A global perspective of the richness and evenness of traditional crop-variety diversity maintained by farming communities

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - Tập 105 Số 14 - Trang 5326-5331 - 2008
D. I. Jarvis1, A. H. D. Brown2, Pham Hung Cuong3, Luis Collado-Panduro4, Luis Latournerie–Moreno5, Sanjaya Gyawali6, Tesema Tanto7, Mahamadou Sawadogo8, István Már9, Mohammed Sadiki10, Nguyen Thi-Ngoc Hue11, Luis Manuel Arias-Reyes12, D. Balma13, J. Bajracharya14, Fernando Castillo15, Deepak Rijal6, Loubna Belqadi10, R. B. Rana6, Seddik Saidi16, Jeremy T. Ouedraogo17, Roger G. Zangre18, Keltoum Rhrib16, José Luis Chávez19, Daniel J. Schoen20, Bhuwon Sthapit21, Paola De Santis1, Carlo Fadda1, T. Hodgkin1
1Bioversity International, 00057 Maccarese, Italy.
2Australia Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia;
3Agricultural Science Institute of Northern Central Vietnam, Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam;
4Aconsorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de Ucayali, Pucallpa, Peru;
5Instituto Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 2. Km, 16.3 Antigua Carretera Mérida-Motul, Conkal, Yucatán, CP 97345, Mexico;
6Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development, Pokhara, Nepal
7Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;
8Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
9Újszilvás Községi Önkormányzat, H-2768, Újszilvás, Hungary;
10Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
11Plant Resources Center, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam;
12Centro Interdisciplinario de Investicación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional–Instituto Politécnico National Unidad Mérida, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico;
13Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
14Agriculture Botany Division, Nepalese Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Nepal;
15Instituto de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo Edo. de México, C.P. 56230, Mexico;
16Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Rabat, Morocco
172 Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;
18Agence Nationale pour la Valorisation des Acquis de la Recherche, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;
19Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Ayanzados del Instituto Nacional Politécnico Unidad Oaxaca, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, 71230 Oaxaca, Mexico;
20McGill University, Quebec, QC, Canada H9X 3V9; and
21Bioversity International, Regional Office Asia, Pacific and Oceania, Serdang, 43400 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Tóm tắt

Varietal data from 27 crop species from five continents were drawn together to determine overall trends in crop varietal diversity on farm. Measurements of richness, evenness, and divergence showed that considerable crop genetic diversity continues to be maintained on farm, in the form of traditional crop varieties. Major staples had higher richness and evenness than nonstaples. Variety richness for clonal species was much higher than that of other breeding systems. A close linear relationship between traditional variety richness and evenness (both transformed), empirically derived from data spanning a wide range of crops and countries, was found both at household and community levels. Fitting a neutral “function” to traditional variety diversity relationships, comparable to a species abundance distribution of “neutral ecology,” provided a benchmark to assess the standing diversity on farm. In some cases, high dominance occurred, with much of the variety richness held at low frequencies. This suggested that diversity may be maintained as an insurance to meet future environmental changes or social and economic needs. In other cases, a more even frequency distribution of varieties was found, possibly implying that farmers are selecting varieties to service a diversity of current needs and purposes. Divergence estimates, measured as the proportion of community evenness displayed among farmers, underscore the importance of a large number of small farms adopting distinctly diverse varietal strategies as a major force that maintains crop genetic diversity on farm.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Tập 105 Số 14

5326-5331

Thông tin tác giả