The emerging role of miRNAs in Merkel cell carcinoma pathogenesis: Signaling pathway crosstalk

Patel, 2021, Merkel cell carcinoma, Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 46, 814, 10.1111/ced.14530 Tanda, 2021, Merkel cell carcinoma: an immunotherapy fairy-tale?, Front. Oncol., 11, 10.3389/fonc.2021.739006 Villani, 2019, Merkel cell carcinoma: therapeutic update and emerging therapies, Dermatol. Ther., 9, 209, 10.1007/s13555-019-0288-z Arora, 2022, Merkel cell polyomavirus regulates miR183 cluster and piR62011 in Merkel cell carcinoma, bioRxiv Houben, 2023, Merkel cell polyomavirus: infection, genome, transcripts and its role in development of merkel cell carcinoma, Cancers, 15, 444, 10.3390/cancers15020444 Ebert, 2012, Roles for microRNAs in conferring robustness to biological processes, Cell, 149, 515, 10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.005 Gurtan, 2013, The role of miRNAs in regulating gene expression networks, J. Mol. Biol., 425, 3582, 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.03.007 Oraby, 2022, MicroRNA-499 gene expression in Egyptian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without coronary heart disease, Azhar Int. J. Pharm. Med. Sci., 2, 73 Oraby, 2022, Association of miRNA-499 rs3746444 A> G genotype variants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its coronary heart disease complication in adult Egyptian population, Gene Rep., 29 Elshaer, 2018, MiR-216a in diabetic nephropathy: relation with autophagy and apoptosis, Int. J. Pharm. Res. Allied Sci., 7 Salman, 2022, The expression profiling of serum miR-92a, miR-134 and miR-375 in acute ischemic stroke, Future Sci. OA, 8, 10.2144/fsoa-2022-0074 Salman, 2022, The clinical value of circulating microRNAs in acute ischemic stroke, Azhar Int. J. Pharm. Med. Sci., 2, 66 Doghish, 2022, A review of the biological role of miRNAs in prostate cancer suppression and progression, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 197, 141, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.141 Elrebehy, 2022, miRNAs as cornerstones in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and resistance to therapy: A spotlight on signaling pathways interplay—A review, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 214, 583, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.134 El-Mahdy, 2022, miRNAs inspirations in hepatocellular carcinoma: detrimental and favorable aspects of key performers, Pathol. -Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153886 Elsakka, 2022, Megalin, a multi-ligand endocytic receptor, and its participation in renal function and diseases: a review, Life Sci., 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120923 Ismail, 2022, Beneficial and detrimental aspects of miRNAs as chief players in breast cancer: a comprehensive review, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. Ismail, 2022, The role of miRNAs in ovarian cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance-a focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. -Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154222 Hegazy, 2023, The role of miRNAs in laryngeal cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance – a focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract., 246, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154510 Doghish, 2022, A study of miRNAs as cornerstone in lung cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance: a focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154053 El-Mahdy, 2023, miRNAs role in bladder cancer pathogenesis and targeted therapy, Signal. Pathw. Inter. -A Rev. Pathol. -Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154316 Doghish, 2023, miRNAs role in cervical cancer pathogenesis and targeted therapy: Signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract. Doghish, 2023, Significance of miRNAs on the thyroid cancer progression and resistance to treatment with special attention to the role of cross-talk between signaling pathways, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154371 Doghish, 2023, miRNAs as cornerstones in chronic lymphocytic leukemia pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance–an emphasis on the interaction of signaling pathways, Pathol. -Res. Pract. Abdelmaksoud, 2023, The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of endometrial cancer: a spotlight on the convergence of signaling pathways, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154411 Abd-Allah, 2023, miRNAs as potential game-changers in melanoma: a comprehensive review, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154424 Zaki, 2023, The interplay of signaling pathways with miRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma pathogenicity and targeted therapy, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154437 Fathi, 2023, An emphasis on the interaction of signaling pathways highlights the role of miRNAs in the etiology and treatment resistance of gastric cancer, Life Sci., 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121667 Al-Noshokaty, 2023, Role of long non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and treatment resistance-a review, Pathol. -Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154438 Doghish, 2023, A spotlight on the interplay of signaling pathways and the role of miRNAs in osteosarcoma pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance, Pathol. Res. Pract. Elballal, 2023, miRNAs as potential game-changers in renal cell carcinoma: future clinical and medicinal uses, Pathol. - Res. Pract., 245, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154439 El-Mahdy, 2023, miRNAs as potential game-changers in head and neck cancer: Future clinical and medicinal uses, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154457 Allam, 2023, Androgen receptor blockade by flutamide down-regulates renal fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways in male rats, Life Sci., 323, 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121697 Mady, 2023, Impact of the mother's gut microbiota on infant microbiome and brain development, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105195 Doghish, 2023, The interplay of signaling pathways and miRNAs in the pathogenesis and targeted therapy of esophageal cancer, Pathol. Res. Pract. Elshaer, 2023, miRNAs role in glioblastoma pathogenesis and targeted therapy: Signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154511 Elrebehy, 2023, miR-509-5p promotes colorectal cancer cell ferroptosis by targeting SLC7A11, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154557 Doghish, 2023, miRNAs as potential game-changers in retinoblastoma: Future clinical and medicinal uses, Pathol. Res. Pract. Abulsoud, 2023, The potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of salivary gland cancer – a Focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. - Res. Pract., 247, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154584 El-Husseiny, 2023, miRNAs orchestration of salivary gland cancer- Particular emphasis on diagnosis, progression, and drug resistance, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154590 Doghish, 2023, The potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumors - a focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract. Elesawy, 2023, miRNAs orchestration of testicular germ cell tumors - particular emphasis on diagnosis, progression and drug resistance, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154612 El-Dakroury, 2023, miRNAs orchestration of adrenocortical carcinoma - particular emphasis on diagnosis, progression and drug resistance, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154665 Doghish, 2023, The potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer - a focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract. Shahin, 2023, miRNAs orchestration of gallbladder cancer - particular emphasis on diagnosis, progression and drug resistance, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154684 Midan, 2023, The potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma – A focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract., 248, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154690 Doghish, 2023, The role of miRNAs in liver diseases: Potential therapeutic and clinical applications, Pathol. Res. Pract., 243, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154375 Doghish, 2023, miRNAs as potential game-changers in bone diseases: future medicinal and clinical Uses, Pathol. Res. Pract. Elkady, 2023, miRNAs driving diagnosis, progression, and drug resistance in multiple myeloma, Pathol. Res. Pract., 248, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154704 Yehia, 2023, Decoding the role of miRNAs in multiple myeloma pathogenesis: a focus on signaling pathways, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154715 Elsakka, 2023, miRNAs orchestration of cardiovascular diseases – Particular emphasis on diagnosis, and progression, Pathol. Res. Pract., 248, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154613 Khidr, 2023, The potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases – a focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract., 248, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154624 Elkady, 2021, MicroRNA-567 inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in A549 NSCLC cells by regulating cyclin-dependent kinase 8, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 28, 2581, 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.001 Bakr Zaki, 2019, Potential role of circulating microRNAs (486-5p, 497, 509-5p and 605) in metabolic syndrome Egyptian male patients, Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes.: Targets Ther., 601, 10.2147/DMSO.S187422 Doghish, 2021, Circulating miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p as novel diagnostic biomarkers in adult Egyptian male patients with metabolic syndrome, Can. J. Diabetes, 45, 614, 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.12.005 Doghish, 2023, miRNAs insights into rheumatoid arthritis: favorable and detrimental aspects of key performers, Life Sci., 314, 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121321 Elazazy, 2023, Long non-coding RNAs and rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis and clinical implications, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154512 Ismail, 2023, miRNAs as cornerstones in diabetic microvascular complications, Mol. Genet. Metab., 138, 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.106978 Abdel Mageed, 2023, The role of miRNAs in insulin resistance and diabetic macrovascular complications – a review, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 230, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123189 Elkhawaga, 2023, miRNAs as cornerstones in adipogenesis and obesity, Life Sci., 315, 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121382 Doghish, 2019, Plasma endoglin in type2 diabetic patients with nephropathy, diabetes & metabolic syndrome, Clin. Res. Rev., 13, 764 Ying, 2021, miRNAs; a novel strategy for the treatment of COVID‐19, Cell Biol. Int., 45, 2045, 10.1002/cbin.11653 Abulsoud, 2023, Mutations in SARS-CoV-2: Insights on structure, variants, vaccines, and biomedical interventions, Biomed. Pharmacother., 157, 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113977 Ismail, 2022, Clinical and chest computed tomography features of patients suffering from mild and severe COVID-19 at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt, PLoS One, 17, 10.1371/journal.pone.0271271 Doghish, 2021, Clinical characteristics of Egyptian male patients with COVID‐19 acute respiratory distress syndrome, PLoS One, 16, 10.1371/journal.pone.0249346 Liu, 2022, MicroRNAs in Alzheimer's disease: Potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, Biomed. Pharmacother., 148, 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112681 K.I. Eissa, M.M. Kamel, L.W. Mohamed, A.S. Doghish, R. Alnajjar, A.A. Al‐Karmalawy, A.E. Kassab, Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of thienopyrimidine derivatives as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease, Drug Dev. Res. Hegazy, 2023, The role of miRNAs in laryngeal cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance-A focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154510 Abulsoud, 2023, The potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of salivary gland cancer-A Focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154584 Abdel-Hamid, 2018, Association of MicroRNA related single nucleotide polymorphisms 196A-2 and 499 with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients, Meta Gene, 16, 139, 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.02.007 El-Dakroury, 2023, miRNAs orchestration of adrenocortical carcinoma - Particular emphasis on diagnosis, progression and drug resistance, Pathol. Res. Pract., 248, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154665 Midan, 2023, The potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma - A focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154690 Ning, 2014, Characterization of the merkel cell carcinoma miRNome, J. Ski. Cancer, 2014 Xie, 2014, MicroRNA expression patterns related to merkel cell polyomavirus infection in human merkel cell carcinoma, J. Investig. Dermatol., 134, 507, 10.1038/jid.2013.355 Fan, 2021, Merkel cell carcinoma-derived exosome-shuttle miR-375 induces fibroblast polarization by inhibition of RBPJ and p53, Oncogene, 40, 980, 10.1038/s41388-020-01576-6 Mazziotta, 2023, MicroRNA dysregulations in Merkel cell carcinoma: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications, J. Med. Virol., 95, 10.1002/jmv.28375 Peng, 2016, The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer, Signal Transduct. Target. Ther., 1, 15004, 10.1038/sigtrans.2015.4 Salman, 2023, The long non-coding RNA ZFAS1 promotes colorectal cancer progression via miR200b/ZEB1 axis, Pathol. Res. Pract., 247, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154567 El-Sheikh, 2023, LncRNA NNT-AS1/hsa-miR-485–5p/HSP90 axis in-silico and clinical prospect correlated-to histologic grades-based CRC stratification: a step toward ncRNA Precision, Pathol. Res. Pract., 247, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154570 Cui, 2019, Circulating MicroRNAs in cancer: potential and challenge, Frontl. Genet., 10, 626, 10.3389/fgene.2019.00626 El-Sheikh, 2022, Insights on the potential oncogenic impact of long non-coding RNA nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase antisense RNA 1 in different cancer types; integrating pathway(s) and clinical outcome(s) association, Pathol. Res. Pract., 240, 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154183 Abd El Fattah, 2022, Interactome battling of lncRNA CCDC144NL-AS1: Its role in the emergence and ferocity of cancer and beyond, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.209 Li, 2022, Defining disease-related modules based on weighted miRNA synergistic network, Comput. Biol. Med., 152 Bakr, 2023, Telomerase RNA component lncRNA as potential diagnostic biomarker promotes CRC cellular migration and apoptosis evasion via modulation of β-catenin protein level, Non-coding RNA Res., 8, 302, 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.03.004 Abdelmaksoud, 2023, Mitochondrial remodeling in colorectal cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapy: a review, Pathol. Res. Pract., 246, 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154509 Ismail, 2019, Diagnostic significance of miR-639 and miR-10b in βreast cancer patients, Meta Gene, 19, 155, 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.11.006 Dragomir, 2022, Classical and noncanonical functions of miRNAs in cancers, Trends Genet., 38, 379, 10.1016/j.tig.2021.10.002 Doghish, 2022, A review of the biological role of miRNAs in prostate cancer suppression and progression, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 197, 141, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.141 Amit, 2020, Loss of p53 drives neuron reprogramming in head and neck cancer, Nature, 578, 449, 10.1038/s41586-020-1996-3 Franco-Zorrilla, 2007, Target mimicry provides a new mechanism for regulation of microRNA activity, Nat. Genet., 39, 1033, 10.1038/ng2079 Ebert, 2007, MicroRNA sponges: competitive inhibitors of small RNAs in mammalian cells, Nat. Methods, 4, 721, 10.1038/nmeth1079 Yang, 2015, Hepatocellular carcinoma and microRNA: new perspectives on therapeutics and diagnostics, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 81, 62, 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.029 Hermeking, 2007, p53 enters the microRNA world, Cancer Cell, 12, 414, 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.10.028 Volinia, 2006, A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 2257, 10.1073/pnas.0510565103 Al-Noshokaty, 2022, Selenium nanoparticles overcomes sorafenib resistance in thioacetamide induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats by modulation of mTOR, NF-κB pathways and LncRNA-AF085935/GPC3 axis, J. Life Sci., 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120675 Rizk, 2022, Exosomal-long non-coding RNAs journey in colorectal cancer: evil and goodness faces of key players, Life Sci., 292, 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120325 Wu, 2020, The role of miRNA biogenesis and DDX17 in tumorigenesis and cancer stemness, Biomed. J., 43, 107, 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.001 Ullmann, 2019, Hypoxia- and MicroRNA-induced metabolic reprogramming of tumor-initiating cells, Cells, 8, 528, 10.3390/cells8060528 Denli, 2004, Processing of primary microRNAs by the Microprocessor complex, Nature, 432, 231, 10.1038/nature03049 Erturk, 2022, Mitochondrial miRNAs (MitomiRs): their potential roles in breast and other cancers, Mitochondrion, 10.1016/j.mito.2022.08.002 Wei, 2021, Structural basis of microRNA processing by Dicer-like 1, Nat. Plants, 7, 1389, 10.1038/s41477-021-01000-1 Newman, 2010, Emerging paradigms of regulated microRNA processing, Genes Dev., 24, 1086, 10.1101/gad.1919710 Miyoshi, 2010, Many ways to generate microRNA-like small RNAs: Non-canonical pathways for microRNA production, Mol. Genet. Genom., 284, 95, 10.1007/s00438-010-0556-1 Ergin, 2022, Regulation of microRNAs, 1 Ruby, 2007, Intronic microRNA precursors that bypass Drosha processing, Nature, 448, 83, 10.1038/nature05983 Babiarz, 2008, Mouse ES cells express endogenous shRNAs, siRNAs, and other Microprocessor-independent, Dicer-dependent small RNAs, Genes Dev., 22, 2773, 10.1101/gad.1705308 Farshbaf, 2022, The role of altered microRNA expression in premalignant and malignant head and neck lesions with epithelial origin, Health Sci. Rep., 5, 10.1002/hsr2.921 Liu, 2022, Wnt/β-catenin signalling: function, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities, Signal Transduct. Target. Ther., 7, 3, 10.1038/s41392-021-00762-6 Stachyra, 2021, Merkel cell carcinoma from molecular pathology to novel therapies, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22, 6305, 10.3390/ijms22126305 Ning, 2014, Characterization of the Merkel cell carcinoma miRNome, J. Ski. Cancer, 2014 Marei, 2021, p53 signaling in cancer progression and therapy, Cancer Cell Int., 21, 1, 10.1186/s12935-021-02396-8 Sideris, 2019, The role of KRAS in endometrial cancer: a mini-review, Anticancer Res., 39, 533, 10.21873/anticanres.13145 Kumar, 2020, Merkel cell polyomavirus oncoproteins induce microRNAs that suppress multiple autophagy genes, Int. J. Cancer, 146, 1652, 10.1002/ijc.32503 Boyer, 2020, Clinical relevance of liquid biopsy in melanoma and merkel cell carcinoma, Cancers, 12, 960, 10.3390/cancers12040960 Midan, 2023, The potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma-A focus on signaling pathways interplay, Pathol. -Res. Pract., 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154690 Abraham, 2016, Roles for miR-375 in neuroendocrine differentiation and tumor suppression via Notch pathway suppression in Merkel cell carcinoma, Am. J. Pathol., 186, 1025, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.020 Cohen, 2019, Molecular and immune targets for Merkel cell carcinoma therapy and prevention, Mol. Carcinog., 58, 1602, 10.1002/mc.23042 Banerjee, 2021, Emerging roles of microRNAs in the regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-signaling, Front. Biosci., 26, 771, 10.2741/4917 Becker, 2017, Merkel cell carcinoma, Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim., 3, 1 Liu, 2022, Wnt/beta-catenin signalling: function, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities, Signal Transduct. Target Ther., 7, 3, 10.1038/s41392-021-00762-6 Xie, 2014, MicroRNA expression patterns related to merkel cell polyomavirus infection in human merkel cell carcinoma, J. Invest Dermatol., 134, 507, 10.1038/jid.2013.355 Kalfert, 2020, Multifunctional roles of miR-34a in cancer: a review with the emphasis on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and thyroid cancer with clinical implications, Diagnostics, 10, 10.3390/diagnostics10080563 Veija, 2015, miRNA-34a underexpressed in Merkel cell polyomavirus-negative Merkel cell carcinoma, Virchows Arch., 466, 289, 10.1007/s00428-014-1700-9 Pedraz-Valdunciel, 2018, A novel miR-205-mediated ERRFI1/EGFR regulatory pathway in MET-addicted cancer cells: emerging biomarkers for secondary resistance, 2, 2018 Al-Warhi, 2022, Identification of novel cyanopyridones and pyrido [2, 3-D] pyrimidines as anticancer agents with dual VEGFR-2/HER-2 inhibitory action: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies, Pharmaceuticals, 15, 1262, 10.3390/ph15101262 Ismail, 2022, Hydroxycitric acid reverses tamoxifen resistance through inhibition of ATP citrate lyase, Pathol. Res. Pract., 240, 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154211 Ismail, 2020, Hydroxycitric acid potentiates the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells through inhibition of ATP citrate lyase, Steroids, 160, 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108656 Kassab, 2021, Design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and molecular modelling studies of novel tolmetin derivatives as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers, J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem., 36, 922, 10.1080/14756366.2021.1901089 Azmy, 2023, Development of pyrolo[2,3-c]pyrazole, pyrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and their bioisosteres as novel CDK2 inhibitors with potent in vitro apoptotic anti-proliferative activity: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular dynamics investigations, Bioorg. Chem., 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106729 Shehabeldine, 2023, Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activities of syzygium aromaticum essential oil nanoemulsion, Molecules, 28, 5812, 10.3390/molecules28155812 Doghish, 2022, Nanocomposite based on gold nanoparticles and carboxymethyl cellulose: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 77 Doghish, 2021, Graphene oxide and its nanocomposites with EDTA or chitosan induce apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer, RSC Adv., 11, 29052, 10.1039/D1RA04345E Salem, 2022, Synthesis of silver nanocomposite based on carboxymethyl cellulose: antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities, Polymers, 14, 3352, 10.3390/polym14163352 Elkady, 2022, New benzoxazole derivatives as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers: design, synthesis, anti-proliferative evaluation, flowcytometric analysis, and in silico studies, J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem., 37, 403, 10.1080/14756366.2021.2015343 Hernandez, 2022, Merkel cell carcinoma: an updated review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options, Dermatol. Ther., 35, 10.1111/dth.15292 Eissa, 2023, New theobromine derivative as apoptotic anti-triple-negative breast cancer targeting EGFR protein: CADD story, J. Mol. Struct., 1294, 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.136336 Hua, 2006, MiRNA-directed regulation of VEGF and other angiogenic factors under hypoxia, PLoS One, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0000116 Bader, 2011, Developing therapeutic microRNAs for cancer, Gene Ther., 18, 1121, 10.1038/gt.2011.79 Villani, 2019, Merkel cell carcinoma: therapeutic update and emerging therapies, Dermatol. Ther., 9, 209, 10.1007/s13555-019-0288-z Zelin, 2021, Neoadjuvant therapy for non-melanoma skin cancer: updated therapeutic approaches for basal, squamous, and merkel cell carcinoma, Curr. Treat. Options Oncol., 22, 1, 10.1007/s11864-021-00826-3 Tello, 2018, Merkel cell carcinoma: an update and review: current and future therapy, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 78, 445, 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.004 Schadendorf, 2017, Merkel cell carcinoma: epidemiology, prognosis, therapy and unmet medical needs, Eur. J. Cancer, 71, 53, 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.10.022 Abd-Elmawla, 2023, The neuroprotective effect of pterostilbene on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects: Comparative study with celecoxib, Life Sci., 315, 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121364 Abd-Elmawla, 2023, Implication of Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of mood disturbances associated with hyperthyroidism in rats: potential therapeutic effect of naringin, ACS Chem. Neurosci., 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00013 El-Boghdady, 2023, The lncRNAs UCA1 and CRNDE target miR-145/TLR4/NF-қB/TNF-α axis in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis model: the beneficial role of 3, 3-diindolylmethane, Int. Immunopharmacol., 121, 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110541 Abdelmonem, 2021, Lutein exerts its cardioprotective effect against the experimental model of isoprenaline‐induced myocardial infarction via MIAT/miR‐200a/Nrf2/TXINP pathway, J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 35, 10.1002/jbt.22899 Samad, 2023, Innovative approaches in transforming microRNAs into therapeutic tools, Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: RNA, 14 Wang, 2021, Effective tools for RNA-derived therapeutics: siRNA interference or miRNA mimicry, Theranostics, 11, 8771, 10.7150/thno.62642 Chen, 2021, Role of microRNAs in glioblastoma, Oncotarget, 12, 1707, 10.18632/oncotarget.28039 Hutvágner, 2004, Sequence-specific inhibition of small RNA function, PLoS Biol., 2, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020098 J. Krutzfeldt, N. Rajewsky, R. Braich, K. Rajeev, T. Tuschl, M. Manoharan, M. Stoffel, Silencing of microRNAs in vivo with ‘antagomirs’ Nature. 2005; 438: 685–689, The first of use, to our knowldege, of antisense oligonucleotides to silence miRNA expression in vivo. Ebert, 2007, MicroRNA sponges: competitive inhibitors of small RNAs in mammalian cells, Nat. Methods, 4, 721, 10.1038/nmeth1079 Elmén, 2008, LNA-mediated microRNA silencing in non-human primates, Nature, 452, 896, 10.1038/nature06783 Wang, 2011, The principles of MiRNA-masking antisense oligonucleotides technology, Micro Cancer: Methods Protoc., 43, 10.1007/978-1-60761-863-8_3 Lin, 2013, Autophagy: a key pathway of TNF-induced inflammatory bone loss, Autophagy, 9, 1253, 10.4161/auto.25467 Chang, 2012, miR-375 inhibits autophagy and reduces viability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxic conditions, Gastroenterology, 143, 177, 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.009 Zhu, 2009, Regulation of autophagy by a beclin 1-targeted microRNA, miR-30a, in cancer cells, Autophagy, 5, 816, 10.4161/auto.9064 Tan, 2016, Role of autophagy as a survival mechanism for hypoxic cells in tumors, Neoplasia, 18, 347, 10.1016/j.neo.2016.04.003 White, 2015, The role for autophagy in cancer, J. Clin. Investig., 125, 42, 10.1172/JCI73941 Kalluri, 2016, The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 16, 582, 10.1038/nrc.2016.73 Abd-Elmawla, 2023, Suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome by ivermectin ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, J. Zhejiang Univ. -Sci. B, 1 Ishii, 2016, Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblast within the tumor microenvironment, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 99, 186, 10.1016/j.addr.2015.07.007 Erez, 2010, Cancer-associated fibroblasts are activated in incipient neoplasia to orchestrate tumor-promoting inflammation in an NF-κB-dependent manner, Cancer Cell, 17, 135, 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.041 Bussard, 2016, Tumor-associated stromal cells as key contributors to the tumor microenvironment, Breast Cancer Res., 18, 1, 10.1186/s13058-016-0740-2 Arandkar, 2018, Altered p53 functionality in cancer-associated fibroblasts contributes to their cancer-supporting features, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 6410, 10.1073/pnas.1719076115 Goruppi, 2017, The ULK3 kinase is critical for convergent control of cancer-associated fibroblast activation by CSL and GLI, Cell Rep., 20, 2468, 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.048 Procopio, 2015, Combined CSL and p53 downregulation promotes cancer-associated fibroblast activation, Nat. Cell Biol., 17, 1193, 10.1038/ncb3228 Kortam, 2023, MAGI2-AS3 and miR-374b-5p as putative regulators of multiple sclerosis via modulating the PTEN/AKT/IRF-3/IFN-β axis: new clinical insights, ACS Chem. Neurosci., 14, 1107, 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00653 Al-Shammari, 2016, A mechanistic study on the amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity, Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2016, 10.1155/2016/6265853 Alzahrani, 2019, PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in cancer: at the bench and bedside, 125 Porta, 2014, Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer, Front. Oncol., 4, 64, 10.3389/fonc.2014.00064 Bonci, 2008, The miR-15a–miR-16-1 cluster controls prostate cancer by targeting multiple oncogenic activities, Nat. Med., 14, 1271, 10.1038/nm.1880 Arora, 2012, Survivin is a therapeutic target in Merkel cell carcinoma, Sci. Transl. Med., 4, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003713 Mobahat, 2014, Survivin as a preferential target for cancer therapy, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 15, 2494, 10.3390/ijms15022494 Veija, 2015, miRNA-34a underexpressed in Merkel cell polyomavirus-negative Merkel cell carcinoma, Virchows Arch., 466, 289, 10.1007/s00428-014-1700-9 He, 2007, microRNAs join the p53 network—another piece in the tumour-suppression puzzle, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 7, 819, 10.1038/nrc2232 Yamakuchi, 2009, MiR-34, SIRT1, and p53: the feedback loop, Cell Cycle, 8, 712, 10.4161/cc.8.5.7753 Di Martino, 2012, Synthetic miR-34a mimics as a novel therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma: in vitro and in vivo evidence, Clin. Cancer Res., 18, 6260, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1708 Salman, 2014, Protective effect of proanthocyanidins on nephrotoxicity induced by antitumor dose of cisplatin in ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice, Arab, J. Lab. Med, 40, 953 Wang, 2020, Combination therapy of gefitinib and miR-30a-5p may overcome acquired drug resistance through regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway in non-small cell lung cancer, Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis., 14, 10.1177/1753466620915156 Franzetti, 2013, MiR-30a-5p connects EWS-FLI1 and CD99, two major therapeutic targets in Ewing tumor, Oncogene, 32, 3915, 10.1038/onc.2012.403 Elkady, 2016, Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2–1306 C> T gene polymorphism affects circulating levels of MMP-2 in Egyptian asthmatic patients, Gene Rep., 5, 57, 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.09.001 Zhu, 2020, Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes ameliorate nucleus pulposus cells apoptosis via delivering miR-142-3p: therapeutic potential for intervertebral disc degenerative diseases, Cell Cycle, 19, 1727, 10.1080/15384101.2020.1769301 Griveau, 2013, Silencing of miR-21 by locked nucleic acid–lipid nanocapsule complexes sensitize human glioblastoma cells to radiation-induced cell death, Int. J. Pharm., 454, 765, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.049 Cantafio, 2016, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a 13-mer LNA-inhibitor-miR-221 in Mice and Non-human Primates, Mol. Ther. -Nucleic Acids, 5 El-Ashmawy, 2022, Carnosine and crocin ameliorate oxidative stress in rats with rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury through upregulating HO-1 gene expression, Food Biosci., 49, 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101972 Alkorashy, 2020, Effect of scopoletin on phagocytic activity of U937-derived human macrophages: Insights from transcriptomic analysis, Genomics, 112, 3518, 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.03.022 El-Husseiny, 2023, Impact of Adipose Tissue Depot Harvesting Site on the Multilineage Induction Capacity of Male Rat Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24, 7513, 10.3390/ijms24087513 Graván, 2023, Lipid-core nanoparticles: Classification, preparation methods, routes of administration and recent advances in cancer treatment, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102871 El-Husseiny, 2022, Smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels: State-of-the-art platforms for bone tissue engineering, Appl. Mater. Today, 10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101560 El-Husseiny, 2023, Stimuli-responsive hydrogels: smart state of-the-art platforms for cardiac tissue engineering, Front Bioeng. Biotechnol., 11, 1174075, 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1174075 El-Dakroury, 2023, Design, optimization, and in-vivo performance of glipizide-loaded O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles in insulin resistant/type 2 diabetic rat model, J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 79 El-Husseiny, 2023, Comparison of Bovine- and Porcine-Derived Decellularized Biomaterials: Promising Platforms for Tissue Engineering Applications, Pharmaceutics, 15, 1906, 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071906 Sallam, 2021, Olmesartan niosomes ameliorates the Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Insights on MAPK and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, Pharm. Res., 38, 1821, 10.1007/s11095-021-03126-5 Nomier, 2022, Ameliorative effect of chitosan nanoparticles against carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats, Pharm. Biol., 60, 2134, 10.1080/13880209.2022.2136208 Zewail, 2022, Design, characterization and in vivo performance of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)-loaded mucoadhesive buccal tablets for efficient delivery of Lornoxicam in experimental inflammation, Int. J. Pharm., 624, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122006 El-Dakroury, 2022, Famotidine-loaded solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system demonstrates exceptional efficiency in amelioration of peptic ulcer, Int. J. Pharm., 611, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121303 Zewail, 2023, Chitosan coated clove oil-based nanoemulsion: an attractive option for oral delivery of leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis, Int. J. Pharm., 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123224 Deng, 2014, STING-dependent cytosolic DNA sensing promotes radiation-induced type I interferon-dependent antitumor immunity in immunogenic tumors, Immunity, 41, 843, 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.019 Liu, 2022, Lipid nanoparticles delivering constitutively active STING mRNA to stimulate antitumor immunity, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23, 14504, 10.3390/ijms232314504 Fu, 2015, STING agonist formulated cancer vaccines can cure established tumors resistant to PD-1 blockade, Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa4306 Mix, 2023, Cavrotolimod, a nanoparticle toll-like receptor 9 agonist, inhibits tumor growth and alters immune cell composition in mouse models of skin cancer, ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 6, 2682, 10.1021/acsanm.2c05121 Luly, 2021, 222 Genetic reprogramming of merkel cell carcinoma and melanoma leads to increased MHC-I expression and antitumor immune activation in vitro and in vivo, BMJ Spec. J.