enzymol., 10, 322, 10.1016/0076-6879(67)10061-X King, 1967, Preparations and properties of soluble NADH dehydrogenases from cardiac muscle, Methods Enzymol., 10, 275, 10.1016/0076-6879(67)10055-4 Kondo, 1997, Reduction of CuZn-superoxide dismutase activity exacerbates neuronal cell injury and edema formation after transient focal cerebral ischemia, J. Neurosci., 17, 4180, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04180.1997 Kono, 1978, Generation of superoxide radical during autoxidation of hydroxylamine and an assay for superoxide dismutase, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 186, 189, 10.1016/0003-9861(78)90479-4 Luck, 1971, 885 Madl, 2004, Brain function after resuscitation from cardiac arrest, Curr. Opin. Crit. Care, 10, 213, 10.1097/01.ccx.0000127542.32890.fa Maher, 2005, The effects of stress and aging on glutathione metabolism, Ageing Res. Rev., 4, 288, 10.1016/j.arr.2005.02.005 Marchand, 2000, Intake of flavonoids and lung cancer, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92, 154, 10.1093/jnci/92.2.154 Maxwell, 1995, Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies, Drugs, 49, 345, 10.2165/00003495-199549030-00003 McCord, 1985, Oxygen-derived free radicals in postischemic tissue injury, N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 159, 10.1056/NEJM198501173120305 Mosmann, 1983, Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, J. Immunol. Methods, 65, 55, 10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4 Mukherjee, 2007, Protective effect of biflavones from Araucaria bidwillii Hook in rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative stress, Behav. Brain Res., 178, 221, 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.12.025 Nelson, 1994, Acute disruption of cytochrome oxidase activity in brain in a perinatal rat stroke model, Pediatr. Res., 36, 12, 10.1203/00006450-199407001-00003 Reddy, 1998, Possible role of nitric oxide in the nootropic and antiamnesic effects of neurosteroids on aging and dizocilpine-induced learning impairment, Brain Res., 799, 215, 10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00419-3 Rehni, 2007, Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in ischemic postconditioning-induced attenuation of cerebral ischemia-evoked behavioral deficits in mice, Pharmacol. Rep., 59, 192 Ryter, 2005, Heme oxygenase-1: redox regulation of a stress protein in lung and cell culture models, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 7, 80, 10.1089/ars.2005.7.80 Seif-El-Nasr, 1995, Lipid peroxide, phospholipids, glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity in rat brain after ischaemia: effect of Ginkgo biloba extract, Pharmacol. Res., 32, 273, 10.1016/S1043-6618(05)80014-3 Shaheen, 1996, Influence of verapamil on the efficacy of vitamin E in preventing the ischemia-reperfusion-induced biochemical dearrangement in cerebral cortex of rat, Arzneimittel-Forschung, 46, 670 Sims, 1991, Selective impairment of respiration in mitochondria isolated from brain sub regions following transient forebrain ischemia in the rat, J. Neurochem., 56, 1836, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03438.x Sottocasa, 1967, An electron-transport system associated with the outer membrane of liver mitochondria. A biochemical and morphological study, J. Cell. Biol., 32, 415, 10.1083/jcb.32.2.415 Swiader, 1996, Flavonoids of rare Artemesia species and their antifungal properties, Fitoterapia, 67, 77 Tsai, 1999, Suppression of nitric oxide synthase and the down-regulation of the activation of NFkappaB in macrophages by resveratrol, Br. J. Pharmacol., 126, 673, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702357 Vanella, 1990, Lipid peroxidation in rat cerebral cortex during post-ischemic reperfusion: effect of exogenous antioxidants and Ca++-antagonist drugs, Ital. J. Biochem., 39, 196A Wills, 1966, Mechanism of lipid peroxide formation in animal tissues, Biochem. J., 99, 667, 10.1042/bj0990667 Xia, 1995, Substrate control of free radical generation from xanthine oxidase in the postischemic heart, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 18797, 10.1074/jbc.270.32.18797 Yan, 2007, Quetiapine attenuates spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mice, Life Sci., 81, 353, 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.05.020 Zahler, 1968, A specific and sensitive assay for disulfides, J. Biol. Chem., 243, 716, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81724-6