1Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
2Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
3Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
4Julius Center for Health Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
5Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
6Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands