Analgesic profile of peroral and topical ketoprofen upon low pH-induced muscle pain

Airaksinen, 1993, Ketoprofen 2.5 gel versus placebo gel in the treatment of acute soft tissue injuries., Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol, 31, 561 Altindal, 2000, Topical ASA is as effective as systemic ASA in pH-induced cutaneous pain., Soc Neurosci Abstr, 26, 1694 Baixauli, 1990, Percutaneous treatment of acute soft tissue lesions with naproxen gel and ketoprofen gel., J Int Med Res, 18, 372, 10.1177/030006059001800505 Ballerini, 1986, Study on the absorption of ketoprofen topically administered in man: comparison between tissue and plasma levels., Int J Clin Pharmacol Res, 6, 69 Becker, 1996, Phototoxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: in vitro studies with visible light., Acta Derm Venereol, 76, 337, 10.2340/0001555576337340 Berner, 1989, Percutaneous ibuprofen therapy with Trauma-Dolgit gel: bioequivalence studies., Drugs Exp Clin Res, 15, 559 Brady, 1997, Pharmacotherapy and osteoarthritis., Baillieres Clin Rheumatol, 11, 749, 10.1016/S0950-3579(97)80008-8 Brune, 1991, Aspirin-like drugs may block pain independently of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition., Experientia, 47, 257, 10.1007/BF01958153 Bustamante, 1997, Effects of intrathecal or intracerebroventricular administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on a C-fiber reflex in rats., J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 281, 1381 Cashman, 1996, The mechanisms of action of NSAIDs in analgesia., Drugs, 5, 13, 10.2165/00003495-199600525-00004 Cesare, 1997, Peripheral pain mechanisms., Curr Opin Neurobiol, 7, 493, 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80028-1 Chleboun, 1998, Relationship between muscle swelling and stiffness after eccentric exercise., Med Sci Sports Exer, 30, 529, 10.1097/00005768-199804000-00010 Dominkus, 1996, Comparison of tissue and plasma levels of ibuprofen after oral and topical administration., Arzneimittelforschung, 46, 1138 Foley, 1999, MR measurements of muscle damage and adaptation after eccentric exercise., J Appl Physiol, 87, 2311, 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2311 Gebhardt, 1995, Cutaneous side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs., Z Rheumatol, 54, 405 Giese, 1990, Absorption and distribution of ibuprofen from a cream formulation after dermal administration to guinea pigs., Arzneimittelforschung, 40, 84 Graven-Nielsen, 1997, In vivo model of muscle pain: quantification of intramuscular chemical, electrical, and pressure changes associated with saline-induced muscle pain in humans., Pain, 69, 137, 10.1016/S0304-3959(96)03270-8 Griffin, 2000, Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and acute renal failure in elderly persons., Am J Epidemiol, 151, 488, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010234 Hernandez-Diaz, 2000, Association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and upper gastrointestinal tract bleedingperforation: an overview of epidemiologic studies published in the 1990s., Arch Intern Med, 160, 2093, 10.1001/archinte.160.14.2093 Herrero, 1997, Central and peripheral actions of the NSAID ketoprofen on spinal cord nociceptive reflexes., Neuropharmacology, 36, 1425, 10.1016/S0028-3908(97)00120-2 Hummel, 1995, Tonic versus phasic pain: dose-related effects of ketoprofen., Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 49, 7, 10.1007/BF00192351 Issberner, 1996, Pain due to tissue acidosis: a mechanism for inflammatory and ischemic myalgia?, Neurosci Lett, 208, 191, 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12576-3 Kantor, 1986, Ketoprofen: a review of its pharmacologic and clinical properties., Pharmacotherapy, 6, 93, 10.1002/j.1875-9114.1986.tb03459.x Kataoka, 1997, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs., Free Radical Res, 27, 419, 10.3109/10715769709065781 Kellgren, 1938, Observations on referred pain arising from muscle., Clin Sci, 3, 175 Lang, 1990, Chemosensitivity of fine afferents from rat skin, in vitro., J Neurophysiol, 63, 887, 10.1152/jn.1990.63.4.887 Le Loet, 1989, Safety of ketoprofen in the elderly: a prospective study on 20,000 patients., Scand J Rheumatol, 83, 21, 10.3109/03009748909101474 Matucci-Cerinic, 1988, Ketoprofen versus etofenamate in a controlled double-blind study: evidence of topical effectiveness in soft tissue rheumatic pain., Int J Clin Pharmacol Res, 8, 157 Mizumura, 1987, Effects of prostaglandins and other putative chemical intermediaries on the activity of canine testicular polymodal receptors studied in vitro., Pflugers Arch, 408, 565, 10.1007/BF00581157 Moore, 1998, Quantitative systematic review of topically applied non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs., Br Med J, 316, 333, 10.1136/bmj.316.7128.333 Neugebauer, 1989, Sensitization of articular afferents to mechanical stimuli by bradykinin., Pflugers Arch, 415, 330, 10.1007/BF00370884 Rueff, 1993, Pharmacological characterization of the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and different prostaglandins on peripheral sensory neurons in vitro., Agents Actions, 38, C13, 10.1007/BF01991122 Schaible, 1988, Excitation and sensitization of fine articular afferents from cats knee joint by prostaglandin E2. J Physiol (Lond., ), 403, 91 Seth, 1992, Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability study of percutaneous absorption of diclofenac from two topical formulations containing drug as a solution gel or as an emulsion gel., Arzneimittelforschung, 42, 120 Sidiropoulos, 1998, Low pH-induced pain in human skin is enhanced by PGE2., Soc Neurosci Abstr, 24, 2087 Steen, 1993, Sustained graded pain and hyperalgesia from harmless experimental tissue acidosis in human skin., Neurosci Lett, 154, 113, 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90184-M Steen, 1992, Protons selectively induce lasting excitation and sensitization to mechanical stimulation of nociceptors in rat skin, in vitro., J Neurosci, 12, 86, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-01-00086.1992 Steen, 1995, Pain due to experimental acidosis in human skin: evidence for non-adapting nociceptor excitation., Neurosci Lett, 199, 29, 10.1016/0304-3940(95)12002-L Steen, 1995, Topical acetylsalicylic, salicylic acid and indomethacin suppress pain from experimental tissue acidosis in human skin., Pain, 62, 339, 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00011-G Steen, 1996, Inflammatory mediators potentiate pain induced by experimental tissue acidosis., Pain, 66, 163, 10.1016/0304-3959(96)03034-5 Steen, 1996, Dose-dependent competitive block by topical acetylsalicylic and salicylic acid of low pH-induced cutaneous pain., Pain, 64, 71, 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00087-9 Steen, 2000, Plasma levels after peroral and topical ibuprofen and effects upon low pH-induced cutaneous and muscle pain., Eur J Pain, 4, 195, 10.1053/eujp.2000.0173 Suh, 1997, Pharmacokinetic and local tissue disposition studies of naproxen following topical and systemic administration in dogs and rats., Biopharm Drug Dispos, 18, 623, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-081X(199710)18:7<623::AID-BDD46>3.0.CO;2-V Svensson, 1997, Effect of systemic versus topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postexercise jaw-muscle soreness: a placebo-controlled study., J Orofac Pain, 11, 353 Taburet, 1995, Pharmacokinetic comparison of oral and local action transcutaneous flurbiprofen in healthy volunteers., J Clin Pharm Ther, 20, 101, 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1995.tb00636.x Tegeder, 1999, Application of microdialysis for the determination of muscle and subcutaneous tissue concentrations after oral and topical ibuprofen administration., Clin Pharmacol Ther, 65, 357, 10.1016/S0009-9236(99)70128-1 Towheed, 1997, A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of pharmacological therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee, with an emphasis on trial methodology., Semin Arthritis Rheum, 26, 755, 10.1016/S0049-0172(97)80043-1 Vaile, 1998, Topical NSAIDs for musculoskeletal conditions. A review of the literature., Drugs, 56, 783, 10.2165/00003495-199856050-00004 van den Ouweland, 1989, Transcutaneous absorption of naproxen gel., Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 36, 209, 10.1007/BF00609198 Waikakul, 1997, Topical analgesics for knee arthrosis: a parallel study of ketoprofen gel and diclofenac emulgel., J Med Assoc Thailand, 80, 593 Willer, 1989, Central analgesic effect of ketoprofen in humans: electrophysiological evidence for a supraspinal mechanism in a double-blind and cross-over study., Pain, 38, 1, 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90065-1