Emerging pollutants in wastewater: A review of the literature

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Boyd, 2003, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface and treated waters of Louisiana, USA and Ontario, Canada, Sci. Total Environ., 311, 135, 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00138-4

Clara, 2005, The solids retention time – a suitable design parameter to evaluate the capacity of wastewater treatment plants to remove micropollutants, Water Res., 39, 97, 10.1016/j.watres.2004.08.036

Clara, 2010, Occurrence of phthalates in surface runoff, untreated and treated wastewater and fate during wastewater treatment, Chemosphere, 78, 1078, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.052

Commission Européenne, 2003. European Risk Assessment Report, Bisphenol A, EUR20843EN.

Dargnat, 2009, Phthalate removal throughout wastewater treatment plant Case study of Marne aval station (France), Sci. Total Environ., 407, 1235, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.027

Drewes, 2005, An assessment of endocrine disrupting activity changes during wastewater treatment through the use of bioassays and chemical measurements, Water Environ. Res., 77, 12, 10.2175/106143005X41573

Fauser, 2003, Phthalates, nonylphenols and LAS in an alternately operated wastewater treatment plant_fate modeling based on measured concentrations in wastewater and sludge, Water Res., 37, 1288, 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00482-7

Fernandez, 2007, An assessment of estrogenic organic contaminant in Canadian wastewaters, Sci. Total Environ., 373, 250, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.018

Garci-Ac, 2009, Determination of bezafibrate, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, orlisat and enalapril in waste and surface waters using on-line solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography coupled to polarity-switching electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, J. Environ. Monit., 11, 830, 10.1039/b817570e

Garric, 2005, Les substances pharmaceutiques dans les milieux aquatiques. Niveaux d’exposition et effets biologique: que savons-nous?, Revue des Sciences de l’eau, 18, 307, 10.7202/705561ar

Gomez, 2007, Pilot survey monitoring pharmaceuticals and related compounds in a sewage treatment plant located on the Mediterranean coast, Chemosphere, 993, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.051

Halling-Sorensen, 1998, Occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceutical substances in the environment – a review, Chemosphere, 36, 357, 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00354-8

Hirsch, 1999, Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment, Sci. Total Environ., 225, 109, 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00337-4

Hua, 2003, Elimination of COD, microorganisms and pharmaceuticals from sewage by trickling through sandy soil below leaking sewers, Water Res., 37, 4395, 10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00334-8

ICPS-WHO, 2003. Polychlorinated biphenyl: Human health aspects. Concise international chemical assessment. Document 55.

Kang, 2009, Occurrence of phytoestrogens on municipal wastewater and surface waters, J. Environ. Monit., 11, 1477, 10.1039/b901738k

Karthikeyan, 2006, Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin, USA, Sci. Total Environ., 361, 196, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.06.030

Khan, 2002, Estimation of pharmaceutical residues in primary and secondary sewage sludge based on quantities of use and fugacity modeling, Water Sci. Technol., 46, 105, 10.2166/wst.2002.0065

Kim, 2007, Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface, drinfing and waste waters, Water Res., 41, 1013, 10.1016/j.watres.2006.06.034

Lagana, 2004, Analytical methodologies for determining the occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage treatment plants and natural waters, Anal. Chim. Acta, 501, 79, 10.1016/j.aca.2003.09.020

Lin, 2005, Determination of pharmaceutical residues in waters by solid-phase extraction and large-volume on-line derivatization with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1065, 279, 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.081

Lindberg, 2005, Screening of human antibiotic substances and determination of weekly mass flows in five sewage treatment plants in Sweden, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 3421, 10.1021/es048143z

Lishman, 2006, Occurrence and reductions of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and estrogens by municipal wastewater treatment plants in Ontario, Canada, Sci. Total Environ., 367, 544, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.03.021

Liu, 2009, Removal mechanisms for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in wastewater treatment – physical means, biodegradation, and chemical advanced oxidation: a review, Sci. Total. Environ., 407, 731, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.039

Loraine, 2006, Seasonal variations in concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in drinking water and reclaimed wastewater in Southern California, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 687, 10.1021/es051380x

Miao, 2004, Occurrence of antimicrobials in the final effluents of wastewater treatment plants in Canada, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 3533, 10.1021/es030653q

Miège, 2009, Le devenir des résidus pharmaceutiques dans les stations d’épuration d’eaux usées. Une synthèse de la littérature, Technique Science et Méthode, 11, 75, 10.1051/tsm/200911075

Nakada, 2007, Removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during sand filtration and ozonation at a municipal sewage treatment plant, Water Res., 41, 4373, 10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.038

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Oehlmann, 2008, A critical evaluation of the environmental risk assessment for platicizers in the freshwater environment in Europe, with special emphasis on bisphenol A and endocrine disruption, Environ. Res., 108, 140, 10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.016

Oliver, 2005, The occurrence and removal of phthalates in a trickle filter STW, Water Res., 39, 4436, 10.1016/j.watres.2005.08.011

Pham, 1997, PCBs and PAHs in the montreal urban community (Quebec, Canada) wastewater treatment plant and in the effluent plume in the St Lawrence river, Water Res., 31, 1887, 10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00025-0

Pothitou, 2008, Endocrine disrupting compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants in Northern Greece, Chemosphere, 73, 1716, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.037

Roberts, 2006, The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment, Sci. Total. Environ., 356, 143, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.031

Rosal, 2010, Occurrence of emerging pollutants in urban wastewater and their removal through biological treatment followed by ozonation, Water Res., 44, 578, 10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.004

Roslev, 2007, Degradation of phthalate esters in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant, Water Res., 41, 969, 10.1016/j.watres.2006.11.049

Sanchez-Avila, 2009, Determination and occurrence of phthalates, alkylphenols, bisphenol A, PBDEs, PCBs and PAHs in an industrial sewage grid discharging to a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Sci. Total. Environ., 407, 4157, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.03.016

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Ternes, 2007, Irrigation of treated wastewater in Braunschweig, Germany: an option to remove pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances, Chemosphere, 66, 894, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.035

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Vethaak, 2005, An integrated assessment of estrogenic contamination and biological effects in the aquatic environment of the Netherlands, Chemosphere, 59, 511, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.053

Vieno, 2005, Seasonal variation in the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in effluents from sewage treatment plant and in the recipient water, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 8220, 10.1021/es051124k

Vieno, 2007, Elimination of pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants in Finland, Water Res., 41, 1001, 10.1016/j.watres.2006.12.017

Vogelsang, 2006, Occurrence and removal of selected organic micropolluants at mechanical, chemical and advanced wastewater treatment plants in Norway, Water Res., 40, 3559, 10.1016/j.watres.2006.07.022

Ying, 2009, Occurrence and removal of pharmaceutically active compounds in sewage treatment plants with different technologies, J. Environ. Monit., 11, 1498, 10.1039/b904548a

Zuccato, 2000, Presence of therapeutic drugs in the environment, Lancet, 355, 1789, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02270-4