Hyperthermic Mitomycin C in Intermediate-risk Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of the HIVEC-1 Trial

Bray, 2018, Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries, CA Cancer J Clin, 68, 394, 10.3322/caac.21492 Sylvester, 2006, Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials, Eur Urol, 49, 466, 10.1016/j.eururo.2005.12.031 Brausi, 2011, A review of current guidelines and best practice recommendations for the management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer by the International Bladder Cancer Group, J Urol, 186, 2158, 10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.076 Kamat, 2014, Defining and treating the spectrum of intermediate risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, J Urol, 192, 305, 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.2573 Babjuk, 2022, European Association of Urology Guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Ta, T1, and Carcinoma in Situ), Eur Urol, 81, 75, 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.08.010 Chang, 2016, Diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: AUA/SUO Guideline, J Urol, 196, 1021, 10.1016/j.juro.2016.06.049 Witjes, 2013, Current clinical practice gaps in the treatment of intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with emphasis on the use of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG): results of an international individual patient data survey (IPDS), BJU Int, 112, 742, 10.1111/bju.12012 Sharma, 2020, Cost-effectiveness of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin for intermediate and high risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, J Urol, 204, 442, 10.1097/JU.0000000000001023 Fankhauser, 2020, Treatment options and results of adjuvant treatment in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) during the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin shortage, Curr Opin Urol, 30, 365, 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000739 Multhoff, 2016, Rationale of hyperthermia for radio(chemo)therapy and immune responses in patients with bladder cancer: biological concepts, clinical data, interdisciplinary treatment decisions and biological tumour imaging, Int J Hyperthermia, 32, 455, 10.3109/02656736.2016.1152632 Liem, 2016, Chemohyperthermia in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an overview of the literature and recommendations, Int J Hyperthermia, 32, 363, 10.3109/02656736.2016.1155760 Plata, 2021, Long-term experience with hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIVEC) using mitomycin-C in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Spain, J Clin Med, 10, 5105, 10.3390/jcm10215105 Sylvester, 2021, European Association of Urology (EAU) Prognostic factor risk groups for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) incorporating the WHO 2004/2016 and WHO 1973 classification systems for grade: an update from the EAU NMIBC Guidelines Panel, Eur Urol, 79, 480, 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.12.033 Barry, 1992, The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association, J Urol, 148, 1549, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36966-5 Degboe, 2019, Validity and performance of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bladder (FACT-Bl) among advanced urothelial cancer patients, Support Care Cancer, 27, 4189, 10.1007/s00520-019-04709-0 Zargar, 2014, Optimizing intravesical mitomycin C therapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, Nat Rev Urol, 11, 220, 10.1038/nrurol.2014.52 Hendricksen, 2019, Device-assisted intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, Transl Androl Urol, 8, 94, 10.21037/tau.2018.09.09 Sousa, 2016, Recirculant hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy (HIVEC) in intermediate-high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, Int J Hyperthermia, 32, 374, 10.3109/02656736.2016.1142618 González-Padilla, 2019, HIVEC HR: chemohyperthermia with mitomycin C vs BCG for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial, Eur Urol Suppl, 18, e768, 10.1016/S1569-9056(19)30563-9 Chiancone, 2020, Outcomes and complications of hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy using mitomycin C or epirubicin for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer after bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment failure, Cent European J Urol, 73, 287 Pijpers, 2022, Long-term efficacy of hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, Urol Oncol, 40, 62.e13, 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.07.019 Slater, 2014, The effects and effectiveness of electromotive drug administration and chemohyperthermia for treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 96, 415, 10.1308/003588414X13946184901001 Marquette, 2020, Safety of hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy (HIVEC) for BCG unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients, Prog Urol, 30, 35, 10.1016/j.purol.2019.11.001 González-Padilla, 2021, Quality of life and adverse events in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer receiving adjuvant treatment with BCG, MMC, or chemohyperthermia, Urol Oncol, 39, 76.e9, 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.07.003 Thomsen, 2021, Adverse events of hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients, Scand J Urol, 55, 281, 10.1080/21681805.2021.1938664 Ojea, 2007, Eur Urol, 52, 1398, 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.04.062 Malmström, 2009, An individual patient data meta-analysis of the long-term outcome of randomised studies comparing intravesical mitomycin C versus bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, Eur Urol, 56, 247, 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.04.038 Arends, 2016, Results of a randomised controlled trial comparing intravesical chemohyperthermia with mitomycin C versus bacillus Calmette-Guérin for adjuvant treatment of patients with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, Eur Urol, 69, 1046, 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.01.006 Lammers, 2016, Prediction model for recurrence probabilities after intravesical chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, including external validation, World J Urol, 34, 173, 10.1007/s00345-015-1598-0 Soukup, 2020, Risk stratification tools and prognostic models in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a critical assessment from the European Association of Urology Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Guidelines Panel, Eur Urol Focus, 6, 479, 10.1016/j.euf.2018.11.005