A comparative study on the properties of GLARE laminates cured by autoclave and autoclave consolidation followed by oven postcuring

Sang Yoon Park1, Won Jong Choi1, Heung Soap Choi2
1Department of Materials Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang, South Korea
2KOREANAIR R&D Center, Taejon, South Korea

Tóm tắt

In this study, a new curing technique for producing glass aluminum-reinforced epoxy (GLARE) laminates was explored to reduce autoclave processing time. GLARE2 5/4-0.4 laminates were fabricated with three different approaches: full autoclave curing, autoclave consolidation followed by oven postcuring, and full oven curing. Two types of thermal analysis such as differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric analyzer were performed to provide a supplementary view of the cure behaviors and also incorporated to understand the voids growth. Experimental results revealed that autoclave consolidation followed by oven postcuring laminates had greater interlaminar shear strength than autoclave cure laminates. Additionally, this new curing technique could yield the comparable part’s quality with minimal void content (<1%). The interruption of cure cycle with an intermediate switch from autoclave consolidation to oven postcuring resulted in shrinkage and collapse of voids.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Kim SY, Choi WJ, Park SY (2007) Spring-back characteristics of fiber metal laminate (GLARE) in brake forming process. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 32(5–6):445–451 de Vries TJ, Vlot A, Hashagen F (1999) Delamination behavior of spliced fiber metal laminates—part 1: experimental results. Compos Struct 46(2):131–145 Botelho EC, Almeida RS, Pardini LC, Rezende MC (2007) Elastic properties of hygrothermally conditioned glare laminate. Int J Eng Sci 45(1):163–172 Frizzell RM, McCarthy CT, McCarthy MA (2008) An experimental investigation into the progression of damage in pin-loaded fibre metal laminates. Compos Part B 39(6):907–925 Castrodeza EM, Abdala MRWS, Bastian FL (2006) Crack resistance curves of GLARE laminates by elastic compliance. Eng Fract Mech 73(16):2292–2303 Marsh G (2006) Duelling with composites. Reinforc Plast 50(6):18–23 Botelho EC, Almeida RS, Pardini LC, Rezende MC (2006) A review on the development and properties of continuous fiber/epoxy/aluminum hybrid composites for aircraft structures. Mater Res 9(3):247–256 Abraham D, Matthews S, McIlhagger R (1998) A comparison of physical properties of glass fibre epoxy composites produced by wet lay-up with autoclave consolidation and resin transfer moulding. Compos Part A 29(7):795–801 Liu L, Zhang BM, Wang DF, Wu ZJ (2006) Effects of cure cycles on void content and mechanical properties of composite laminates. Compos Struct 73(3):303–309 Lopes CS, Remmers JJC, Gurdal Z (2008) Influence of porosity on the interlaminar shear strength of fibre-metal laminates. Key Eng Mat 383:35–52 White SR, Kim YK (1996) Staged curing of composite materials. Compos Part A 27(3):219–227 Nightingale C, Day RJ (2002) Flexural and interlaminar shear strength properties of carbon fibre/epoxy composites cured thermally and with microwave radiation. Compos Part A 33(7):1021–1030 Botelho EC, Pardini LC, Rezende MC (2005) Hygrothermal effects on damping behavior of metal/glass fiber/epoxy hybrid composites. Mater Sci Eng 399(1–2):190–198 Critchlow GW, Brewis DM (1996) Review of surface pretreatments for aluminium alloys. Int J Adhes Adhes 16(4):255–275 Critchlow GW, Yendall KA, Bahrani D, Quinn A, Andrews F (2006) Strategies for the replacement of chromic acid anodising for the structural bonding of aluminium alloys. Int J Adhes Adhes 26(6):416–453 Wakeman MD, Cain TA, Rudd CD, Brooks R, Long AC (1998) Compression moulding of glass and polypropyledne composites for optimised macro- and micro-mechanical properties–1 commingled glass and polypropylene. Compos Sci Technol 58(12):1879–1898 US Department of Defense Handbook (2002) Military handbook—MIL-HDBK-17-1F: composite materials handbook, vol 1. Polymer matrix composites guidelines for characterization of structural materials American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard D 3171 (1999) Standard test method for fiber content of resin-matrix composites by matrix digestion. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, West Conshohocken, PA Beumler T (2004) Flying Glare®, a contribution to aircraft certification issues on strengths properties in non-damaged and fatigue damaged GLARE® structures. PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Alderliesten R, Rans C, Benedictus R (2008) The applicability of magnesium based fibre metal laminates in aerospace structures. Compos Sci Tech 68(14):2983–2993 American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard E 1269 (2005) Standard test method for determining specific heat capacity by differential scanning calorimetry. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, West Conshohocken Xie M, Zhang Z, Gu Y, Li M, Su Y (2009) A new method to characterize the cure state of epoxy prepreg by dynamic mechanical analysis. Thermochim Acta 487(1–2):8–17 Boey FYC, Qiang W (2000) Experimental modeling of the cure kinetics of an epoxy-hexaanhydro-4-methylphthalicanhydride (MHHPA) system. Polymer 41(6):2081–2094 Sherwin GR (1999) Non-autoclave processing of advanced composite repairs. Int J Adhes Adhes 19(2–3):155–159 McIlhagger A, Brown D, Hill B (2000) The development of a dielectric system for the on-line cure monitoring of the resin transfer moulding process. Compos Part A 31(12):1373–1381 Ungarish M, Joseph R, Vittoser J, Kenig S (1990) Cure cycle optimization of composites by dielectric measurements. Composite 21(6):466–560 American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard D 2344 (2000) Standard test method for short-beam strength of polymer matrix composite materials and their laminates. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, West Conshohocken Tomblin J, Ng Y, Bowman K, Hooper E, Smyth T, Showers D (2001) Material qualification methodology for epoxy-based prepreg composite material systems, DOT/FAA/AR-00/47. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration, http://www.mil17.org Davies LW, Day RJ, Bond D, Nesbitt A, Ellis J, Gardon E (2007) Effect of cure cycle heat transfer rates on the physical and mechanical properties of an epoxy matrix composite. Compos Sci Tech 67(9):1892–1899 Lopes CS, Remmers JJC, Gürdal Z (2006) Influence of porosity on the interlaminar shear strength of fibre-metal laminates. In: Proceedings of the 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC S.S.D.M. conference, Newport, Rhode Island Park SY, Choi WJ, Choi HS (2010) The effects of void contents on the long-term hygrothermal behaviors of glass/epoxy and GLARE laminates. Compos Struct 92(1):18–24