Resultant Seebeck coefficient formulated by combining the Thomson effect with the intrinsic Seebeck coefficient of a thermoelectric element

Wood, 1988, Materials for thermoelectric energy conversion, Prog Phys, 51, 459, 10.1088/0034-4885/51/4/001 Sakurada, 2005, Effect of Ti substitution of the thermoelectric properties of (Zr,Hf)NiSn half-Heusler compounds, Appl Phys Lett, 37, 082105-1 Ettenberg MH, Jesser WA, Rosi FD. A new n-type and improved p-type pseudo-ternary (Bi2 Te3) (Sb2 Te3) (Sb2 Se3) alloy for Peltier cooling. In Proceeding of the 15th international conference on thermoelectrics. Piscataway NJ; 1996. p. 52–56. Yamashita, 2003, Effect of annealing on thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride compounds, Jpn J Appl Phys, 42, 492, 10.1143/JJAP.42.492 Goldsmid, 1964 Ioffe, 1957, Semiconductor thermoelements and thermoelectric cooling, Infosearch London Min, 2004, Thermoelectric figure-of-merit under large temperature differences, J Phys D, 37, 1301, 10.1088/0022-3727/37/8/020 Hsu, 2004, Cubic AgPb m SbTe2+m: bulk thermoelectric materials with high figure of merit, Science, 303, 818, 10.1126/science.1092963 Damodara Das, 1987, Size and temperature effects on the Seebeck coefficient of thin bismuth films, Phys Rev B, 35, 5990, 10.1103/PhysRevB.35.5990 Den Ouden, 1988, Direct measurement of the Thosmson heat by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermochim Acta, 124, 329, 10.1016/0040-6031(88)87035-7 Ivanova, 2000, Thermoelectric properties of Bi2 Te3-Sb2 Te3 single crystals in the range 100–700K, Inorg Mater, 36, 672, 10.1007/BF02758419