Wake field studies of tidal current turbines with different numerical methods

£20 Million Boost for UK Marine Power, 2013. Available from the Internet, 〈https://www.gov.uk/government/news/20-million-boost-for-uk-marine-power〉. Bahaj, A.S., Myers, L.E., Thompson, G., 2007. Characterising the wake of horizontal axis marine current turbines. In: Proceeding of the 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference. Bai, L., Spence, R.R.G., Dudziak, G., 2009. Investigation of the influence of array arrangement and spacing on tidal energy converter(TEC) performance using a 3-dimensional CFD model. In: Proceedings of the 8th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference. Batten, 2008, The prediction of the hydrodynamic performance of marine current turbines, Renew. Energy, 33, 1085, 10.1016/j.renene.2007.05.043 Batten, 2013, Accuracy of the actuator disc-RANS approach for predicting the performance and wake of tidal turbines, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A, 371, 1985, 10.1098/rsta.2012.0293 Blackmore, T., Batten,W.M.J., Harrison, M.E., Bahaj, A.S., 2011. The sensitivity of actuator-disc RANS simulations to turbulence length scale assumptions. In: Proceedings 9th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference. Blanco, J.M., 2009. Investigation of turbine interactioins in a tidal device. School of Engineering, Cranfield University, pp. 1–89. Chick, J., 2009. CFD modeling of the wake interactions of two wind turbines on a Gaussian hill. In: Proceedings of the 5th European & African Conference on Wind Engineering. Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project, 2012. Available from the Internet, 〈http://mhk.pnnl.gov/annex-iv-sites/cobscook-bay-tidal-energy-project〉. Fraenkel, P., 2010. Practical tidal turbine design considerations: a review of technical alternatives and key design decisions leading to the development of the SeaGen 1.2MW tidal turbine. In: Proceedings of the Fluid Machinery Group-Ocean Power Fluid Machinery Seminar. Harrison, 2010, Comparison between CFD simulations and experiments for predicting the far wake of horizontal axis tidal turbines, IET Renew. Power Gener., 4, 613, 10.1049/iet-rpg.2009.0193 Harrison, 2010, A blade element actuator disc approach applied to tidal stream turbines, OCEANS, 1 Javaherchi, T., 2010. Numerical modeling of tidal turbines: methodology development and potential physical environmental effects. Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, pp. 1–158. Javaherchi, T., Stelzenmuller, N., Aliseda, A., 2013. Experimental and numerical analysis of the DOE reference model 1 horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine. In: Proceeding of the 1st Marine Energy Technology Symposium (METS), pp. 1–11. Jourieh, 2006, Hybrid rotor models for the numerical optimisation of wind turbine farms, IEEE, 173 Lawson, M.J., Li, Y., Sale, D.C., 2011. Development and verification of a computational fluid dynamics model of a horizontal-axis tidal current turbine. In: Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore, and Arctic Engineering, OMAE, pp. 1–10. Li, 2010, A discrete vortex method for simulating a stand-alone tidal-current turbine: Modeling and validation, J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng., 132, 1, 10.1115/1.4000499 Li, 2010, Estimating power output from a tidal current turbine farm with first-order approximation of hydrodynamic interaction between turbines, Int. J. Green Energy, 7, 153, 10.1080/15435071003673609 Major Boost for Wave and Tidal Industry, 2013. Available from the Internet, 〈http://news.scotland.gov.uk/News/Major-boost-for-wave-and-tidal-industry-424.aspx〉. Malki, 2014, Planning tidal stream turbine array layouts using a coupled blade element momentum–computational fluid dynamics model, Renew. Energy, 63, 46, 10.1016/j.renene.2013.08.039 Mansour, 2011, Effects of turbulence model in computational fluid dynamics of horizontal axis wind turbine aerodynamic, WSEAS Trans. Appl. Theor. Mech., 6, 108 Martínez, L.A., Leonardi, S., Churchfield, M.J., Moriarty, P.J., 2012. A comparison of actuator disk and actuator line wind turbine models and best practices for their use. In: Proceedings of the 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition AIAA 2012-0900, pp. 1–13. Mycek, 2013, Numerical and experimental study of the interaction between two marine current turbines, Int. J. Mar. Energy, 1, 70, 10.1016/j.ijome.2013.05.007 Myers, 2010, Experimental analysis of the flow field around horizontal axis tidal turbines by use of scale mesh disk rotor simulators, Ocean Eng., 37, 218, 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.11.004 Myers, 2012, An experimental investigation simulating flow effects in first generation marine current energy converter arrays, Renew. Energy, 37, 28, 10.1016/j.renene.2011.03.043 Nishino, 2012, Effects of 3-D channel blockage and turbulent wake mixing on the limit of power extraction by tidal turbines, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 37, 123, 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2012.05.002 Offshore Wind Turbines Keep Growing in Size, 2011, Available from Internet, 〈http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/offshore-wind-turbines-keep/〉. Parkinson, S.G., Stallard, T., Thomson, M., Wickham, A., Willden, R., 2012. Comparison of scale model wake data with an energy yield analysis tool for tidal turbine farms. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Ocean Energy, pp. 1–5. Pham, C.-T., Martin V.A., 2009. Tidal current turbine demonstration farm in Paimpol-Brehat (Brittany): Tidal characterisation and energy yield evaluation. In: Proceeding of the 8th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, pp. 181–188. Sanderse, B., 2009. Aerodynamics of wind turbine wakes. Available from the Internet, 〈http://www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2009/e09016.pdf〉. Shen, 2005, Tip loss corrections for wind turbine computations, Wind Energy, 8, 457, 10.1002/we.153 Stallard, 2013, Interactions between tidal turbine wakes: experimental study of a group of three-bladed rotors, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A, 371, 1985, 10.1098/rsta.2012.0159 Sun, 2008, 1 Sun, 2008, An experimental survey in the wake of a simulated tidal current turbine, J. Mar. Eng. Technol., 12, 13, 10.1080/20464177.2008.11020210 Tachos, 2010, A comparative numerical study of four turbulence models for the prediction of horizontal axis wind turbine flow, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 224, 1973, 10.1243/09544062JMES1901 Tidal Array to be Built Off Alderney 'by 2020', 2014. Available from the Internet, 〈http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-guernsey-26969487〉. Turnock, 2011, Modelling tidal current turbine wakes using a coupled RANS-BEMT approach as a tool for analysing power capture of arrays of turbines, Ocean Eng., 38, 1300, 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2011.05.018 Walker, 2013, Barriers to the deployment of a 100MW tidal array in the UK, Int. J. Energy Eng., 3, 80, 10.5963/IJEE0303004 White, 1999, P301