Conserved elements within open reading frames of mammalian Hox genes
Tóm tắt
A recent study in BMC Evolutionary Biology shows that many of the open reading frames in mammalian Hox genes are more conserved than expected on the basis of their protein sequence. The presence of highly conserved DNA elements is thus not confined to the noncoding DNA in neighboring regions but clearly overlaps with coding sequences. These findings support an emerging view that gene regulatory and coding sequences are likely to be more intermingled than once believed.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Elgar G, Vavouri T: Tuning in to the signals: noncoding sequence conservation in vertebrate genomes. Trends Genet. 2008, 24: 344-352. 10.1016/j.tig.2008.04.005.
Dermitzakis ET, Reymond A, Antonarakis SE: Conserved non-genic sequences – an unexpected feature of mammalian genomes. Nat Rev Genet. 2005, 6: 151-157. 10.1038/nrg1527.
Bejerano G, Pheasant M, Makunin I, Stephen S, Kent WJ, Mattick JS, Haussler D: Ultraconserved elements in the human genome. Science. 2004, 304: 1321-1325. 10.1126/science.1098119.
Sandelin A, Bailey P, Bruce S, Engström PG, Klos JM, Wasserman WW, Ericson J, Lenhard B: Arrays of ultraconserved non-coding regions span the loci of key developmental genes in vertebrate genomes. BMC Genomics. 2004, 5: 99-10.1186/1471-2164-5-99.
Pennacchio LA, Ahituv N, Moses AM, Prabhakar S, Nobrega MA, Shoukry M, Minovitsky S, Dubchak I, Holt A, Lewis KD, Plajzer-Frick I, Akiyama J, De Val S, Afzal V, Black BL, Couronne O, Eisen MB, Visel A, Rubin EM: In vivo enhancer analysis of human conserved non-coding sequences. Nature. 2006, 444: 499-502. 10.1038/nature05295.
Ahituv N, Zhu Y, Visel A, Holt A, Afzal V, Pennacchio LA, Rubin EM: Deletion of ultraconserved elements yields viable mice. PLoS Biol. 2007, 5: e234-10.1371/journal.pbio.0050234.
Lin Z, Ma H, Nei M: Ultraconserved coding regions outside the homeobox of mammalian Hox genes. BMC Evol Biol. 2008, 24: 260-10.1186/1471-2148-8-260.
Duboule D: The rise and fall of Hox gene clusters. Development. 2007, 134: 2549-2560. 10.1242/dev.001065.
Drake JA, Bird C, Nemesh J, Thomas DJ, Newton-Cheh C, Reymond A, Excoffier L, Attar H, Antonarakis SE, Dermitzakis ET, Hirschhorn JN: Conserved noncoding sequences are selectively constrained and not mutation cold spots. Nat Genet. 2006, 38: 223-227. 10.1038/ng1710.
Tümpel S, Cambronero F, Sims C, Krumlauf R, Wiedemann LM: A regulatory module embedded in the coding region of Hoxa2 controls expression in rhombomere 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105: 20077-20082. 10.1073/pnas.0806360105.