Ultrasound imaging of the axilla

Insights into Imaging - Tập 14 - Trang 1-16 - 2023
Giulio Cocco1,2, Vincenzo Ricci3, Costantino Ricci4, Ondřej Naňka5, Orlando Catalano6, Antonio Corvino7, Andrea Boccatonda8, Francesco Lorenzo Serafini1,9, Jacopo Izzi9, Gianfranco Vallone10, Vito Cantisani11, Giovanni Iannetti12, Massimo Caulo1, Claudio Ucciferri13, Jacopo Vecchiet13, Andrea Delli Pizzi9,14
1Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
2Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
3Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
4Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
5First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
6Department of Radiology, Istituto Diagnostico Varelli, Naples, Italy
7Movement Sciences and Wellbeing Department, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
8Internal Medicine, Bentivoglio Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bentivoglio, Italy
9Unit of Radiology, Santissima Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
10Department Life and Health V. Tiberio, Università Degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
11Department of Radiology, Oncology, Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy
12Ospedale S. Spirito, Università degli Studi Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
13Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
14Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy

Tóm tắt

Axilla is a pyramidal-in-shape “virtual cavity” housing multiple anatomical structures and connecting the upper limb with the trunk. To the best of our knowledge, in the pertinent literature, a detailed sonographic protocol to comprehensively assess the axillary region in daily practice is lacking. In this sense, the authors have briefly described the anatomical architecture of the axilla—also using cadaveric specimens—to propose a layer-by-layer sonographic approach to this challenging district. The most common sonographic pathological findings—for each and every anatomical compartment of the axilla—have been accurately reported and compared with the corresponding histopathological features. This ultrasound approach could be considered a ready-to-use educational guidance for the assessment of the axillary region. Axilla is a pyramidal-in-shape “virtual cavity” housing multiple anatomical structures and connecting the upper limb with the trunk. The aim of this review article was to describe the anatomical architecture of the axilla, also using cadaveric specimens, in order to propose a layer-by-layer sonographic approach to this challenging district.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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