Radiation exposure in bone mineral density assessment

Applied Radiation and Isotopes - Tập 50 - Trang 215-236 - 1999
Christopher F. Njeh1, Thomas Fuerst1, Didier Hans1, Glen M. Blake2, Harry K. Genant1
1Osteoporosis and Arthritis Research Group, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK

Tài liệu tham khảo

Adams, 1997, Single and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, Eur. Radiol., 7 (Suppl. 2), S20, 10.1007/PL00006861 Anonymous, 1993, Consensus development conference: diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis, Am. J. Med., 94, 646, 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90218-E Banks, 1986, Modified method of spinal computed tomography for trabecular bone mineral measurements, J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr., 10, 463, 10.1097/00004728-198605000-00001 Banks, L. M., Van Kuijk, C., Genant, H. K., 1995. Radiographic Technique for Assessing Osteoporotic Vertebral Deformity. In Vertebral Fracture in Osteoporosis, pp. 131–147. Radiology Research and Education Foundation, San Francisco Bezakova, 1997, Absorbed dose measurements in dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), Br. J. Radiol., 70, 172, 10.1259/bjr.70.830.9135444 Blake, 1997, Technical principles of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, Semin. Nucl. Med., 27, 210, 10.1016/S0001-2998(97)80025-6 Blake, 1992, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: the effects of beam hardening on bone density measurements, Med. Phys., 19, 459, 10.1118/1.596834 Blake, 1997, Vertebral morphometry studies using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, Semin. Nucl. Med., 27, 276, 10.1016/S0001-2998(97)80029-3 Cameron, 1963, Measurement of bone mineral in vivo: an improved method, Science, 142, 230, 10.1126/science.142.3589.230 Cann, 1988, Quantitative CT for determination of bone mineral density: a review, Radiology, 166, 509, 10.1148/radiology.166.2.3275985 Chapple, 1993, Radiation doses to paediatric patients undergoing less common radiological procedures involving fluoroscopy, Br. J. Radiol., 66, 823, 10.1259/0007-1285-66-789-823 Cooper, 1991, Screening for vertebral osteoporosis using individual risk factors. The Multicentre Vertebral Fracture Study Group, Osteoporos. Int., 2, 48, 10.1007/BF01627079 Cosman, 1991, Radiographic absorptiometry: a simple method for determination of bone mass, Osteoporosis Int., 2, 34, 10.1007/BF01627076 Cummings, 1993, Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group, Lancet, 341, 72, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92555-8 Falcini, 1996, The primary role of steroids on the osteoporosis in juvenile rheumatoid patients evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, J. Endocrinol. Invest., 19, 165, 10.1007/BF03349860 Faulkner, 1993, Regional and total body bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and total body tissue composition in children 8–16years of age, Calcif. Tissue Int., 53, 7, 10.1007/BF01352007 Faulkner, 1994, Densitometry of the radius using single and dual energy absorptiometry, Calcif. Tissue Int., 54, 208, 10.1007/BF00301680 Franck, 1995, Evaluation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone mineral measurement — comparison of a single-beam and fan-beam design: the effect of osteophytic calcification on spine bone mineral density, Calcif. Tissue Int., 56, 192, 10.1007/BF00298608 Genant, 1977, Quantitative bone mineral analysis using dual energy computed tomography, Invest. Radiol., 12, 545, 10.1097/00004424-197711000-00015 Genant, 1982, Quantitative computed tomography of vertebral spongiosa: A sensitive method for detecting early bone loss after oophorectomy, Ann. Int. Med., 97, 699, 10.7326/0003-4819-97-5-699 Genant, 1996, Noninvasive assessment of bone mineral and structure: state of the art, J. Bone Miner. Res., 11, 707, 10.1002/jbmr.5650110602 Gluer, 1997, Peripheral measurement techniques for the assessment of osteoporosis, Semin. Nucl. Med., 27, 229, 10.1016/S0001-2998(97)80026-8 Glüer, 1988, Vertebral mineral determination by quantitative computed tomography (QCT): Accuracy of single and dual energy measurements, J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr., 12, 242, 10.1097/00004728-198803000-00013 Hart, D., Jones, D. G., Wall, B. F., 1996. Coefficient for Estimating Effective Doses from Pediatric X-Ray Examinations. London, NRPB (HMSO) Herd, 1993, Total body studies in normal British women using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, Br. J. Radiol., 66, 303, 10.1259/0007-1285-66-784-303 Hodgskinson, 1997, The ability of ultrasound velocity to predict the stiffness of cancellous bone in vitro, Bone, 21, 183, 10.1016/S8756-3282(97)00098-7 Huda, 1996, Patient doses in bone mineral densitometry, Br. J. Radiol., 69, 422, 10.1259/0007-1285-69-821-422 Huddleston, A. L., 1988. Quantitative Methods in Bone Densitometry. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Boston ICRP, 1977. International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 26. Pergammon Press, Oxford ICRP, 1991. International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 60: 1990 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Pergammon Press, Oxford IRR, 1985. The Ionising Radiation Regulations. HMSO, London IRR, 1988. The Ionising Radiation (protection of Persons undergoing Medical Examination) Regulations. HMSO, London Jergas, M., Breitenseher, M., Glüer, C. C., Black, D., et al., 1995. Which vertebrae should be assessed using lateral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine? Osteoporosis Int., 5, 196–204; in press Jessen, K. A., Shrimpton, P. C., Geleijns, J., Panzer, W., Tosi, G., 1998. Dosimetry and patient doses in computed tomography. This volume (Internal Reference) Kaisel, 1991, 3D-QCT at peripheral measuring sites, Osteoporosis Int., 1, 193 Kalender, 1992, Effective dose values in bone mineral measurements by photon absorptiometry and computed tomography, Osteoporos Int., 2, 82, 10.1007/BF01623841 Kalender, 1988, Bone mineral measurements: automated determination of the midvertebral CT section, Radiology, 168, 219, 10.1148/radiology.168.1.3380963 Karantanas, 1991, Quantitative computed tomography for bone mineral measurement: technical aspects, dosimetry, normal data and clinical applications, Br. J. Radiol., 64, 298, 10.1259/0007-1285-64-760-298 Kelly, 1988, Quantitative digital radiography vs dual photon absorptiometry of the lumbar spine, J. Clin. Endocr. Metab., 67, 839, 10.1210/jcem-67-4-839 Kelly, 1994, Single X-ray absorptiometry of the forearm: precision, correlation, and reference data, Calcif. Tissue Int., 54, 212, 10.1007/BF00301681 Kelsey, 1987, Risk factors for hip fracture [editorial], New Engl. J. Med., 316, 404, 10.1056/NEJM198702123160709 Koo, 1995, Technical considerations of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-based bone mineral measurements for pediatric studies, J. Bone Miner. Res., 10, 1998, 10.1002/jbmr.5650101220 Kron, 1994, Thermoluminescence dosimetry and its applications in medicine — Part 1: Physics, materials and equipment, Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med., 17, 175 Kyriou, 1996, A comparison of doses and techniques between specialist and non-specialist centres in the diagnostic X-ray imaging of children, Br. J. Radiol., 69, 437, 10.1259/0007-1285-69-821-437 Lang, 1997, Volumetric quantitative computed tomography of the proximal femur: precision and relation to bone strength, Bone, 21, 101, 10.1016/S8756-3282(97)00072-0 Laskey, 1996, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and body composition, Nutrition, 12, 45, 10.1016/0899-9007(95)00017-8 Lewis, 1994, Patient dose in dual X-ray absorptiometry, Osteoporos. Int., 4, 11, 10.1007/BF02352255 Martin, 1994, A study of the relationship between patient dose and size in paediatric radiology, Br. J. Radiol., 67, 864, 10.1259/0007-1285-67-801-864 Masud, 1996, Assessment of osteopenia from spine radiographs using two different methods: the Chingford Study, Br. J. Radiol., 69, 451, 10.1259/0007-1285-69-821-451 Matsumoto, 1994, Metacarpal bone mass in normal and osteoporotic Japanese women using computed X-ray densitometry, Calcif. Tissue Int., 54, 324, 10.1007/BF00299308 Mazess, R. B., Barden, H. S., 1987. Single- and dual photon absorptiometry for bone measurement in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Update, pp. 73–80. Radiology Research and Education Foundation, San Francisco Miller, 1996, Clinical utility of bone mass measurements in adults: consensus of an international panel. The Society for Clinical Densitometry, Semin. Arthritis Rheum., 25, 361, 10.1016/S0049-0172(96)80001-1 Morgan, 1967, The amount of bone in the metacarpal and phalanx according to age and sex, Clin. Radiol., 18, 101, 10.1016/S0009-9260(67)80137-5 Muller, 1989, Peripheral QCT: a low-risk procedure to identify women predisposed to osteoporosis, Phys. Med. Biol., 34, 741, 10.1088/0031-9155/34/6/009 Njeh, 1996, Radiological assessment of a new bone densitometer — the Lunar EXPERT, Br. J. Radiol., 69, 335, 10.1259/0007-1285-69-820-335 Njeh, 1997, The role of ultrasound in the assessment of osteoporosis: a review, Osteoporos. Int., 7, 7, 10.1007/BF01623454 Njeh, 1997, Radiation dose and in vitro precision in paediatric bone mineral density measurement using dual X-ray absorptiometry, Br. J. Radiol., 70, 719, 10.1259/bjr.70.835.9245884 NOF, 1997. Boning Up on Osteoporosis: A Guide to Prevention and Treatment. National Osteoporosis Foundation, Washington, DC NRPB, 1993. Documents of the NRPB, Vol. 4, Occupational, public and medical Exposure. National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton Patel, 1996, Occupational dose to the radiographer in dual X-ray absorptiometry: a comparison of pencil-beam and fan-beam systems, Br. J. Radiol., 69, 539, 10.1259/0007-1285-69-822-539 Patel, R., Lewis, M. K., Blake, G. M., Batchelor, S., et al., 1996b. New Generation DXA scanners increase dose to patients and staff. In Current Research in Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Measurement IV, p. 99. British Institute of radiology, London Peel, 1994, Bone mineral density of the hand in rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis Rheum., 37, 983, 10.1002/art.1780370702 Pietrobelli, 1996, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition model: review of physical concepts, Am. J. Physiol., 271 (6 Pt 1), E941 Prudham, 1981, Factors associated with falls in the elderly: a community study, Age Ageing, 10, 141, 10.1093/ageing/10.3.141 Pye, 1990, Effect dose equivalent in dual X-ray absorptiometry [letter], Br. J. Radiol., 63, 149, 10.1259/0007-1285-63-746-149-a Rawling, D. J., Faulkner, K., Chapple, C. L., 1992. The influence of scan time on patient dose and precision in bone mineral densitometry. In Current Research in Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Measurement II, pp. 23–24. British Institute of Radiology, London Rawlings, D. J., Warren, H., Faulkner, K., 1996. Performance and acceptance testing of morphometric software. In Current Research in Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Measurement, p. 97. British Institute of Radiology, London Richardson, 1990, Past and revised risk estimates for cancer induced by irradiation and their influence on dose limits, Br. J. Radiol., 63, 235, 10.1259/0007-1285-63-748-235 Ross, 1990, A critical review of bone mass and the risk of fractures in osteoporosis [see comments], Calcif. Tissue Int., 46, 149, 10.1007/BF02555036 Ruiz, 1991, Measurement of radiation doses in the most frequent simple examinations in paediatric radiology and its dependence on patient age, Br. J. Radiol., 64, 929, 10.1259/0007-1285-64-766-929 Rupich, 1992, Lateral dual-energy radiography: artifact error from rib and pelvic bone, J. Bone Min. Res., 7, 97, 10.1002/jbmr.5650070114 Seeman, 1993, Risk factors for osteoporosis, Osteoporos Int., 3 (Suppl. 1), 40, 10.1007/BF01621860 Shrimpton, P. C., Jones, D. G., Hillier, M. C., Wall, B. F., et al., 1991. Survey of CT Practice in The U.K. Part 2: Dosimetric Aspects. London, NRPB, Chilton Shrimpton, P. C., Wall, B. F., Hart, D., 1998. Diagnostic medical exposures in the U.K. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 50, 261–269 Sorenson, 1991, Relationship between patient exposure and measurement precision in dual-photon absorptiometry of the spine, Phys. Med. Biol., 36, 169, 10.1088/0031-9155/36/2/002 Starritt, H. C., Elvins, D. M., Ring, F. J., 1996. Radiation dose and the hologic acclaim X-ray bone densitometer. In Current Research in Osteoporosis and bone mineral measurement IV, pp. 99–100. British Institute of Radiology, London Steiger, 1994, Morphometric X-ray absorptiometry of the spine: correlation in vivo with morphometric radiography, Osteoporosis Int., 4, 238, 10.1007/BF01623347 Stewart, S. P., Milner, D., Moore, A. C., Emery, P., et al., 1996. Preliminary report on the lunar Expert-XL Imaging densitometer: dosimetry, precision and cross calibration. In Current Research in Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Measurement IV, pp. 101–102. British Institute of Radiology, London Trouerbach, 1987, A study on the phalanx bone mineral content in 273 normal pre- and post-menopausal females (transverse study of age-dependent bone loss), Bone Mineral, 3, 53 van Kuijk, 1990, Evaluation of postprocessing dual-energy methods in quantitative computed tomography. Part 2. Practical Aspects, Invest. Radiol., 25, 882, 10.1097/00004424-199008000-00003 Vogel, 1988, The clinical relevance of calcaneus bone mineral measurements: a review, Bone Miner., 5, 35, 10.1016/0169-6009(88)90005-0 Wahner, H. W., Fogelman, I., 1994. The Evaluation of Osteoporosis: Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Clinical Practice. Martin Dunitz Ltd., London, U.K Waker, 1992, The application of microdosimetry in clinical bone densitometry using a dual-photon absorptiometer, Br. J. Radiol., 65, 523, 10.1259/0007-1285-65-774-523 Yamada, 1994, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the calcaneus: Comparison with other techniques to assess bone density and value in predicting risk of spine fracture, AJR, 163, 1435, 10.2214/ajr.163.6.7992742 Yang, 1994, Radiographic absorptiometry for bone mineral measurement of the phalanges: precision and accuracy study, Radiology, 192, 857, 10.1148/radiology.192.3.8058960 Yu, 1994, Spinal bone mineral assessment in postmenopausal women: a comparison between dual X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography, J. Bone Miner. Res., 9 (Suppl. 1), S406