Comparison of nitrogenous losses in five teleost fish species

Aminot, 1982, Dosage automatique de l'urée dans l'eau de mer: une méthode très sensible à la diacetyl monoxime, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 39, 174, 10.1139/f82-020 Arzel, 1994, Effect of dietary lipid on growth performance and body composition of brown trout (Salmo trutta) reared in seawater, Aquaculture, 123, 361, 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90071-X Ballestrazzi, 1994, The effect of dietary protein level and source on growth, body composition, total ammonia and reactive phosphate excretion of growing sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Aquaculture, 127, 197, 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90426-X Beamish, 1984, Effects of dietary protein and lipid on nitrogen losses in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, Aquaculture, 41, 359, 10.1016/0044-8486(84)90203-5 Bolin, 1952, A simplified method for the determination of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) when used as an index substance, Science, 116, 634, 10.1126/science.116.3023.634 Brett, 1975, Daily pattern of nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) under controlled conditions, J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 32, 2479, 10.1139/f75-285 Brown, 1959, Comparative biochemistry of urea synthesis. 1. Methods for quantitative assay of urea cycle enzymes in liver, J. Biol. Chem., 234, 1769, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69923-5 Brown, 1960, Comparative biochemistry of urea synthesis. 3. Activities of urea-cycle enzymes in various higher and lower vertebrates, Biochem. J., 75, 82, 10.1042/bj0750082 Caceres-Martines, 1984, Nutrition requirements of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.): I. A preliminary study of protein and lipid utilization, J. World Maricult. Soc., 15, 191, 10.1111/j.1749-7345.1984.tb00153.x Chiu, 1986, Urea cycle activity and arginine formation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), J. Nutr., 116, 1640, 10.1093/jn/116.9.1640 Cho, 1982, Bioenergetics of salmonid fishes: energy intake, expenditure and productivity, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 73B, 25 Cho, 1991, Quantification of fish culture wastes by biological (nutritional) and chemical (limnological) methods; the development of high nutrient dense (HDN) diets, 37 Choubert, 1982, Digestibility in fish: improved device for the automatic collection of faeces, Aquaculture, 29, 185, 10.1016/0044-8486(82)90048-5 Cockeroft, 1989, Nitrogen and energy losses via non faecal excretion in the marine teleost lithognathus lithognathus, Mar. Biol., 101, 419, 10.1007/BF00428139 Colombo, 1984, Arginase, Vol. IV, 285 Corti, 1985, Oebalia XI, 85 Dosdat, 1992, L'excrétion chez les poissons téléostéens. I, L'azote. Pisc. Fr., 108, 25 Dosdat, 1994, Marine aquaculture effluent monitoring: methodological approach to the evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion by fish, Aqua. Eng., 14, 59, 10.1016/0144-8609(94)P4427-D Dosdat, 1995, Nitrogenous excretion in juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), under controlled conditions, Aquacult. Res., 26, 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00955.x Durbin, 1981, Assimilation efficiency and nitrogen excretion of a filter-feeding planktivore, the Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Pisces, Clupeidae), Fish. Bull., 79, 601 Echevarria, 1993, Study of nitrogen excretion in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.): influence of nutritional state, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 105A, 17, 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90167-3 Elliott, 1975, Number of meals in a day, maximum weight of food consumed in a day and maximum rate of feeding for brown trout Salmo trutta L, Freshwater Biol., 5, 287, 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1975.tb00142.x Elliott, 1976, Energy losses in the waste products of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), J. Anim. Ecol., 45, 561, 10.2307/3891 Fauconneau, 1979, Influence d'une élévation de la température sur l'évolution de l'aminoacidémie et de l'ammoniémie après le repas chez la truite arc en ciel (Salmo gairdneri R.), Ann. Biol. Anim. Biochim. Biophys., 19, 1063, 10.1051/rnd:19790708 Fivelstad, 1990, Metabolic production rates from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) reared in single pass land-based brackish water and sea-water systems, Aqua. Eng., 9, 1, 10.1016/0144-8609(90)90008-N Forster, 1969, Formation of excretory products, Vol. 1, 313 Gershanovich, 1992, The peculiarities of nitrogen excretion in sturgeons (Acipenser ruthenus) (Pisces, Acipenseridae). I. The influence of ration size, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 103A, 609, 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90297-4 Guérin-Ancey, 1976, Etude expérimentale de l'excrétion azotée du bar (Dicentrarchus labrax) en cours de croissance. I. Effets de la température et du poids du corps sur l'excrétion d'ammoniac et d'urée, Aquaculture, 9, 71, 10.1016/0044-8486(76)90049-1 Guillaume, 1991, Les bases de la nutrition des salmonidés. III. Formulation des aliments, Pisc. Fr., 104, 25 Handy, 1993, Nitrogen pollution in mariculture: toxicity and excretion of nitrogenous compounds by marine fish, Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 3, 205, 10.1007/BF00043929 Hasegawa, 1993, Functional expression of cAMP-dependent and independent urea transporters in Xenopus oocytes, Am. J. Physiol., 265, C514, 10.1152/ajpcell.1993.265.2.C514 Hidalgo, 1987, Influence of water temperature on food intake, food efficiency and gross composition of juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, Aquaculture, 64, 199, 10.1016/0044-8486(87)90325-5 Huggins, 1969, Omithine-urea cycle enzymes in teleostean fish, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 28, 587, 10.1016/0010-406X(69)92091-X James, 1989, Nitrogen excretion and absorption efficiencies of the Cape anchovy Engraulis capensis gilchrist fed upon a variety of plankton diets, J. Exp. Biol. Ecol., 131, 101, 10.1016/0022-0981(89)90002-6 Jobling, 1981, Some effects of temperature, feeding and body weight on nitrogenous excretion in young plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L., J. Fish Biol., 18, 87, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1981.tb03763.x Kaushik, 1980, Influence of nutritional status on the daily patterns of nitrogen excretion in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.), Reprod., Nutr. Dév., 20, 1751, 10.1051/rnd:19801002 Kaushik, 1990, Nutrition et alimentation des poissons et contrôle des déchets piscicoles, Pisc. Fr., 101, 14 Kaushik, 1991, Ammoniogenesis and dietary factors affecting nitrogen excretion, 3 Kaushik, 1988, Effect of frequency of feeding on nitrogen and energy balance in rainbow trout under maintenance conditions, Aquaculture, 73, 207, 10.1016/0044-8486(88)90055-5 Kikuchi, 1991, Effect of feeding on nitrogen excretion of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 57, 2059, 10.2331/suisan.57.2059 Kikuchi, 1992, Nitrogenous excretion of juvenile and young Japanese flounder, Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 58, 2329, 10.2331/suisan.58.2329 Lanari, 1993, Effect of protein level in high energy feeds on effluent quality and performance and digestibility in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Riv. Ital. Aquacolt., 28, 127 Mommsen, 1992, Biochemical end environmental perspectives on nitrogen metabolism in fishes, Experientia, 48, 583, 10.1007/BF01920243 Person-Le Ruyet, 1995, Comparative acute ammonia toxicity in marine fish and plasma ammonia response, Aquaculture, 136, 181, 10.1016/0044-8486(95)01026-2 Porter, 1987, Ammonia excretion and total N budget for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and its effect on water quality conditions, Aquaculture, 66, 287, 10.1016/0044-8486(87)90114-1 Portugal, 1983, Arginase activity in different fish species and tissues, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 76B, 15 Ramnarine, 1987, The influence of ration size and feeding frequency on ammonia excretion by juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L, J. Fish Biol., 31, 545, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05257.x Randall, 1987, Ammonia distribution and excretion in fish, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 3, 107, 10.1007/BF02180412 Sayer, 1987, The relative importance of the gills to ammonia and urea excretion in five seawater and one freshwater teleost species, J. Fish Biol., 31, 561, 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05258.x Shimeno, 1993, Post-feeding changes of digestion and plasma constituent in young yellowtail fed with raw fish and formulated diets, Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 59, 507, 10.2331/suisan.59.507 Spyridakis, 1989, Utilisation des protéines alimentaires chez le bar (Dicentrarchus labrax), 192 Steffens, 1989, Principles of Fish Nutrition, 384 Tatrai, 1981, Diurnal pattern of the ammonia and urea excretion of feeding and starved bream, Abramis brama L., Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 70A, 211, 10.1016/0300-9629(81)91447-X Tibaldi, 1994, Arginine requirement and effect of different dietary arginine and lysine levels for fingerling sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Aquaculture, 127, 207, 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90427-8 Tréguer, 1975, 110 Vellas, 1970, L'urée chez quelques téléostéens d'eau douce, Arch. Sci. Physiol., 24, 307 Vitale-Lelong, 1989, Bilan azoté du loup (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) en cours de prégrossissement, Vie Marine, Hors série 11, 111 Walton, 1982, Aspects of intermediary metabolism in salmonid fish, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 73B, 59 Wallon, 1986, Dietary requirements of rainbow trout for tryptophan, lysine and arginine determined by growth and biochemical measurements, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 2, 161, 10.1007/BF02264084 Wilkie, 1991, Nitrogenous waste excretion, acid-base regulation, and ionoregulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to extremely alkaline water, Physiol. Zool., 64, 1069, 10.1086/physzool.64.4.30157957 Wilson, 1992, Transbranchial ammonia gradients and acid-base responses to high external ammonia concentration in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) acclimated to different salinities, J. Exp. Biol., 166, 95, 10.1242/jeb.166.1.95 Wilson, 1994, Ammonia excretion in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the importance of gill boundary layer acidification: lack of evidence for Na+NH4+ exchange, J. Exp. Biol., 191, 37, 10.1242/jeb.191.1.37 Wood, 1958, Nitrogen excretion in some marine teleosts, Can. J. Biochem. Physiol., 36, 1237, 10.1139/o58-134 Wright, 1993, Ammonia and urea excretion in Lahontan cuttthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) adapted to the alkaline Pyramid lake (pH 9.4), J. Exp. Biol., 175, 153, 10.1242/jeb.175.1.153 Yousef, 1989, A method to distinguish between pore and carrier kinetics applied to urea transport across the erythrocyte membrane, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 984, 281, 10.1016/0005-2736(89)90294-0