Social Participation, Sense of Community and Social Well Being: A Study on American, Italian and Iranian University Students
Tóm tắt
Aim of the study was to assess the relationship between social participation and Sense of Community in a sample of University students and the impact of such variables on Social well being. A further aim was to assess the generality of the relationships between these constructs across different countries, and specifically, the USA, Italy and Iran. The sample includes 200 Italian, 125 American and 214 Iranian University students, male and female. Results show higher levels of social participation, Sense of Community and Social well being among American students. Sense of Community is positively correlated with social participation in all three samples; however, only among Italian students social participation positively predicts Social well being. Implications of results will be discussed.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Seeman, I., & Brisette, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science and Medicine, 51, 843–857.
Bess, K. D., Fisher, A. T., Sonn, C. C., & Bishop, B. J. (2002). Psychological sense of community: Theory, research, and application. In A. T. Fisher, & C. C. Sonn (Eds.), Psychological sense of community: Research applications, and implications (pp. 3–22). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Brown, R. J., Condor, F., Mathews, A., Wade, G., & Williams, J. A. (1986). Explaining intergroup differentiation in an industrial organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 59(4), 273–287.
Buzzi, C., Cavalli, A., & De Lillo, A. (2002). Giovani del nuovo secolo. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Chavis, D. M., & Wandersman, A. (1990). Sense of community in the urban environment: A catalyst for participation and community development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18, 55–82.
Chipuer, H. M., Bramston, P., & Pretty, G. (2004). Determinants of subjective quality of life among rural adolescents: A developmental perspective. Social Indicators Research, 61, 79–95.
Chipuer, H. M., & Pretty, G. H. (1999). A review of the sense of community index: Current uses, factor structure, reliability, and further development. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(6), 643–658.
Cicognani, E., Albanesi, C., & Berti, P. (2001). Dimensioni del benessere sociale: applicazione di uno strumento di misurazione. Psicologia della Salute, 1, 105–122.
Cicognani, E., Albanesi, C., & Zani, B. (2006). Il senso di comunità in adolescenza: uno strumento di misura. Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata, 250, 13–30.
Cornolti, G., Cotti, F., & Bonomi, P. (2005). Euyoupart, WP8, Italy, National Report. Milano: Fondazione IARD.
Cotterell, J. (1996). Social networks and social influences in adolescence. London: Routledge.
Da Silva, L., Sanson, A., Smart, D., & Toumbourou, J. (2004). Civic responsibility among Australian adolescents: Testing two competing models. Journal of Community Psychology, 32(3), 229–255.
Davidson, W. B., & Cotter, P. R. (1986). Measurement of sense of community within the sphere of city. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16(7), 608–619.
Eccles, J., & Barber, B. (1999). Student council, volunteering, basketball, or marching band: What kind of extracurricular involvement matters? Journal of Adolescent Research, 14(1), 10–34.
Fisher A. T., Sonn C. C., & Bishop B. (Eds.) (2002). Psychological sense of community: Research, applications, and implications. New York: Plenum Press.
Gamson, W. A. (1992). The social psychology of collective action. In A. Morris & C. Mueller (Eds.), Frontiers of social movement theory (pp. 53–76). New Haven: Yale University Press.
Heller, K., Price, R. H., Reinhartz, S., Riger, S., Wandersman, A., & D’Aunno T. A. (1984). Psychology and community change: Challenges of the future. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Hughey, J., Speer, P. W., & Peterson, N. A. (1999). Sense of community in community organizations: Structure and evidence of validity. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(1), 97–113.
Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121–140.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2003). Complete mental health: An agenda for the 21th century. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing. Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 293–312). Washington DC: American Psychological Association Press.
Kousha, M., & Mohseni, N. (2000). Are Iranians happy? A comparative study between Iran and the United States. Social Indicators Research, 52, 259–289.
Lindström, M. (2005). Ethnic differences in social participation and social capital in Malmö, Sweden: A population-based study. Social Sciences & Medicine, 60, 1527–1546.
McBride, A. M., Sherraden, M. S., & Pritzker, S. (2006). Civic engagement among low-income and low-wealth families: in their words. Family relations, 55(2), 152–162.
McMillan, W. D., & Chavis, M. D. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and a theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 6–22.
Obst, P., & White, K. M. (2005). An exploration of the interplay between psychological sense of community, social identification and salience. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 15, 127–135.
Obst, P., Smith, S. G., & Zinkiewicz, L. (2002). An exploration of sense of community, part 3: Dimensions and predictors of psychological sense of community in geographical communities. Journal of Community Psychology, 30(1), 119–133.
Perkins, D., Florin, P., Rich, R., Wandersman, A., & Chavis, D. M. (1990). Participation and the social and physical environment of residential blocks: Crime and community context. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18, 631–655.
Pretty, G. M. H., Conroy, C., Dugay, J., Fowler, K., & Williams, D. (1996). Sense of community and its relevance to adolescents of all ages. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 24(4), 365–379.
Prezza, M., Amici, M., Roberti, T., & Tedeschi, G. (2001). Sense of community referred to the whole town: Its relations with neighbouring, loneliness, life satisfaction and area of residence. Journal of Community Psychology, 29(1), 29–52.
Prilleltensky, I., Nelson, G., & Peirson, L. (2001). The role of power and control in children’s lives: An ecological analysis of pathways toward wellness, resilience, and problems. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 11, 143–158.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Smetana, J. G., Campione-Barr, N., & Metzger, A. (2006). Adolescent development in interpersonal and societal contexts. Annual Review of Psychology, 57(15), 1–15.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Chicago: Nelson.
Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic volunteerism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wandersman, A., & Florin, P. (2000). Citizen participation and community organizations. In J. Rappaport & E. Seidman (Eds.), Handbook of community psychology (pp. 247–252). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Weller, S. (2006). Skateboarding alone? Making social capital discourse relevant to teenagers’ lives. Journal of Youth Studies, 9(5), 557–574.
Yates, M., & Youniss, J. (1999). Roots of civic identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Youniss, J., Bales, S., Christmas-Best, V., McLaughlin, M., & Silbereisen, R. (2002). Youth civic engagement in the twenty-first century. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12(1), 121–148.
Youniss, J., McLellan, J. A., & Yates, M. (1997). What we know about engendering civic identity. American Behavioural Scientist, 40(5), 620–631.