Evaluating the role of Toll-like receptors in diseases of the central nervous system

Biochemical Pharmacology - Tập 81 - Trang 825-837 - 2011
Michael Carty1, Andrew G. Bowie1
1School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

Tài liệu tham khảo

Takeuchi, 2010, Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation, Cell, 140, 805, 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.022 Unterholzner, 2010, IFI16 is an innate immune sensor for intracellular DNA, Nat Immunol, 11, 997, 10.1038/ni.1932 O’Neill, 2008, The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: 10 years of progress, Immunol Rev, 226, 10, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00701.x Kawai, 2010, The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors, Nat Immunol, 11, 373, 10.1038/ni.1863 O’Neill, 2007, The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling, Nat Rev Immunol, 7, 353, 10.1038/nri2079 Carty, 2006, The human adaptor SARM negatively regulates adaptor protein TRIF-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling, Nat Immunol, 7, 1074, 10.1038/ni1382 Keating, 2007, IRAK-2 participates in multiple toll-like receptor signaling pathways to NFkappaB via activation of TRAF6 ubiquitination, J Biol Chem, 282, 33435, 10.1074/jbc.M705266200 Banerjee, 2006, Diverse Toll-like receptors utilize Tpl2 to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in hemopoietic cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 3274, 10.1073/pnas.0511113103 Ostuni, 2010, Deciphering the complexity of Toll-like receptor signaling, Cell Mol Life Sci, 67, 4109, 10.1007/s00018-010-0464-x Farina, 2005, Preferential expression and function of Toll-like receptor 3 in human astrocytes, J Neuroimmunol, 159, 12, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.09.009 Bowman, 2003, Cultured astrocytes express toll-like receptors for bacterial products, Glia, 43, 281, 10.1002/glia.10256 Tang, 2007, Pivotal role for neuronal Toll-like receptors in ischemic brain injury and functional deficits, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 13798, 10.1073/pnas.0702553104 Mishra, 2006, Expression and distribution of Toll-like receptors in the brain during murine neurocysticercosis, J Neuroimmunol, 181, 46, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.07.019 Lafon, 2006, The innate immune facet of brain: human neurons express TLR-3 and sense viral dsRNA, J Mol Neurosci, 29, 185, 10.1385/JMN:29:3:185 Olson, 2004, Microglia initiate central nervous system innate and adaptive immune responses through multiple TLRs, J Immunol, 173, 3916, 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3916 Jack, 2005, TLR signaling tailors innate immune responses in human microglia and astrocytes, J Immunol, 175, 4320, 10.4049/jimmunol.175.7.4320 Carpentier, 2008, Glial toll-like receptor signaling in central nervous system infection and autoimmunity, Brain Behav Immun, 22, 140, 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.08.011 Hanisch, 2008, Toll-like receptors: roles in neuroprotection?, Trends Neurosci, 31, 176, 10.1016/j.tins.2008.01.005 Lehnardt, 2010, Innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the CNS: the role of microglia in Toll-like receptor-mediated neuronal injury, Glia, 58, 253 Akiyama, 2000, Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease, Neurobiol Aging, 21, 383, 10.1016/S0197-4580(00)00124-X Whitney, 2009, Inflammation mediates varying effects in neurogenesis: relevance to the pathogenesis of brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders, J Neurochem, 108, 1343, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05886.x Lehnardt, 2008, A vicious cycle involving release of heat shock protein 60 from injured cells and activation of toll-like receptor 4 mediates neurodegeneration in the CNS, J Neurosci, 28, 2320, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4760-07.2008 Yang, 2010, The role of microglia in central nervous system immunity and glioma immunology, J Clin Neurosci, 17, 6, 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.05.006 Price, 1998, Mutant genes in familial Alzheimer's disease and transgenic models, Annu Rev Neurosci, 21, 479, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.479 Sudoh, 1998, Presenilin 1 mutations linked to familial Alzheimer's disease increase the intracellular levels of amyloid beta-protein 1-42 and its N-terminally truncated variant(s) which are generated at distinct sites, J Neurochem, 71, 1535, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71041535.x Iribarren, 2005, Role of formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1/FPR2) in mononuclear phagocyte responses in Alzheimer disease, Immunol Res, 31, 165, 10.1385/IR:31:3:165 Walker, 2006, Gene expression changes by amyloid beta peptide-stimulated human postmortem brain microglia identify activation of multiple inflammatory processes, J Leukoc Biol, 79, 596, 10.1189/jlb.0705377 Murphy, 1998, Macrophage colony-stimulating factor augments beta-amyloid-induced interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide production by microglial cells, J Biol Chem, 273, 20967, 10.1074/jbc.273.33.20967 Szczepanik, 2001, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 modulate A beta(1--42)-induced cytokine and chemokine production in primary murine microglia and a human monocyte cell line, J Neuroimmunol, 113, 49, 10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00404-5 Lue, 2001, Inflammatory repertoire of Alzheimer's disease and nondemented elderly microglia in vitro, Glia, 35, 72, 10.1002/glia.1072 Yates, 2000, Amyloid beta and amylin fibrils induce increases in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by THP-1 cells and murine microglia, J Neurochem, 74, 1017, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0741017.x Jana, 2008, Fibrillar amyloid-beta peptides activate microglia via TLR2: implications for Alzheimer's disease, J Immunol, 181, 7254, 10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.7254 Fassbender, 2004, The LPS receptor (CD14) links innate immunity with Alzheimer's disease, FASEB J, 18, 203, 10.1096/fj.03-0364fje Liu, 2005, LPS receptor (CD14): a receptor for phagocytosis of Alzheimer's amyloid peptide, Brain, 128, 1778, 10.1093/brain/awh531 Walter, 2007, Role of the toll-like receptor 4 in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease, Cell Physiol Biochem, 20, 947, 10.1159/000110455 Letiembre, 2009, Screening of innate immune receptors in neurodegenerative diseases: a similar pattern, Neurobiol Aging, 30, 759, 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.08.018 Minoretti, 2006, Effect of the functional toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism on susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer's disease, Neurosci Lett, 391, 147, 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.047 Frank, 2009, Differential regulation of toll-like receptor mRNAs in amyloid plaque-associated brain tissue of aged APP23 transgenic mice, Neurosci Lett, 453, 41, 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.01.075 Reed-Geaghan, 2009, CD14 and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are required for fibrillar A{beta}-stimulated microglial activation, J Neurosci, 29, 11982, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3158-09.2009 Bamberger, 2003, A cell surface receptor complex for fibrillar beta-amyloid mediates microglial activation, J Neurosci, 23, 2665, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-07-02665.2003 Cameron, 2010, Inflammation, microglia, and Alzheimer's disease, Neurobiol Dis, 37, 503, 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.10.006 Cui, 2002, Bacterial lipopolysaccharide selectively up-regulates the function of the chemotactic peptide receptor formyl peptide receptor 2 in murine microglial cells, J Immunol, 168, 434, 10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.434 Chen, 2006, Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 on microglia promotes cell uptake of Alzheimer disease-associated amyloid beta peptide, J Biol Chem, 281, 3651, 10.1074/jbc.M508125200 Tang, 2008, Toll-like receptor-4 mediates neuronal apoptosis induced by amyloid beta-peptide and the membrane lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal, Exp Neurol, 213, 114, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.05.014 Koenigsknecht-Talboo, 2005, Microglial phagocytosis induced by fibrillar beta-amyloid and IgGs are differentially regulated by proinflammatory cytokines, J Neurosci, 25, 8240, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1808-05.2005 Trudler, 2010, Toll-like receptors expression and signaling in glia cells in neuro-amyloidogenic diseases: towards future therapeutic application, Mediators Inflamm, 10.1155/2010/497987 Doi, 2009, Microglia activated with the toll-like receptor 9 ligand CpG attenuate oligomeric amyloid {beta} neurotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease, Am J Pathol, 175, 2121, 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090418 Fischer, 2008, Toll-like receptors in autoimmunity, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1143, 21, 10.1196/annals.1443.012 Prinz, 2006, Innate immunity mediated by TLR9 modulates pathogenicity in an animal model of multiple sclerosis, J Clin Invest, 116, 456, 10.1172/JCI26078 Zamvil, 1990, The T lymphocyte in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, Annu Rev Immunol, 8, 579, 10.1146/annurev.iy.08.040190.003051 O’Connor, 2008, Cutting edge: Th1 cells facilitate the entry of Th17 cells to the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, J Immunol, 181, 3750, 10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.3750 Steinman, 2008, A rush to judgment on Th17, J Exp Med, 205, 1517, 10.1084/jem.20072066 Waldner, 2009, The role of innate immune responses in autoimmune disease development, Autoimmun Rev, 8, 400, 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.12.019 Marta, 2008, Unexpected regulatory roles of TLR4 and TLR9 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Eur J Immunol, 38, 565, 10.1002/eji.200737187 Touil, 2006, Cutting Edge: TLR3 stimulation suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inducing endogenous IFN-beta, J Immunol, 177, 7505, 10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.7505 Fernandez, 2010, Orchestrating innate immune responses in multiple sclerosis: molecular players, J Neuroimmunol, 225, 5, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.05.014 Lampropoulou, 2008, TLR-activated B cells suppress T cell-mediated autoimmunity, J Immunol, 180, 4763, 10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4763 Bsibsi, 2002, Broad expression of Toll-like receptors in the human central nervous system, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 61, 1013, 10.1093/jnen/61.11.1013 Downes, 2010, Neural injury following stroke: are Toll-like receptors the link between the immune system and the CNS?, Br J Pharmacol, 160, 1872, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00864.x Hartl, 1996, Experimental antileukocyte interventions in cerebral ischemia, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 16, 1108, 10.1097/00004647-199611000-00004 Qiu, 2010, High-mobility group box 1 promotes metalloproteinase-9 upregulation through Toll-like receptor 4 after cerebral ischemia, Stroke, 41, 2077, 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.590463 Hyakkoku, 2010, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), but not TLR3 or TLR9, knock-out mice have neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia, Neuroscience, 171, 258, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.054 Hua, 2009, The TRIF-dependent signaling pathway is not required for acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 390, 678, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.027 Ziegler, 2007, TLR2 has a detrimental role in mouse transient focal cerebral ischemia, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 359, 574, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.157 Abe, 2010, Key role of CD36 in Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in cerebral ischemia, Stroke, 41, 898, 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.572552 Marsh, 2009, Systemic lipopolysaccharide protects the brain from ischemic injury by reprogramming the response of the brain to stroke: a critical role for IRF3, J Neurosci, 29, 9839, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2496-09.2009 Stevens, 2008, Toll-like receptor 9: a new target of ischemic preconditioning in the brain, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 28, 1040, 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600606 Pradillo, 2009, Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in neuroprotection afforded by ischemic preconditioning, J Neurochem, 109, 287, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05972.x Behin, 2003, Primary brain tumours in adults, Lancet, 361, 323, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12328-8 Hussain, 2006, Innate immune functions of microglia isolated from human glioma patients, J Transl Med, 4, 15, 10.1186/1479-5876-4-15 Grauer, 2008, TLR ligands in the local treatment of established intracerebral murine gliomas, J Immunol, 181, 6720, 10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.6720 Meng, 2008, Expression of TLR9 within human glioblastoma, J Neurooncol, 88, 19, 10.1007/s11060-008-9536-2 Alizadeh, 2010, Induction of anti-glioma natural killer cell response following multiple low-dose intracerebral CpG therapy, Clin Cancer Res, 16, 3399, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-3087 Grauer, 2007, CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells gradually accumulate in gliomas during tumor growth and efficiently suppress antiglioma immune responses in vivo, Int J Cancer, 121, 95, 10.1002/ijc.22607 Carpentier, 2006, Phase 1 trial of a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide for patients with recurrent glioblastoma, Neuro Oncol, 8, 60, 10.1215/S1522851705000475 Carpentier, 2010, Intracerebral administration of CpG oligonucleotide for patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a phase II study, Neuro Oncol, 12, 401, 10.1093/neuonc/nop047 Huang, 2008, TLR signaling by tumor and immune cells: a double-edged sword, Oncogene, 27, 218, 10.1038/sj.onc.1210904 Watkins, 2001, Glial activation: a driving force for pathological pain, Trends Neurosci, 24, 450, 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01854-3 Kim, 2007, A critical role of toll-like receptor 2 in nerve injury-induced spinal cord glial cell activation and pain hypersensitivity, J Biol Chem, 282, 14975, 10.1074/jbc.M607277200 Watkins, 2003, Glial proinflammatory cytokines mediate exaggerated pain states: implications for clinical pain, Adv Exp Med Biol, 521, 1 Shi, 2010, The role of TLR2 in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is essentially mediated through macrophages in peripheral inflammatory response, Glia, 59, 231, 10.1002/glia.21093 Milligan, 2009, Pathological and protective roles of glia in chronic pain, Nat Rev Neurosci, 10, 23, 10.1038/nrn2533 Obata, 2008, Toll-like receptor 3 contributes to spinal glial activation and tactile allodynia after nerve injury, J Neurochem, 105, 2249, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05353.x DeLeo, 2001, The role of neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation in persistent pain, Pain, 90, 1, 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00490-5 Wieseler-Frank, 2005, Central proinflammatory cytokines and pain enhancement, Neurosignals, 14, 166, 10.1159/000087655 Cao, 2009, The contributing role of CD14 in toll-like receptor 4 dependent neuropathic pain, Neuroscience, 158, 896, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.10.004 Tanga, 2005, The CNS role of Toll-like receptor 4 in innate neuroimmunity and painful neuropathy, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 5856, 10.1073/pnas.0501634102 Watkins, 2009, The “toll” of opioid-induced glial activation: improving the clinical efficacy of opioids by targeting glia, Trends Pharmacol Sci, 30, 581, 10.1016/j.tips.2009.08.002 Togbe, 2007, Murine cerebral malaria development is independent of toll-like receptor signaling, Am J Pathol, 170, 1640, 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060889 Lepenies, 2008, Induction of experimental cerebral malaria is independent of TLR2/4/9, Med Microbiol Immunol, 197, 39, 10.1007/s00430-007-0057-y Coban, 2007, Pathological role of Toll-like receptor signaling in cerebral malaria, Int Immunol, 19, 67, 10.1093/intimm/dxl123 Sam-Agudu, 2010, TLR9 polymorphisms are associated with altered IFN-gamma levels in children with cerebral malaria, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 82, 548, 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0467 Aravalli, 2005, Cutting edge: TLR2-mediated proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by microglial cells in response to herpes simplex virus, J Immunol, 175, 4189, 10.4049/jimmunol.175.7.4189 Kurt-Jones, 2004, Herpes simplex virus 1 interaction with Toll-like receptor 2 contributes to lethal encephalitis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 1315, 10.1073/pnas.0308057100 Aravalli, 2007, Toll-like receptor 2 signaling is a mediator of apoptosis in herpes simplex virus-infected microglia, J Neuroinflammation, 4, 11, 10.1186/1742-2094-4-11 Schachtele, 2010, Herpes simplex virus induces neural oxidative damage via microglial cell Toll-like receptor-2, J Neuroinflammation, 7, 35, 10.1186/1742-2094-7-35 Sorensen, 2008, TLR2 and TLR9 synergistically control herpes simplex virus infection in the brain, J Immunol, 181, 8604, 10.4049/jimmunol.181.12.8604 Zhang, 2007, TLR3 deficiency in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis, Science, 317, 1522, 10.1126/science.1139522 Perez de Diego, 2010, Human TRAF3 adaptor molecule deficiency leads to impaired Toll-like receptor 3 response and susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis, Immunity, 33, 400, 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.08.014 Casrouge, 2006, Herpes simplex virus encephalitis in human UNC-93B deficiency, Science, 314, 308, 10.1126/science.1128346 Lehnardt, 2007, TLR2 and caspase-8 are essential for group B Streptococcus-induced apoptosis in microglia, J Immunol, 179, 6134, 10.4049/jimmunol.179.9.6134 Puliti, 2009, Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency is associated with enhanced severity of group B streptococcal disease, Infect Immun, 77, 1524, 10.1128/IAI.00965-08 Echchannaoui, 2002, Toll-like receptor 2-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis because of reduced bacterial clearing and enhanced inflammation, J Infect Dis, 186, 798, 10.1086/342845 Koedel, 2003, Toll-like receptor 2 participates in mediation of immune response in experimental pneumococcal meningitis, J Immunol, 170, 438, 10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.438 Liu, 2009, Microglial activation by Citrobacter koseri is mediated by TLR4- and MyD88-dependent pathways, J Immunol, 183, 5537, 10.4049/jimmunol.0900083 Hawn, 2006, A polymorphism in Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein is associated with susceptibility to meningeal tuberculosis, J Infect Dis, 194, 1127, 10.1086/507907 Thuong, 2007, A polymorphism in human TLR2 is associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculous meningitis, Genes Immun, 8, 422, 10.1038/sj.gene.6364405 Rolls, 2007, Toll-like receptors modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, Nat Cell Biol, 9, 1081, 10.1038/ncb1629 Saper, 2009, A guide to the perplexed on the specificity of antibodies, J Histochem Cytochem, 57, 1, 10.1369/jhc.2008.952770 Bsibsi, 2006, Toll-like receptor 3 on adult human astrocytes triggers production of neuroprotective mediators, Glia, 53, 688, 10.1002/glia.20328 Carpentier, 2005, Differential activation of astrocytes by innate and adaptive immune stimuli, Glia, 49, 360, 10.1002/glia.20117 Prehaud, 2005, Virus infection switches TLR-3-positive human neurons to become strong producers of beta interferon, J Virol, 79, 12893, 10.1128/JVI.79.20.12893-12904.2005 Marta, 2009, Regulation of autoimmune encephalomyelitis by toll-like receptors, Autoimmun Rev, 8, 506, 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.01.006 Lin, 2005, Toll-like receptor 4 gene C119A but not Asp299Gly polymorphism is associated with ischemic stroke among ethnic Chinese in Taiwan, Atherosclerosis, 180, 305, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.022