Bone mineral density in prepubertal obese and control children: relation to body weight, lean mass, and fat mass
Tóm tắt
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of obesity on bone status in prepubertal children. This study included 20 obese prepubertal children (10.7 ± 1.2 years old) and 23 maturation-matched controls (10.9 ± 1.1 years old). Bone mineral area, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and calculation of bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) at the whole body and lumbar spine (L1–L4) and body composition (lean mass and fat mass) were assessed by DXA. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) at the calcaneus were measured with a BUA imaging device. Expressed as crude values, DXA measurements of BMD at all bone sites and BUA (69.30 versus 59.63 dB/MHz, P < 0.01) were higher in obese children. After adjustment for body weight and lean mass, obese children displayed lower values of whole-body BMD (0.88 versus 0.96 g/cm2, P < 0.05) and BMC (1190.98 versus 1510.24 g, P < 0.01) in comparison to controls. When results were adjusted for fat mass, there was no statistical difference between obese and control children for DXA and ultrasound results. Moreover, whole-body BMAD was lower (0.086 versus 0.099 g/cm3, P < 0.0001), whereas lumbar spine BMAD was greater (0.117 versus 0.100 g/cm3, P < 0.001) in obese children. Thus, it was observed that, in obese children, cortical and trabecular bone displayed different adaptation patterns to their higher body weight. Cortical bone seems to enhance both size and BMC and trabecular bone to enhance BMC. Finally, considering total body weight and lean mass of obese children, these skeletal responses were not sufficient to compensate for the excess load on the whole body.
Tài liệu tham khảo
M Wabitsch (2000) ArticleTitleOverweight and obesity in European children: definition and diagnostic procedures, risk factors and consequences for later health outcome Eur J Pediatr 159 S8–S13 Occurrence Handle11011952 Occurrence Handle10.1007/PL00014368
A Goulding R Cannan SM Williams EJ Gold RW Taylor NJ Lewis-Barned (1998) ArticleTitleBone mineral density in girls with forearm fractures J Bone Miner Res 13 143–148 Occurrence Handle9443800 Occurrence Handle10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.1.143 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c7gsVSgtQ%3D%3D
A Goulding IE Jones RW Taylor PJ Manning SM Williams PJ Manning (2001) ArticleTitleBone mineral density and body composition in boys with distal forearm fractures: a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry study Pediatrics 139 509–515 Occurrence Handle10.1067/mpd.2001.116297 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrltFKqsA%3D%3D
I Bakker JWR Twisk W Van Mechelen HCG Kemper (2003) ArticleTitleFat-free body mass is the most important body composition determinant of 10-yr longitudinal development of lumbar bone in adult men and women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 2607–2613 Occurrence Handle12788863 Occurrence Handle10.1210/jc.2002-021538 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkslCrsr8%3D
DP McCormick SW Ponder D Fawcett JL Palmer (1991) ArticleTitleSpinal bone mineral density in 335 normal and obese children and adolescents: evidence for ethnic and sex differences J Bone Miner Res 6 507–513 Occurrence Handle2068958 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3M3pvVSktQ%3D%3D
J De Schepper M Van den Broeck MH Jonckheer (1995) ArticleTitleStudy of lumbar spine bone mineral density in obese children Acta Paediatr 84 313–315 Occurrence Handle7780255 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2M3pvFartA%3D%3D
A Goulding RW Taylor IE Jones KA McAuley PJ Manning SM Williams (2000) ArticleTitleOverweight and obese children have low bone mass and area for their weight Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24 627–632 Occurrence Handle10849586 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.ijo.0801207 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czgvFKjsg%3D%3D
A Goulding RW Taylor IE Jones PJ Manning SM Williams (2002) ArticleTitleSpinal overload: a concern for obese children and adolescents? Osteoporos Int 13 835–840 Occurrence Handle12378374 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s001980200116 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD38nitFSlsw%3D%3D
KJ Ellis RJ Shypailo WW Wong SA Abrams (2003) ArticleTitleBone mineral mass in overweight and obese children: diminished or enhanced? Acta Diabetol 40 274–277 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00592-003-0085-z
MB Leonard J Shults BA Wilson AM Tershakovec BS Zemel (2004) ArticleTitleObesity during childhood and adolescence augments bone mass and bone dimensions Am J Clin Nutr 80 514–523 Occurrence Handle15277178 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtFKisLs%3D
P Manzoni P Brambilla A Pietrobelli L Beccaria A Bianchessi S Mora G Chiumello (1996) ArticleTitleInfluence of body composition on bone mineral content in children and adolescents Am J Clin Nutr 64 603–607 Occurrence Handle8839506 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK28vjs1Kqsg%3D%3D
A Hasanoglu A Bideci P Cinaz L Tumer S Unal (2000) ArticleTitleBone mineral density in childhood obesity J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 13 307–311 Occurrence Handle10714757 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7nslaguw%3D%3D
JP Bonjour G Theintz B Buchs D Slosman R Rizzoli (1991) ArticleTitleCritical years and stages of puberty for spinal and femoral bone mass accumulation during adolescence J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73 555–563 Occurrence Handle1874933 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3MzktFSgsw%3D%3D
RP Heaney S Abrams B Dawson-Hughes A Looker R Mercus V Matkovic C Weaver (2000) ArticleTitlePeak bone mass Osteoporos Int 11 985–1009 Occurrence Handle11256898 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s001980070020 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsVyktro%3D
A Pietrobelli DG Peroni MS Faith (2003) ArticleTitlePediatric body composition in clinical studies: which methods in which situations? Acta Diabetol 40 270–273 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00592-003-0084-0
B Gutin M Litaker S Islam T Manos C Smith F Treiber (1996) ArticleTitleBody-composition measurement in 9–11-y-old children by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, skinfold-thickness measurements, and bioimpedance analysis Am J Clin Nutr 63 287–292 Occurrence Handle8602582 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK287otFagug%3D%3D
SR Thomas HJ Kalkwarf DD Buckley JE Heubi (2005) ArticleTitleEffective dose of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans in children as a function of age J Clin Densitom 8 415–422 Occurrence Handle16311426 Occurrence Handle10.1385/JCD:8:4:415
MI Goran (1998) ArticleTitleMeasurement issues related to studies of childhood obesity: assessment of body composition, body fat distribution, physical activity, and food intake Pediatrics 101 505–518 Occurrence Handle12224657 Occurrence Handle10.1542/peds.101.5.887 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD38vmsFOrtA%3D%3D
L Dip A Arabi J Maalouf M Nabulsi GEH Fuleihan (2005) ArticleTitleImpact of anthropometric, lifestyle, and body composition variables on ultrasound measurements in school children Bone (NY) 36 736–742
J Duquette J Lin A Hoffman J Houde S Ahmadi D Baran (1997) ArticleTitleCorrelations among bone mineral density, broadband ultrasound attenuation, mechanical indentation testing, and bone orientation in bovine femoral neck samples Calcif Tissue Int 60 181–186 Occurrence Handle9056168 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002239900211 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhtVagu78%3D
TJ Cole MC Bellizzi KM Flegal WH Dietz (2000) ArticleTitleEstablishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey BMJ 320 1–6 Occurrence Handle10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240
JM Tanner RH Whitehouse (1976) ArticleTitleClinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty Arch Dis Child 51 170–179 Occurrence Handle952550 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE283ltFKktA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1136/adc.51.3.170
D Courteix C Jaffre E Lespessailles L Benhamou (2005) ArticleTitleCumulative effect of calcium supplementation and physical activity on bone accretion in premenarchal children: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial Int J Sports Med 26 332–338 Occurrence Handle15895314 Occurrence Handle10.1055/s-2004-821040 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlvVGjtr0%3D
DK Katzman LK Bacrach DR Carter R Marcus (1991) ArticleTitleClinical and anthropometric correlates of bone mineral acquisition in healthy adolescent girls J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73 1332–1339 Occurrence Handle1955516 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FmsVOhsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1210/jcem-73-6-1332
K Nagasaki T Kikuchi M Hiura M Uchiyama (2004) ArticleTitleObese Japanese children have low bone mineral density after puberty J Bone Miner Metab 22 376–381 Occurrence Handle15221498 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00774-004-0498-y
AM Boot MA De Ridder HA Pols EP Krenning SM De Muinck Keizer-Schrama (1997) ArticleTitleBone mineral density in children and adolescents: relation to puberty, calcium intake, and physical activity J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82 57–62 Occurrence Handle8989233 Occurrence Handle10.1210/jc.82.1.57 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXkt1SnsA%3D%3D
HA Weiler L Janzen K Green J Grabowski MM Seshi KC Yuen (2000) ArticleTitlePercent body fat and bone mass in healthy Canadian females 10 to 19 years of age Bone (NY) 27 203–207 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvisVCmsQ%3D%3D
S Fischer A Milinarsky V Giadrosich G Dib M Arriagada R Arinoviche (2000) ArticleTitleX-ray absorptiometry of bone in obese and eutrophic children from Valparaiso, Chile J Rheumatol 27 1294–1296 Occurrence Handle10813304 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ntFCisA%3D%3D
TJ Martin KW Ng GC Nicholson (1988) ArticleTitleCell biology of bone Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 2 1–29 Occurrence Handle3044326 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0950-351X(88)80006-5 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL1czgvV2lsA%3D%3D
H Rico J Gonzales-Riola M Revilla LF Villa F Gomes-Castresana J Escribano (1994) ArticleTitleCortical versus trabecular bone mass: influence of activity on both components Calcif Tissue Int 54 470–472 Occurrence Handle8082048 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00334325 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2czmtlKjsg%3D%3D
G Ducher S Prouteau D Courteix CL Benhamou (2004) ArticleTitleCortical and trabecular bone at the forearm show different adaptation patterns in response to tennis playing J Clin Densitom 7 399–405 Occurrence Handle15618600 Occurrence Handle10.1385/JCD:7:4:399
D Courteix E Lespessailles P Obert CL Benhamou (1999) ArticleTitleSkull bone mass deficit in prepubertal highly trained gymnast girls Int J Sports Med 20 328–333 Occurrence Handle10452231 Occurrence Handle10.1055/s-2007-971139 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1MznvFejsg%3D%3D
H Magnusson C Linden C Karlsson KJ Obrant MK Karlsson (2001) ArticleTitleExercise may induce reversible low bone mass in unloaded and high bone mass in weight-loaded skeletal regions Osteoporos Int 12 950–955 Occurrence Handle11804022 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s001980170024 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FnvVWmtw%3D%3D
E Seeman (1998) ArticleTitleModerate exercise during growth in prepubertal boys: changes in bone mass, size, volumetric density, and bone strength: a controlled prospective study J Bone Miner Res 13 1814–1821 Occurrence Handle9844098 Occurrence Handle10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.12.1814
E Babaroutsi F Magkos Y Manios LS Sidossis (2005) ArticleTitleBody mass index, calcium intake, and physical activity affect calcaneal ultrasound in healthy Greek males in an age-dependent and parameter-specific manner J Bone Miner Metab 23 157–166 Occurrence Handle15750695 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00774-004-0555-6
E Babaroutsi F Magkos Y Manios LS Sidossis (2005) ArticleTitleLifestyle factors affecting heel ultrasound in Greek females across different life stages Osteoporos Int 16 552–561 Occurrence Handle15688124 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00198-004-1720-4
KF Janz TL Burns SM Levy JC Torner MC Willing TJ Beck JM Gilmore TA Marshall (2004) ArticleTitleEveryday activity predicts bone geometry in children: the Iowa bone development study Med Sci Sports Exerc 36 1124–1131 Occurrence Handle15235315 Occurrence Handle10.1249/01.MSS.0000132275.65378.9D
CW Slemenda JZ Miller SL Hui TK Reister CC Johnston (1991) ArticleTitleRole of physical activity in the development skeletal mass in children J Bone Miner Res 6 1227–1231 Occurrence Handle1805545 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK383hsVanug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1002/jbmr.5650061113
M Rosenbaum RL Leibel (1998) ArticleTitleThe physiology of body weight regulation: relevance to the etiology of obesity in children Pediatrics 101 525–539 Occurrence Handle12224659 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD38vmsFOrug%3D%3D
AD Salbe C Weyer RS Lindsay E Ravussin PA Tataranni (2002) ArticleTitleAssessing risk factors for obesity between childhood and adolescence; birth weight, childhood adiposity, parental adiposity, parental obesity, insulin and leptin Pediatrics 110 299–306 Occurrence Handle12165582 Occurrence Handle10.1542/peds.110.2.299
T Thomas (2004) ArticleTitleThe complex effects of leptin on bone metabolism through multiple pathways Curr Opin Pharmacol 4 295–300 Occurrence Handle15140423 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.coph.2004.01.009 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktVKqsrc%3D
B Cortet X Marchandise (2001) ArticleTitleBone microarchitecture and mechanical resistance Joint Bone Spine 68 297–305 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1297-319X(01)00283-4