Location of innervation zones of sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles – a basis for clinical and research electromyography applications

Anders, 2000, Characterisation of dynamic muscle capacity in post-polio patients using surface electromyography, Physikalische Medizin Rehabilitationsmedizin Kurortmedizin, 10, 206, 10.1055/s-2008-1061769 Barton, 1996, Neck flexor muscle strength, efficiency, and relaxation times in normal subjects and subjects with unilateral neck pain and headache, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 77, 680, 10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90008-8 Bergamo R, Gazzoni M, Farina D, Lantermo A, Merletti R, Sanfilippo C, Titolo M. Multichannel surface EMG of muscles of the hand and forearm. Proceedings of the Symposium on Muscular Disorders in Computer Users. Copenhagen, 1999. p. 198–202. Costa, 1990, Electromyographic study of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in head movements, Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol, 30, 429 Cram, 1999, Dynamic surface electromyographic evaluations for cervical flexion studies, Am J Pain Manage, 9, 60 Cram, 1999, Cervical flexion: a study of dynamic surface electromyography and range of motion, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 22, 570, 10.1016/S0161-4754(99)70016-3 Estenne, 1998, Neck and abdominal muscle activity in patients with severe thoracic scoliosis, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158, 452, 10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9710116 Gogia, 1991, Changes in fatigue characteristics of cervical paraspinal muscles with posture, Spine, 16, 1135, 10.1097/00007632-199110000-00001 Gogia, 1994, Electromyographic analysis of neck muscle fatigue in patients with osteoarthritis of the cervical spine, Spine, 19, 502, 10.1097/00007632-199403000-00002 Hamilton, 1996, Source document position as it affects head position and neck muscle tension, Ergonomics, 39, 593, 10.1080/00140139608964483 Harvey, 1997, Surface electromyography and mouse use position, Ergonomics, 40, 781, 10.1080/001401397187775 Hermens, 1999 Hermens, 2000, Development of recommendations for SEMG sensor and sensor placement procedures, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 5, 361, 10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00027-4 Jull, 2000, Deep cervical flexor muscle dysfunction in whiplash, J Musculoskel Pain, 8, 143, 10.1300/J094v08n01_12 Masuda, 1985, The position of innervation zones in the biceps brachii investigated by surface electromyography, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 32, 36, 10.1109/TBME.1985.325614 Mathiassen, 1997, Amplitude aspects and functional considerations on surface EMG electrode displacement with particular emphasis on the upper trapezius muscle, 84 Merletti R, Balestra G, Knaflitz M. Effect of FFT based algorithms on estimation of myoelectric signal spectral parameters. Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Seattle, 1989. p. 1022–3. Merletti, 1990, Myoelectric manifestation of fatigue in voluntary and electrically elicited contractions, J Appl Physiol, 69, 1810, 10.1152/jappl.1990.69.5.1810 Merletti, 1999, Non-invasive assessment of motor unit properties with linear electrode arrays, 293 Merletti, 2001, Surface electromyography for non-invasive characterization of muscle, Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 29, 20, 10.1097/00003677-200101000-00005 Rainoldi, 2000, Geometrical factors in surface EMG of the vastus medialis and lateralis, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 10, 327, 10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00024-9 Roy, 1986, Effects of electrode location on myoelectric conduction velocity and median frequency estimates, J Appl Physiol, 61, 1510, 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.4.1510 Saitou K, Okada M, Sadoyama T. Effect on surface EMG waveforms of electrode location with respect to the neuromuscular junctions: its significance in EMG-muscle length relation. Proceedings of the 8th Congress of ISEK. Baltimore, 1990. p. 27–30. Schuldt, 1987, Influence of sitting postures on neck and shoulder EMG during arm-hand work movements, Clin Biomech, 2, 126, 10.1016/0268-0033(87)90003-9 Sommerich, 2000, Use of surface electromyography to estimate neck muscle activity, J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 10, 377, 10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00033-X