Sialic acid and incidence of hospitalization for diabetes and its complications during 40-years of follow-up in a large cohort: The Värmland survey

Wannamethee, 2007, Adipokines and risk of type 2 diabetes in older men, Diabetes Care, 30, 1200, 10.2337/dc06-2416 Belin de Chantemele, 2012, Influence of obesity and metabolic dysfunction on the endothelial control in the coronary circulation, J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 52, 840, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.08.018 Tilg, 2008, Inflammatory mechanisms in the regulation of insulin resistance, Mol. Med., 14, 222, 10.2119/2007-00119.Tilg Lee, 2009, Association of C-reactive protein with type 2 diabetes: prospective analysis and meta-analysis, Diabetologia, 52, 1040, 10.1007/s00125-009-1338-3 Herder, 2011, Immunological and cardiometabolic risk factors in the prediction of type 2 diabetes and coronary events: MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, PLoS ONE, 6, e19852, 10.1371/journal.pone.0019852 Petren, 1989, The N-acetylneuraminic acid content of five forms of human transferrin, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 994, 161, 10.1016/0167-4838(89)90155-6 Sathiyapriya, 2008, Association between protein bound sialic acid and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in prehypertension: a possible indication of underlying cardiovascular risk, Clin. Exp. Hypertens., 30, 367, 10.1080/10641960802275106 Dogan, 1992, A comparative study of total protein, total and lipid associated serum sialic acid levels in patients with Behcet's disease and control groups, Acta Ophthalmol., 70, 790, 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04889.x Sillanaukee, 1999, Occurrence of sialic acids in healthy humans and different disorders, Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 29, 413, 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00485.x Lindberg, 1992, Serum sialic acid concentration predicts both coronary heart disease and stroke mortality: multivariate analysis including 54,385 men and women during 20.5 years follow-up, Int. J. Epidemiol., 21, 253, 10.1093/ije/21.2.253 Rahman, 2010, Serum sialic acid changes in type 2 diabetic patients on metformin or rosiglitazone treatment, J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 35, 685, 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01145.x Thorand, 2007, Sex differences in the prediction of type 2 diabetes by inflammatory markers: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984–2002, Diabetes Care, 30, 854, 10.2337/dc06-1693 Salomaa, 2010, Thirty-one novel biomarkers as predictors for clinically incident diabetes, PLoS ONE, 5, e10100, 10.1371/journal.pone.0010100 Socialstyrelsen, 1971 1964, Health screening project in Värmland: a pilot study on mass screening with application of a chemical test battery Svennerholm, 1957, Quantitative estimation of sialic acids. II. A colorimetric resorcinol–hydrochloric acid method, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 24, 604, 10.1016/0006-3002(57)90254-8 Zak, 1954, Rapid estimation of free and total cholesterol, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 24, 1307, 10.1093/ajcp/24.11_ts.1307 Jungner, 1968, Chemical health screening, 67 Reitman, 1957, A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 28, 56, 10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56 Karmen, 1955, A note on the spectrometric assay of glutamic–oxalacetic transaminase in human blood serum, J. Clin. Invest., 34, 131 Rothman, 2002 Andersson, 2005, Calculating measures of biological interaction, Eur. J. Epidemiol., 20, 575, 10.1007/s10654-005-7835-x Huxley, 2006, Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies, Br. Med. J., 332, 73, 10.1136/bmj.38678.389583.7C Lee, 2000, Impact of diabetes on coronary artery disease in women and men: a meta-analysis of prospective studies, Diabetes Care, 23, 962, 10.2337/diacare.23.7.962 Steinberg, 2000, Type II diabetes abrogates sex differences in endothelial function in premenopausal women, Circulation, 101, 2040, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.17.2040 Donahue, 2007, Sex differences in endothelial function markers before conversion to pre-diabetes: does the clock start ticking earlier among women? The Western New York Study, Diabetes Care, 30, 354, 10.2337/dc06-1772 Mendall, 1997, Relation of serum cytokine concentrations to cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease, Heart, 78, 273, 10.1136/hrt.78.3.273 Sattar, 2012, Biomarkers for diabetes prediction, pathogenesis or pharmacotherapy guidance? Past, present and future possibilities, Diabet. Med., 29, 5, 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03480.x Schmidt, 1999, Markers of inflammation and prediction of diabetes mellitus in adults (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study): a cohort study, Lancet, 353, 1649, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01046-6 Hara, 1989, Determination of mono-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acids in human and rat sera by fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography, Anal. Biochem., 179, 162, 10.1016/0003-2697(89)90218-2 Crook, 1998, The relationship between the female menopause and serum sialic acid, a known cardiovascular risk factor, Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 76, 185, 10.1016/S0301-2115(97)00165-6