The Southwest Australian Floristic Region: Evolution and Conservation of a Global Hot Spot of Biodiversity

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 35 Số 1 - Trang 623-650 - 2004
Stephen D. Hopper1, Paul Gioia2
1Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005; Australia and Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley Western Australia, 6009;
2Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Conservation and Land Management, Bentley Delivery Center, Western Australia 6983;

Tóm tắt

▪ Abstract  Like South Africa's Greater Cape Floristic Region, the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) is species rich, with a Mediterranean climate and old, weathered, nutrient-deficient landscapes. This region has 7380 native vascular plants (species/subspecies): one third described since 1970, 49% endemic, and 2500 of conservation concern. Origins are complex. Molecular phylogenies suggest multiple dispersal events into, out of, and within the SWAFR throughout the Cretaceous and Cenozoic; in many phylogenetically unrelated clades; and from many directions. Either explosive speciation or steady cladogenesis occurred among some woody sclerophyll and herbaceous families from the mid-Tertiary in response to progressive aridity. Genomic coalescence was sometimes involved. Rainforest taxa went extinct by the Pleistocene. Old lineages nevertheless persist as one endemic order (Dasypogonales) and 6–11 endemic families. Such a rich flora on old landscapes that have been exposed to European land-use practices is highly threatened. Conservation programs must minimize soil removal and use local germplasm in restoration programs.

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