Microbiology and management of respiratory infections in children with tracheostomy

F. Birru1, C.A. Gerdung1, M. Castro-Codesal1
1Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

Tài liệu tham khảo

Sanders, 2018, Tracheostomy in children: Epidemiology and clinical outcomes, Pediatr Pulmonol, 53, 1269, 10.1002/ppul.24071 Guttmann, 2009, Outcomes-based health human resource planning for maternal, child and youth health care in Canada: A new horizon for the 21st century, Paediatr Child Health, 14, 310, 10.1093/pch/14.5.310 Namachivayam, 2010, Three decades of pediatric intensive care: Who was admitted, what happened in intensive care, and what happened afterward*, Pediatr Crit Care Med, 11, 549, 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181ce7427 Roessler F, Grossenbacher R, Walt H. Effects of tracheostomy on human tracheobronchial mucosa: a scanning electron microscopic study*? The Laryngoscope. 1988 Nov;98(11):1261???1267. El Cheikh, 2018, Microbiology of Tracheal Secretions: What to Expect with Children and Adolescents with Tracheostomies, Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 22, 050, 10.1055/s-0037-1601403 Stratton, 1986, Topics in Clinical Microbiology: Pseudomonas cepacia, Infect Control, 7, 281, 10.1017/S0195941700064213 McLaren, 2021, Airway Microbiology in Tracheostomized Children, Respir Care, 66, 281, 10.4187/respcare.07890 Kerr, 2009, Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a formidable and ever-present adversary, J Hosp Infect, 73, 338, 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.04.020 Gregson, 2021, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in respiratory samples in children with neurodisability—to treat or not to treat?, Eur J Pediatr, 180, 2897, 10.1007/s00431-021-04025-y Grosse-Onnebrink, 2019, Acinetobacter baumannii Is a Risk Factor for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children and Adolescents With a Tracheostomy, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 38, 1005, 10.1097/INF.0000000000002421 Tan, 2020, Respiratory tract infections in children with tracheostomy, J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 53, 315, 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.07.002 McCaleb, 2016, Description of Respiratory Microbiology of Children with Long-Term Tracheostomies, Respir Care, 61, 447, 10.4187/respcare.03518 Lipový, 2013, Effect of timing of tracheostomy on changes in bacterial colonisation of the lower respiratory tract in burned children, Burns, 39, 255, 10.1016/j.burns.2012.05.023 Pérez-Losada M, Graham RJ, Coquillette M, Jafarey A, Castro-Nallar E, Aira M, et al. The temporal dynamics of the tracheal microbiome in tracheostomised patients with and without lower respiratory infections. Wilson BA, editor. PLOS ONE. 2017 Aug 10;12(8):e0182520. Atag, 2021, The effect of nebulized antibiotics in children with tracheostomy, Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 143, 110665, 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110665 Al-Samri M, Mitchell I, Drummond DS, Bjornson C. Tracheostomy in children: A population-based experience over 17 years. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010;n/a-n/a. Russell, 2019, Development of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Positive Respiratory Cultures in Children with Tracheostomy, Lung, 197, 811, 10.1007/s00408-019-00285-6 Morrison, 2022, Diagnosis, management, and outcomes of pediatric tracheostomy-associated infections: A scoping review, Pediatr Pulmonol, 57, 1145, 10.1002/ppul.25873 Grønhøj, 2017, Indications, risk of lower airway infection, and complications to pediatric tracheotomy: report from a tertiary referral center, Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh), 137, 868, 10.1080/00016489.2017.1295469 Morar, 2002, Oropharyngeal carriage and lower airway colonisation/infection in 45 tracheotomised children, Thorax, 57, 1015, 10.1136/thorax.57.12.1015 Lugo-Machado, 2021, Tracheostomy tube infection in children: a systematic review of the literature, Romanian J Rhinol, 11, 160, 10.2478/rjr-2021-0027 Rusakow, 1998, Suspected Respiratory Tract Infection in the Tracheostomized Child, Chest, 113, 1549, 10.1378/chest.113.6.1549 Espahbodi, 2020, Significance of positive tracheal cultures in the 30 days following tracheostomy, Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 134, 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110028 Akangire, 2017, Factors leading to rehospitalization for tracheostomized and ventilator-dependent infants through 2 years of age, J Perinatol, 37, 857, 10.1038/jp.2017.54 Eckerland, 2019, Reducing the frequency of respiratory tract infections in severe neurological disorders by inhaled antibiotics: a retrospective data analysis, ERJ Open Res, 5, 00149, 10.1183/23120541.00149-2018 Yaneza, 2015, Changing indications for paediatric tracheostomy and the role of a multidisciplinary tracheostomy clinic, J Laryngol Otol, 129, 882, 10.1017/S0022215115001140 Maurice, 2018, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms: Host Response and Clinical Implications in Lung Infections, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 58, 428, 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0321TR Döring, 2000, Antibiotic therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: a European consensus, Eur Respir J, 16, 749, 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16d30.x Wai-Kin LEE. Eradication of Pseudomonas from tracheotomised children: mission impossible?.Journal of Paediatric Respirology and Critical Care. Volume 1 No. 1, March 2005. Bassetti, 2018, Rational approach in the management of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, Curr Opin Infect Dis, 31, 578, 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000505 Wadia R, Tablizo MA, Fong EW. A-pact: The Use of Inhaled Aztreonam to Eliminate or Decrease the Bacterial Burden of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Children with Atracheostomy Tube. In: B53 Sleep disordered breathing and long-term ventilation in pediatrics [Internet]. American Thoracic Society; 2019 [cited 2023 Mar 27]. p. A3587–A3587. Available from: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3587. Vasconcellos Severo, 2023, Tracheostomized children tracheal colonization and antibiotic resistance profile – A STROBE analysis, Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis, 140, 71, 10.1016/j.anorl.2022.07.002 Jutras, 2021, Inhaled Antibiotics for the Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections in Children with a Tracheostomy, Front Pediatr, 5 Bahador, 2019, Molecular detection of virulence factors and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from different clinical specimens in Bandar Abbas, Iran J Microbiol, 11, 25 Spinou, 2020, A Review on Cough Augmentation Techniques: Assisted Inspiration, Assisted Expiration and Their Combination, Physiol Res, 27, S93, 10.33549/physiolres.934407 Lynne Katz, 2018, on behalf of the CTS Pediatric Home Ventilation Guidelines Panel. Section 5: Airway clearance, Can J Respir Crit Care Sleep Med, 2, 32 Belli S, Prince I, Savio G, Paracchini E, Cattaneo D, Bianchi M, et al. Airway Clearance Techniques: The Right Choice for the Right Patient. Front Med. 2021 Feb 4;8:544826. Care of the Child with a Chronic Tracheostomy: This Official Statement of the American Thoracic Society Was Adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jan 1;161(1):297–308. Watters, 2017, Tracheostomy in Infants and Children, Respir Care, 62, 799, 10.4187/respcare.05366 Eid, 2011, Successful prevention of tracheostomy associated pneumonia in step-down units, Am J Infect Control, 39, 500, 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.09.015 Kelly, 2021, Rapid changes in mucociliary transport in the tracheal epithelium caused by unconditioned room air or nebulized hypertonic saline and mannitol are not determined by frequency of beating cilia, Intensive Care Med Exp, 9, 8, 10.1186/s40635-021-00374-y Gipsman, 2022, Tracheobronchitis in children with tracheostomy tubes: Overview of a challenging problem, Pediatr Pulmonol, 57, 814, 10.1002/ppul.25814 St‐Laurent, 2023, Chronic tracheostomy care of ventilator-dependent and -independent children: Clinical practice patterns of pediatric respirologists in a publicly funded (Canadian) healthcare system, Pediatr Pulmonol, 58, 140, 10.1002/ppul.26171