Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review

Abo-Farha, 2009, Removal of some heavy metal cations by synthetic resin purolite C100, J. Hazard. Mater., 169, 190, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.086 Agoubordea, 2009, Heavy metals retention capacity of a non-conventional sorbent developed from a mixture of industrial and agricultural wastes, J. Hazard. Mater., 167, 536, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.027 Ahmad, 2010, A study on acid reclamation and copper recovery using low pressure nanofiltration membrane, Chem. Eng. J., 56, 257, 10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.014 Ahn, 2009, Removal of cationic heavy metal from aqueous solution by activated carbon impregnated with anionic surfactants, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 1130, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.036 Ajjabi, 2009, Biosorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solutions by dried marine green macroalga Chaetomorpha linum, J. Environ. Manage., 90, 3485 Aksu, 2007, Chromium(VI) biosorption by dried Rhizopus arrhizus: effect of salt (NaCl) concentration on equilibrium and kinetic parameters, J. Hazard. Mater., 145, 210, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.11.011 Al-Jlil, 2009, Saudi Arabian clays for lead removal in wastewater, Appl. Clay Sci., 42, 671, 10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.012 Alvarez, 2007, Precipitation of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) at bench-scale using biogenic hydrogen sulfide from the utilization of volatile fatty acids, Chemosphere, 66, 1677, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.065 Alyüz, 2009, Kinetics and equilibrium studies for the removal of nickel and zinc from aqueous solutions by ion exchange resins, J. Hazard. Mater., 167, 482, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.006 Aman, 2008, Potato peels as solid waste for the removal of heavy metal copper(II) from waste water/industrial effluent, Colloid Surf., 63, 116, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.11.013 Amini, 2009, Statistical modeling and optimization of the cadmium biosorption process in an aqueous solution using Aspergillus niger, Colloid Surf., 337, 67, 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.11.053 Amudaa, 2009, Kinetics and equilibrium studies of adsorption of chromium(VI) ion from industrial wastewater using Chrysophyllum albidum (Sapotaceae) seed shells, Colloid Surf., 68, 184, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.10.002 Apiratikul, 2008, Sorption of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ using modified zeolite from coal fly ash, Chem. Eng. J., 144, 245, 10.1016/j.cej.2008.01.038 Apiratikul, 2008, Batch and column studies of biosorption of heavy metals by Caulerpa lentillifera, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 2766, 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.036 Argun, 2008, Use of clinoptilolite for the removal of nickel ions from water: kinetics and thermodynamics, J. Hazard. Mater., 150, 587, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.008 Aroua, 2007, Removal of chromium ions from aqueous solutions by polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration, J. Hazard. Mater., 147, 752, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.120 Athanasiadis, 2005, Influence of chemical conditioning on the ion exchange capacity and on kinetic of zinc uptake by clinoptilolite, Water Res., 39, 1527, 10.1016/j.watres.2005.01.024 Babel, 2003, Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: a review, J. Hazard. Mater., 97, 219, 10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00263-7 Bahadir, 2007, The investigation of lead removal by biosorption: an application at storage battery industry wastewaters, Enzym. Micro. Technol., 41, 98, 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.12.007 Baltpurvins, 1997, Effect of electrolyte composition on zinc hydroxide precipitation by lime, Water Res., 31, 973, 10.1016/S0043-1354(96)00327-2 Barakat, 2010, Polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration process for heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater, Desalination, 256, 90, 10.1016/j.desal.2010.02.008 Bayramoğlu, 2008, Removal of heavy mercury(II), cadmium(II) and zinc(II) metal ions by live and heat inactivated Lentinus edodes pellets, Chem. Eng. J., 143, 133, 10.1016/j.cej.2008.01.002 Belkacem, 2008, Treatment characteristics of textile wastewater and removal of heavy metals using the electroflotation technique, Desalination, 228, 245, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.10.013 Berber-Mendoza, 2006, Comparison of isotherms for the ion exchange of Pb(II) from aqueous solution onto homoionic clinoptilolite, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 301, 40, 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.037 Betancur, 2009, Potentiality of lignin from the Kraft pulping process for removal of trace nickel from wastewater: effect of demineralization, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 1130, 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.023 Bhainsa, 2008, Removal of copper ions by the filamentous fungus, Rhizopus oryzae from aqueous solution, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 3829, 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.032 Bhattacharyya, 2008, Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: a review, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 140, 114, 10.1016/j.cis.2007.12.008 Blue, 2008, Low-level mercury removal from groundwater using a synthetic chelating ligand, Water Res., 42, 2025, 10.1016/j.watres.2007.12.010 Bojic, 2009, Removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from model wastewaters by spontaneous reduction–coagulation process in flow conditions, J. Hazard. Mater., 168, 813, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.096 Borba, 2006, Removal of nickel(II) ions from aqueous solution by biosorption in a fixed bed column: experimental and theoretical breakthrough curves, Biochem. Eng. J., 30, 184, 10.1016/j.bej.2006.04.001 Bratskaya, 2009, Heavy metals removal by flocculation/precipitation using N-(2-carboxyethyl)chitosans, Colloid Surf., 339, 140, 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.02.013 Camarilloa, 2010, Treatment of copper (II)-loaded aqueous nitrate solutions by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration and electrodeposition, Sep. Purif. Technol., 70, 320, 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.10.014 Capponi, 2006, Modified column flotation of adsorbing iron hydroxide colloidal precipitates, Int. J. Miner. Process, 79, 167, 10.1016/j.minpro.2006.02.002 Casqueira, 2006, The removal of zinc from liquid streams by electroflotation, Miner. Eng., 19, 1388, 10.1016/j.mineng.2006.02.001 Chaabane, 2006, Removal of copper from industrial effluent using a spiral wound module — film theory and hydrodynamic approach, Desalination, 200, 403, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.348 Chan, 2008, Reverse osmosis removal of arsenic residues from bioleaching of refractory gold concentrates, Miner. Eng., 21, 272, 10.1016/j.mineng.2007.10.003 Chang, 2007, Study on the macromolecular coagulant PEX which traps heavy metals, Chem. Eng. Sci., 62, 4636, 10.1016/j.ces.2007.05.002 Chang, 2002, Integrated copper-containing wastewater treatment using xanthate process, J. Hazard. Mater., 94, 89, 10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00060-2 Chang, 2009, The electrochemical phenomena and kinetics of EDTA–copper wastewater reclamation by electrodeposition and ultrasound, Sep. Purif. Technol., 68, 216, 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.05.014 Chang, 2009, Removal of Cu2+ and turbidity from wastewater by mercaptoacetyl chitosan, J. Hazard. Mater., 169, 621, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.144 Charerntanyarak, 1999, Heavy metals removal by chemical coagulation and precipitation, Wat. Sci. Technol., 39, 135, 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00304-2 Chen, 2004, Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment, Sep. Purif. Technol., 38, 11, 10.1016/j.seppur.2003.10.006 Chen, 2008, Removal of Pb2+, Ag+, Cs+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solution by brewery’s waste biomass, J. Hazard. Mater., 151, 65, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.046 Chen, 2009, Adsorption behavior of multiwall carbon nanotube/iron oxide magnetic composites for Ni(II) and Sr(II), J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 923, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.089 Chen, 2009, Precipitation of heavy metals from wastewater using simulated flue gas: sequent additions of fly ash, lime and carbon dioxide, Water Res., 43, 2605, 10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.007 Cifuentes, 2009, The use of electrodialysis for metal separation and water recovery from CuSO4–H2SO4–Fe solutions, Sep. Purif. Technol., 68, 105, 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.04.017 Cojocaru, 2009, Biosorption of copper(II) ions from aqua solutions using dried yeast biomass, Colloid Surf., 335, 181, 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.11.003 Cséfalvay, 2009, Recovery of copper from process waters by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, Desalination, 240, 132, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.070 Danisa, 2009, Investigation of process performance and fouling mechanisms in micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration of nickel-contaminated waters, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 577, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.098 Deng, 2007, Sorption and desorption of lead (II) from wastewater by green algae Cladophora fascicularis, J. Hazard. Mater., 143, 220, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.009 Dialynas, 2009, Integration of a membrane bioreactor coupled with reverse osmosis for advanced treatment of municipal wastewater, Desalination, 238, 302, 10.1016/j.desal.2008.01.046 Dias, 2007, Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: a review, J. Environ. Manage., 85, 833 Doula, 2009, Simultaneous removal of Cu, Mn and Zn from drinking water with the use of clinoptilolite and its Fe-modified form, Water Res., 43, 3659, 10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.037 Doula, 2008, Use of an iron-overexchanged clinoptilolite for the removal of Cu2+ ions from heavily contaminated drinking water samples, J. Hazard. Mater., 151, 738, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.047 Duan, 2010, Synthesis of a novel flocculant on the basis of crosslinked Konjac glucomannan-graft-polyacrylamide-co-sodium xanthate and its application in removal of Cu2+ ion, Carbohydr. Polym., 80, 436, 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.11.046 El Samrani, 2008, Chemical coagulation of combined sewer overflow: heavy metal removal and treatment optimization, Water Res., 42, 951, 10.1016/j.watres.2007.09.009 El-Sikaily, 2007, Removal of toxic chromium from wastewater using green alga Ulva lactuca and its activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater., 148, 216, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.146 Ennigrou, 2009, Cadmium removal from aqueous solutions by polyelectrolyte enhanced ultrafiltration, Desalination, 246, 363, 10.1016/j.desal.2008.04.053 Erikson, 1988, Nanofiltration extends the range of membrane filtration, Environ. Prog., 7, 58, 10.1002/ep.3300070116 Feng, 2000, Treatment of acid mine water by use of heavy metal precipitation and ion exchange, Miner. Eng., 13, 623, 10.1016/S0892-6875(00)00045-5 Ferella, 2007, Removal of heavy metals by surfactant-enhanced ultrafiltration from wastewaters, Desalination, 207, 125, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.07.007 Figoli, 2010, Influence of operating parameters on the arsenic removal by nanofiltration, Water Res., 44, 97, 10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.007 Fu, 2006, Application of a novel strategy—coordination polymerization precipitation to the treatment of Cu2+-containing wastewaters, Sep. Purif. Technol., 52, 388, 10.1016/j.seppur.2006.05.017 Fu, 2007, Effective removal of coordinated copper from wastewater using a new dithiocarbamate-type supramolecular heavy metal precipitant, Chemosphere, 69, 1783, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.063 Gabr, 2008, Biosorption of lead and nickel by living and non-living cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ASU 6a, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation, 62, 195, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.01.008 Ghosh, P., Samanta, A.N., Ray, S. Reduction of COD and removal of Zn2+ from rayon industry wastewater by combined electro-Fenton treatment and chemical precipitation. Desalination, in press, doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.08.029. Gode, 2006, Removal of chromium (III) from aqueous solutions using Lewatit S 100: the effect of pH, time, metal concentration and temperature, J. Hazard. Mater., 136, 330, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.021 González-Muñoz, 2006, Recovery of heavy metals from metal industry waste waters by chemical precipitation and nanofiltration, Desalination, 200, 742, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.498 Gu, 2008, Surface complexation modelling of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) adsorption onto kaolinite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 72, 267, 10.1016/j.gca.2007.09.032 Guo, 2006, Enhanced chromium recovery from tanning wastewater, J. Clean. Prod., 14, 75, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.01.005 Guo, 2010, Poultry litter-based activated carbon for removing heavy metal ions in water, Waste Manage., 30, 308, 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.08.010 Hankins, 2006, Enhanced removal of heavy metal ions bound to humic acid by polyelectrolyte flocculation, Sep. Purif. Technol., 51, 48, 10.1016/j.seppur.2005.12.022 Heidmann, 2008, Removal of Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Ag(I) and Cr(VI) present in aqueous solutions by aluminium electrocoagulation, J. Hazard. Mater., 152, 934, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.068 Heredia, 2009, Removing heavy metals from polluted surface water with a tannin-based flocculant agent, J. Hazard. Mater., 165, 1215, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.104 Hu, 2009, Removal of chromium from aqueous solution by using oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 1542, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.058 Huang, 2010, Adsorption of surfactant micelles and Cd2+/Zn2+ in micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration, J. Hazard. Mater., 183, 287, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.022 Huisman, 2006, Biologically produced sulphide for purification of process streams, effluent treatment and recovery of metals in the metal and mining industry, Hydrometallurgy, 83, 106, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.03.017 Iijima, 1991, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, 354, 56, 10.1038/354056a0 Inglezakis, 2003, Modeling of ion exchange of Pb2+ in fixed beds of clinoptilolite, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 61, 273, 10.1016/S1387-1811(03)00374-3 Inglezakis, 2007, Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by using clinoptilolite and bentonite as adsorbents, Desalination, 210, 248, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.05.049 Ipek, 2005, Removal of Ni(II) and Zn(II) from an aqueous solution by reverse osmosis, Desalination, 174, 161, 10.1016/j.desal.2004.09.009 Issabayeva, 2006, Electrodeposition of copper and lead on palm shell activated carbon in a flow-through electrolytic cell, Desalination, 194, 192, 10.1016/j.desal.2005.09.029 Jai, 2007, Removal of heavy metals using waste eggshell, J. Environ. Sci., 19, 1436, 10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60234-4 Jiang, 2010, Adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) onto natural kaolinite clay, Desalination, 252, 33, 10.1016/j.desal.2009.11.005 Jusoh, 2007, A simulation study of the removal efficiency of granular activated carbon on cadmium and lead, Desalination, 206, 9, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.048 Kabbashi, 2009, Kinetic adsorption of application of carbon nanotubes for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution, J. Environ. Sci., 21, 539, 10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62305-0 Kabdaşlı, 2009, Complexing agent and heavy metal removals from metal plating effluent by electrocoagulation with stainless steel electrodes, J. Hazard. Mater., 165, 838, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.065 Kaczala, 2009, Lead and vanadium removal from a real industrial wastewater by gravitational settling/sedimentation and sorption onto Pinus sylvestris sawdust, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 235, 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.055 Kandah, 2007, Removal of nickel ions from water by multi-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Hazard. Mater., 146, 283, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.019 Kang, 2004, Competitive adsorption characteristics of Co2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+ by IRN-77 cation exchange resin in synthesized wastewater, Chemosphere, 56, 141, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.02.004 Kang, 2008, Sorption of Cu2+ and Cd2+ onto acid- and base-pretreated granular activated carbon and activated carbon fiber samples, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 14, 131, 10.1016/j.jiec.2007.08.007 Khelifa, 2005, Treatment of metal finishing effluents by the electroflotation technique, Desalination, 181, 27, 10.1016/j.desal.2005.01.011 Khezami, 2005, Removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution by activated carbons: kinetic and equilibrium studies, J. Hazard. Mater., 123, 223, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.04.012 Kim, 2005, Humic substance-enhanced ultrafiltration for removal of cobalt, J. Hazard. Mater., 122, 31, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.043 Kohler, 2007, Removal of cadmium from wastewaters by aragonite shells and the influence of other divalent cations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 112, 10.1021/es060756j Kongsricharoern, 1995, Electrochemical precipitation of chromium (Cr6+) from an electroplating wastewater, Wat. Sci. Technol., 31, 109, 10.1016/0273-1223(95)00412-G Kongsuwan, 2009, Binary component sorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) with activated carbon from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn bark, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 15, 465, 10.1016/j.jiec.2009.02.002 Korus, 2009, Removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by means of polyelectrolyte-enhanced ultrafiltration, Desalination, 247, 390, 10.1016/j.desal.2008.12.036 Koseoglu, 2009, The recovery of silver from mining wastewaters using hybrid cyanidation and high-pressure membrane process, Miner. Eng., 22, 440, 10.1016/j.mineng.2008.11.006 Kousi, P., Remoudaki, E., Hatzikioseyian, A., Tsezos, M., 2007. A study of the operating parameters of a sulphate-reducing fixed-bed reactor for the treatment of metal-bearing wastewater. In: 17th International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium, Germany, Frankfurt am Main. Ku, 2001, Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions by UV irradiation with the presence of titanium dioxide, Water Res., 35, 135, 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00098-1 Kuo, 2009, Adsorption of aqueous cadmium (II) onto modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes following microwave/chemical treatment, Desalination, 249, 792, 10.1016/j.desal.2008.11.023 Kurniawan, 2006, Physico–chemical treatment techniques for wastewater laden with heavy metals, Chem. Eng. J., 118, 83, 10.1016/j.cej.2006.01.015 Labanda, 2009, Feasibility study on the recovery of chromium (III) by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration, Desalination, 249, 577, 10.1016/j.desal.2008.06.031 Lambert, 2006, Separation of sodium ions from trivalent chromium by electrodialysis using monovalent cation selective membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 280, 219, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.01.021 Landaburu-Aguirre, 2009, The removal of zinc from synthetic wastewaters by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration: statistical design of experiments, Desalination, 240, 262, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.077 Landaburu-Aguirre, 2010, Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration for the removal of cadmium and zinc: use of response surface methodology to improve understanding of process performance and optimisation, J. Hazard. Mater., 180, 524, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.066 Li, 2009, Recovery and reuse of surfactant SDS from a MEUF retentate containing Cd2+ or Zn2+ by ultrafiltration, J. Membr. Sci., 337, 92, 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.03.030 Li, 2010, Removal of copper from aqueous solution by carbon nanotube/calcium alginate composites, J. Hazard. Mater., 177, 876, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.114 Liu, 2008, Competitive adsorption of heavy metal ions on peat, J. China Univ. Min. Technol., 18, 255, 10.1016/S1006-1266(08)60054-1 Liu, 2008, Performance of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes in metal effluent treatment, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 16, 441, 10.1016/S1004-9541(08)60102-0 Lu, 2006, Removal of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) from aqueous solutions and industrial wastewaters by natural clino-pyrrhotite, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 3064, 10.1021/es052057x Lundh, 2000, Experimental studies of the fluid dynamics in the separation zone in dissolved air flotation, Water Res., 34, 21, 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00136-0 Mata, 2009, Sugar-beet pulp pectin gels as biosorbent for heavy metals: preparation and determination of biosorption and desorption characteristics, Chem. Eng. J., 150, 289, 10.1016/j.cej.2009.01.001 Matlock, 2002, Effectiveness of commercial reagents for heavy metal removal from water with new insights for future chelate designs, J. Hazard. Mater., 92, 129, 10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00389-2 Matlock, 2002, Advanced mercury removal from gold leachate solutions prior to gold and silver extraction: a field study from an active gold mine in Peru, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1636, 10.1021/es0112285 Matlock, 2002, Chemical precipitation of heavy metals from acid mine drainage, Water Res., 36, 4757, 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00149-5 Medina, 2005, On the kinetics of precipitate flotation of Cr III using sodium dodecylsulfate and ethanol, Miner. Eng., 18, 225, 10.1016/j.mineng.2004.08.018 Mirbagheri, 2005, Pilot plant investigation on petrochemical wastewater treatment for the removal of copper and chromium with the objective of reuse, Desalination, 171, 85, 10.1016/j.desal.2004.03.022 Mohammadi, 2004, Effect of operating parameters on Pb2+ separation from wastewater using electrodialysis, Desalination, 167, 379, 10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.150 Mohan, 2006, Removal and recovery of metal ions from acid mine drainage using lignite—a low cost sorbent, J. Hazard. Mater., 137, 1545, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.04.053 Mohsen-Nia, 2007, Removal of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from wastewater with a chelating agent and reverse osmosis processes, Desalination, 217, 276, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.01.043 Molinari, 2008, Selective separation of copper(II) and nickel(II) from aqueous media using the complexation–ultrafiltration process, Chemosphere, 70, 341, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.041 Motsi, 2009, Adsorption of heavy metals from acid mine drainage by natural zeolite, Int. J. Miner. Process, 92, 42, 10.1016/j.minpro.2009.02.005 Murthy, 2008, Application of nanofiltration for the rejection of nickel ions from aqueous solutions and estimation of membrane transport parameters, J. Hazard. Mater., 160, 70, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.085 Murthy, 2009, Separation of binary heavy metals from aqueous solutions by nanofiltration and characterization of the membrane using Spiegler–Kedem model, Chem. Eng. J., 150, 181, 10.1016/j.cej.2008.12.023 Muthukrishnan, 2008, Effect of pH on rejection of hexavalent chromium by nanofiltration, Desalination, 219, 171, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.04.054 Namasivayam, 1999, Uptake of mercury (II) from wastewater by activated carbon from unwanted agricultural solid by-product: coirpith, Carbon, 37, 79, 10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00189-4 Nanseu-Njiki, 2009, Mercury(II) removal from water by electrocoagulation using aluminium and iron electrodes, J. Hazard. Mater., 168, 1430, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.042 Naseem, 2001, Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by using bentonite as an adsorbent, Water Res., 35, 3982, 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00130-0 Nataraj, 2007, Potential application of an electrodialysis pilot plant containing ion-exchange membranes in chromium removal, Desalination, 217, 181, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.012 Nguyen, 2009, Performance and mechanism of arsenic removal from water by a nanofiltration membrane, Desalination, 245, 82, 10.1016/j.desal.2008.04.047 Ölmez, 2009, The optimization of Cr(VI) reduction and removal by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 1371, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.017 Özverdi, 2006, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption from aqueous solutions by pyrite and synthetic iron sulphide, J. Hazard. Mater., 137, 626, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.051 Odom, 1998, Atomic structure and electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nature, 391, 62, 10.1038/34145 Oliveira, 2008, Evaluation of untreated coffee husks as potential biosorbents for treatment of dye contaminated waters, J. Hazard. Mater., 155, 507, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.093 Ostroski, 2009, A comparative study for the ion exchange of Fe(III) and Zn(II) on zeolite NaY, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 1404, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.111 Oyaro, 2007, The contents of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd in meat in Nairobi, Kenya, Int. J. Food Agric. Environ., 5, 119 Oztekin, 2006, Recovery of metals from complexed solutions by electrodeposition, Desalination, 190, 79, 10.1016/j.desal.2005.07.017 Pan, 2007, Surface reaction of Bacillus cereus biomass and its biosorption for lead and copper ions, J. Environ. Sci., 19, 403, 10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60067-9 Papadopoulos, 2004, Nickel uptake from a wastewater stream produced in a metal finishing industry by combination of ion-exchange and precipitation methods, Sep. Purif. Technol., 39, 181, 10.1016/j.seppur.2003.10.010 Parga, 2005, Arsenic removal via electrocoagulation from heavy metal contaminated groundwater in La Comarca Lagunera México, J. Hazard. Mater., 124, 247, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.05.017 Park, 2007, Activated carbon-containing alginate adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of heavy metals and toxic organics, Process Biochem., 42, 1371, 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.06.016 Paulino, 2006, Novel adsorbent based on silkworm chrysalides for removal of heavy metals from wastewaters, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 301, 479, 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.05.032 Pavasant, 2006, Biosorption of Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ using dried marine green macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera, Bioresour. Technol., 97, 2321, 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.032 Pillay, 2009, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as adsorbents for the removal of parts per billion levels of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution, J. Hazard. Mater., 166, 1067, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.011 Plattes, 2007, Removal of tungsten oxyanions from industrial wastewater by precipitation, coagulation and flocculation processes, J. Hazard. Mater., 148, 613, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.016 Polat, 2007, Heavy metal removal from waste waters by ion flotation, J. Hazard. Mater., 148, 267, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.02.013 Quintelas, 2009, Biosorptive performance of an Escherichia coli biofilm supported on zeolite NaY for the removal of Cr(VI), Cd(II), Fe(III) and Ni(II), Chem. Eng. J., 152, 110, 10.1016/j.cej.2009.03.039 Rao, 2007, Sorption of divalent metal ions from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes: a review, Sep. Purif. Technol., 58, 224, 10.1016/j.seppur.2006.12.006 Reyes, 2009, Using lignimerin (a recovered organic material from Kraft cellulose mill wastewater) as sorbent for Cu and Zn retention from aqueous solutions, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 4676, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.080 Rodríguez-Iznaga, 2002, Natural clinoptilolite as an exchanger of Ni2+ and NH4+ ions under hydrothermal conditions and high ammonia concentration, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 53, 71, 10.1016/S1387-1811(02)00325-6 Rubio, 2002, Overview of flotation as a wastewater treatment technique, Miner. Eng., 15, 139, 10.1016/S0892-6875(01)00216-3 Sadrzadeha, 2009, Neural network modeling of Pb2+ removal from wastewater using electrodialysis, Chem. Eng. Process., 48, 1371, 10.1016/j.cep.2009.07.001 Saeed, 2005, Removal and recovery of lead(II) from single and multimetal (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn) solutions by crop milling waste (black gram husk), J. Hazard. Mater., 117, 65, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.09.008 Sampera, 2009, Removal of metal ions at low concentration by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), Sep. Purif. Technol., 65, 337, 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.11.013 Schiewer, 2008, Modeling the effect of pH on biosorption of heavy metals by citrus peels, J. Hazard. Mater., 157, 8, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.076 Shafaei, 2010, Removal of Mn2+ ions from synthetic wastewater by electrocoagulation process, Desalination, 260, 23, 10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.006 Shahalam, 2002, Feed water pretreatment in RO systems in the Middle East, Desalination, 150, 235, 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00979-7 Sheng, 2009, Adsorption of Pb(II) on diatomite as affected via aqueous solution chemistry and temperature, Colloid Surf., 339, 159, 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.02.016 Souiri, 2009, Escherichia coli-functionalized magnetic nanobeads as an ultrasensitive biosensor for heavy metals, Proced. Chem., 1, 1027, 10.1016/j.proche.2009.07.256 Srivastava, 2008, Novel biofiltration methods for the treatment of heavy metals from industrial wastewater, J. Hazard. Mater., 151, 1, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.101 Sud, 2008, Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions – a review, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 6017, 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.064 Sudilovskiy, 2008, Use of RO and NF for treatment of copper containing wastewaters in combination with flotation, Desalination, 221, 192, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.076 Sun, 2009, Nickel removal from wastewater by electroflocculation-filtration hybridization, Desalination, 249, 832, 10.1016/j.desal.2009.01.040 Taffarel, 2009, On the removal of Mn2+ ions by adsorption onto natural and activated Chilean zeolites, Miner. Eng., 22, 336, 10.1016/j.mineng.2008.09.007 Tanninen, 2006, Nanofiltration of concentrated acidic copper sulphate solutions, Desalination, 189, 92, 10.1016/j.desal.2005.06.017 Tassel, 1997, Removal of mercury from gold cyanide solution by dissolved air flotation, Miner. Eng., 10, 803, 10.1016/S0892-6875(97)00058-7 Tessele, 1998, Removal of Hg, As and Se ions from gold cyanide leach solutions by dissolved air flotation, Miner. Eng., 11, 535, 10.1016/S0892-6875(98)00035-1 Tokuyama, 2010, Removal of heavy metal ions and humic acid from aqueous solutions by co-adsorption onto thermosensitive polymers, Sep. Purif. Technol., 71, 83, 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.11.005 Trivunac, 2006, Removal of heavy metal ions from water by complexation-assisted ultrafiltration, Chemosphere, 64, 486, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.073 Tsekova, 2010, Biosorption of copper(II) and cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions by free and immobilized biomass of Aspergillus niger, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 1727, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.012 Tuzen, 2008, Pseudomonas aeruginosa immobilized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as biosorbent for heavy metal ions, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 1563, 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.013 Üçer, 2006, Adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) ions by tannic acid immobilised activated carbon, Sep. Purif. Technol., 47, 113, 10.1016/j.seppur.2005.06.012 Vuković, 2010, Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by oxidized and ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Chem. Eng. J., 157, 238, 10.1016/j.cej.2009.11.026 Wan Ngah, 2008, Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: a review, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 3935, 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.011 Wang, 2007, Mechanism study on adsorption of acidified multiwalled carbon nanotubes to Pb(II), J. Colloid Interface Sci., 316, 277, 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.07.075 Wang, 2007, Advanced physicochemical treatment technologies, vol. 5 Waters, 1990, Dissolved air flotation used as primary separation for heavy metal removal, Filtrat. Sep., 27, 70, 10.1016/0015-1882(90)80152-B Xu, 2006, Experimental research on heavy metal wastewater treatment with dipropyl dithiophosphate, J. Hazard. Mater., 137, 1636, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.04.055 Yanagisawa, 2010, Adsorption of Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions onto magnesium and activated carbon composite in aqueous solution, Appl. Surf. Sci., 256, 1619, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.10.010 Yang, 2003, Recovery of heavy metals from spent Ni–Cd batteries by a potentiostatic electrodeposition technique, J. Power Sources, 115, 352, 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00015-6 Yuan, 2008, Evaluation of tea-derived biosurfactant on removing heavy metal ions from dilute wastewater by ion flotation, Colloid Surf., 317, 256, 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.10.024 Zhang, 2009, Mechanism of combination membrane and electro-winning process on treatment and remediation of Cu2+ polluted water body, J. Environ. Sci., 21, 764, 10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62338-4