Influences of three oceans on record-breaking rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley in June 2020
Tóm tắt
The rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) in June 2020 broke the record since 1979. Here we show that all three oceans of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans contribute to the YRV rainfall in June 2020, but the Atlantic plays a dominant role. The sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in three oceans are associated with the two vorticity anomalies: negative 200-hPa relative vorticity anomalies over North China (NC) and negative 850-hPa relative vorticity anomalies in the South China Sea (SCS). The rainfall anomalies in the YRV are mainly controlled by atmospheric process associated with the NC vorticity. The positive SST anomalies in May over the western North Atlantic induce positive geopotential height anomalies in June over the mid-latitude North Atlantic, which affect the rainfall anomalies in the YRV by changing the NC vorticity via Atlantic-induced atmospheric wave train across Europe. The Indian Ocean and tropical North Atlantic, as capacitors of Pacific El Niño events in the preceding winter, affect the SCS vorticity associated with the anomalous anticyclone over the SCS and also facilitate the YRV rainfall by providing favorable moisture conditions. This study suggests that the May SST over the western North Atlantic is a good predictor of June rainfall anomalies in the YRV and highlights the important impacts of three-ocean SSTs on extreme weather and climate events in China.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Chen M, Xie P, Janowiak J E, Arkin P A. 2002. Global land precipitation: A 50-yr monthly analysis based on gauge observations. J Hydrometeor, 3: 249–266
Chen Z, Du Y, Wen Z, Wu R, Xie S P. 2019. Evolution of south tropical Indian Ocean warming and the climatic impacts following strong El Niño events. J Clim, 32: 7329–7347
Ding R, Ha K J, Li J. 2010. Interdecadal shift in the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon and the tropical Indian Ocean. Clim Dyn, 34: 1059–1071
Ding Y, Chan J C L. 2005. The East Asian summer monsoon: An overview. Meteorol Atmos Phys, 89: 117–142
Ding Y, Liang P, Liu Y, Zhang Y. 2020. Multiscale variability of Meiyu and its prediction: A new review. J Geophys Res Atmos, 125: e31496
Huang B, Thorne P W, Banzon V F, Boyer T, Chepurin G, Lawrimore J H, Menne M J, Smith T M, Vose R S, Zhang H M. 2017. Extended reconstructed sea surface temperature, version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, validations, and intercomparisons. J Clim, 30: 8179–8205
Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, Collins W, Deaven D, Gandin L, Iredell M, Saha S, White G, Woollen J, Zhu Y, Leetmaa A, Reynolds R, Chelliah M, Ebisuzaki W, Higgins W, Janowiak J, Mo K C, Ropelewski C, Wang J, Jenne R, Joseph D. 1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year re-analysis project. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 77: 437–472
Li J, Zeng Q. 2002. A unified monsoon index. Geophys Res Lett, 29: 115-1–115-4
Liu B, Yan Y, Zhu C, Ma S, Li J. 2020. Record-Breaking Meiyu Rainfall Around the Yangtze River in 2020 Regulated by the Subseasonal Phase Transition of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett, 47: e90342
Lu R. 2002. Indices of the summertime western North Pacific subtropical high. Adv Atmos Sci, 19: 1004–1028
Lu R, Dong B. 2005. Impact of Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies on the summer climate in the western North Pacific during 1997–1998. J Geophys Res, 110: D16102
Lu R, Ying L, Ryu C S. 2008. Relationship between the zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high and the dominant modes of low-tropospheric circulation in summer. Prog Nat Sci, 18: 161–165
Nan S, Li J. 2003. The relationship between the summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and the boreal spring Southern Hemisphere annular mode. Geophys Res Lett, 30: 2266
Rong X Y, Zhang R H, Li T. 2010. Impacts of Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies on Indo-East Asian summer monsoon-ENSO relationship. Chin Sci Bull, 55: 2458–2468
Sun J, Ming J, Zhang M, Yu S. 2018. Circulation features associated with the record-breaking rainfall over South China in June 2017. J Clim, 31: 7209–7224
Takaya Y, Ishikawa I, Kobayashi C, Endo H, Ose T. 2020. Enhanced Meiyu-Baiu rainfall in early summer 2020: Aftermath of the 2019 super IOD event. Geophys Res Lett, 47: 1–9
Takaya K, Nakamura H. 2001. A formulation of a phase-independent wave-activity flux for stationary and migratory quasigeostrophic eddies on a zonally varying basic flow. J Atmos Sci, 58: 608–627
Wang C. 2019. Three-ocean interactions and climate variability: A review and perspective. Clim Dyn, 53: 5119–5136, doi: 10.1007/s00382-019-04930-x
Wang L, Gu W. 2016. The Eastern China flood of June 2015 and its causes. Sci Bull, 61: 178–184
Wang L, Yu J Y, Paek H. 2017. Enhanced biennial variability in the Pacific due to Atlantic capacitor effect. Nat Commun, 8: 14887
Wu Z, Wang B, Li J, Jin F F. 2009. An empirical seasonal prediction model of the East Asian summer monsoon using ENSO and NAO. J Geophys Res, 114: D18120
Xie P, Arkin P A. 1997. Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 78: 2539–2558
Xie S P, Hu K, Hafner J, Tokinaga H, Du Y, Huang G, Sampe T. 2009. Indian Ocean capacitor effect on Indo-western Pacific climate during the summer following El Niño. J Clim, 22: 730–747
Yang H, Sun S. 2005. The characteristics of longitudinal movement of the subtropical high in the western Pacific in the pre-rainy season in South China. Adv Atmos Sci, 22: 392–400
Yuan C, Liu J, Luo J J, Guan Z. 2019. Influences of tropical Indian and Pacific oceans on the interannual variations of precipitation in the early and late rainy seasons in South China. J Clim, 32: 3681–3694