How Viruses Escape from Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: Molecular Parameters and Players

Virology - Tập 234 Số 2 - Trang 179-185 - 1997
Michael B. A. Oldstone1
1Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Aebischer, 1991, In vitro selection of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus escape mutants by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 11047, 10.1073/pnas.88.24.11047

Ahn, 1996, Molecular mechanism and species specificity of TAP inhibition by herpes simplex virus ICP47, EMBO J., 15, 3247, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00689.x

Ahn, 1996, Human cytomegalovirus inhibits antigen presentation by a sequential multistep process, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 10990, 10.1073/pnas.93.20.10990

Ahn, 1997, The ER-luminal domain of the HCMV glycoprotein US6 inhibits peptide translocation by TAP, Immunity, 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80349-0

Andersson, 1985, Impaired intracellular transport of class I MHC antigens as a possible means for adenoviruses to evade immune surveillance, Cell, 43, 215, 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90026-1

Battegay, 1994, Enhanced establishment of a virus carrier state in adult CD4+, J. Virol., 68, 4700, 10.1128/JVI.68.7.4700-4704.1994

Bertoletti, 1994, Natural variants of cytotoxic epitopes are T-cell receptor antagonists for antiviral cytotoxic T cells, Nature, 369, 407, 10.1038/369407a0

Bjorkman, 1987, Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2, Nature, 329, 506, 10.1038/329506a0

Borrow, 1997, Antiviral pressure exerted by HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during primary infection demonstrated by rapid selection of CTL escape virus, Nature Med., 3, 205, 10.1038/nm0297-205

P. Borrow, M. B. A. Oldstone, 1997, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Viral Pathogenesis, et al. 593, 627, Lippincott–Raven, Philadelphia

Borrow, 1995, Virus-induced immunosuppression: Immune system-mediated destruction of virus-infected dendritic cells results in generalized immune suppression, J. Virol., 69, 1059, 10.1128/JVI.69.2.1059-1070.1995

Burgert, 1985, An adenovirus type 2 glycoprotein blocks cell surface expression of human histocompatibility class I antigens, Cell, 41, 987, 10.1016/S0092-8674(85)80079-9

Burrows, 1996, Unusually high frequency of Epstein–Barr virus genetic variants in Papua New Guinea that can escape cytotoxic T-cell recognition: Implications for virus evolution, J. Virol., 70, 2490, 10.1128/JVI.70.4.2490-2496.1996

Couillin, 1995, HLA-dependent variants in human immunodeficiency virus NEF protein alter peptide/HLA binding, Eur. J. Immunol., 25, 728, 10.1002/eji.1830250315

de Campos-Lima, 1993, HLA-A11 epitope loss isolates of Epstein–Barr virus from a highly A11+, Science, 260, 98, 10.1126/science.7682013

Driscoll, 1990, The proteasome (multicatalytic protease) is a component of the 1500-kDa proteolytic complex which degrades ubiquitin-conjugated proteins, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 4789, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)34041-4

Efrat, 1995, Prolonged survival of pancreatic islet allografts mediated by adenovirus immunoregulatory transgenes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 6947, 10.1073/pnas.92.15.6947

Eisenlohr, 1992, Flanking sequences influence the presentation of an endogenously synthesized peptide to cytotoxic T lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med., 175, 481, 10.1084/jem.175.2.481

Fruh, 1997, Inhibition of MHC class I antigen presentation by viral proteins, J. Mol. Med., 10.1007/s001090050082

Fruh, 1995, A viral inhibitor of peptide transporters for antigen presentation, Nature, 375, 415, 10.1038/375415a0

Fujinami, 1979, Antiviral antibody reacting on the plasma membrane alters measles virus expression inside the cell, Nature, 279, 529, 10.1038/279529a0

Garcia, 1996, An αβ T cell receptor structure at 2.5 Å and its orientation in the TCR–MHC complex, Science, 274, 209, 10.1126/science.274.5285.209

Good, 1991, Experiments of nature in the development of modern immunology, Immunol. Today, 12, 283, 10.1016/0167-5699(91)90127-F

Goulder, 1997, Late escape from an immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response associated with progression to AIDS, Nature Med., 3, 312, 10.1038/nm0297-212

Guidotti, 1994, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes inhibit hepatitis B virus gene expression by a noncytolytic mechanism in transgenic mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 3764, 10.1073/pnas.91.9.3764

Harrer, 1996, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in asymptomatic long-term nonprogressing HIV-1 infection. Breadth and specificity of the response and relation to in vivo viral quasispecies in a person with prolonged infection and low viral load, J. Immunol., 156, 2616, 10.4049/jimmunol.156.7.2616

Henderson, 1992, HLA2.1-associated peptides from a mutant cell line: A second pathway of antigen presentation, Science, 255, 1264, 10.1126/science.1546329

Hill, 1995, Herpes simplex virus turns off the TAP to evade host immunity, Nature, 375, 411, 10.1038/375411a0

A. Hill, M. Kleijnen, D. Schust, U. Koszinowski, H. Ploegh, 1996, Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encodes a 34 kDa glycoprotein which binds to class I MHC molecules at the surface of infected cells, Cell Biology of Virus Entry, Replication and Pathogenesis

Howcroft, 1993, Repression of MHC class I gene promoter activity by two-exon TAT of HIV, Science, 260, 1320, 10.1126/science.8493575

Hudrisier, 1997, The signal sequence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus contains an immunodominant cytotoxic T cell epitope that is restricted by both H-2Dbb, Virology, 10.1006/viro.1997.8627

Hudrisier, 1996, Binding of viral antigens to major histocompatibility complex class I H-2Db, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 17829, 10.1074/jbc.271.30.17829

Jackson, 1990, Identification of a consensus motif for retention of transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, EMBO J., 9, 3153, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07513.x

Jamieson, 1988, T-cell tolerance: Exposure to virus in utero does not cause a permanent deletion of specific T cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 2265, 10.1073/pnas.85.7.2265

Joly, 1992, Neuronal cells are deficient in loading peptides onto MHC class I molecules, Nature, 8, 1185

Joly, 1991, Viral persistence in neurons explained by lack of major histocompatibility complex class I expression, Science, 253, 1283, 10.1126/science.1891717

Jones, 1995, Multiple independent loci within the human cytomegalovirus unique short region down-regulate expression of major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chains, J. Virol., 69, 4830, 10.1128/JVI.69.8.4830-4841.1995

Klenerman, 1994, Cytotoxic T-cell activity antagonized by naturally occurring HIV-1 gag variants, Nature, 369, 403, 10.1038/369403a0

Koup, 1994, Virus escape from CTL recognition, J. Exp. Med., 180, 779, 10.1084/jem.180.3.779

Levine, 1991, Antibody-mediated clearance of alphavirus infection from neurons, Science, 254, 856, 10.1126/science.1658936

Levine, 1992, Persistence of viral RNA in mouse brains after recovery from acute alphavirus encephalitis, J. Virol., 66, 6429, 10.1128/JVI.66.11.6429-6435.1992

Lewicki, 1995, CTL escape viral variants. I. Generation and molecular characterization, Virology, 210, 29, 10.1006/viro.1995.1314

Lewicki, 1995, CTL escape viral variants. II. Biologic activity in vivo, Virology, 211, 433, 10.1006/viro.1995.1426

Lowe, 1995, Crystal structure of the 20 S proteasome from the archaeon T. acidophilum at 3.4 Å resolution, Science, 268, 533, 10.1126/science.7725097

Matloubian, 1994, CD4++, J. Virol., 68, 8056, 10.1128/JVI.68.12.8056-8063.1994

Meyaard, 1994, Quantitative analysis of CD4+, J. Clin. Invest., 94, 1947, 10.1172/JCI117545

Moskophidis, 1995, Immunobiology of cytotoxic T-cell escape mutants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, J. Virol., 69, 2187, 10.1128/JVI.69.4.2187-2193.1995

Niemialtowski, 1994, Quantitative studies on CD4++, Immunobiology, 190, 183, 10.1016/S0171-2985(11)80268-8

Nilsson, 1989, Short cytoplasmic sequences serve as retention signals for transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, Cell, 58, 707, 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90105-0

Ossendorp, 1996, A single residue exchange within a viral CTL epitope alters proteasome-mediated degradation resulting in lack of antigen presentation, Immunity, 5, 115, 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80488-4

Pircher, 1990, Viral escape by selection of cytotoxic T cell-resistant virus variants in vivo, Nature, 346, 629, 10.1038/346629a0

Posavad, 1996, High frequency of CD8+, J. Virol., 70, 8165, 10.1128/JVI.70.11.8165-8168.1996

Rechsteiner, 1993, The multicatalytic and 26 S proteases, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 6065, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53218-X

Schnittman, 1990, Preferential infection of CD4+, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 6058, 10.1073/pnas.87.16.6058

Sissons, 1979, Lysis of measles virus-infected cells by the purified cytolytic alternative complement pathway and antibody, J. Exp. Med., 150, 445, 10.1084/jem.150.3.445

Slater, 1997, Down-regulation of MHC class I synthesis by murine cytomegalovirus occurs in immortalized but not primary fibroblasts, Virology, 229, 221, 10.1006/viro.1997.8440

Sykulev, 1996, Evidence that a single peptide–MHC complex on a target cell can elicit a cytolytic T cell response, Immunity, 4, 565, 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80483-5

Tahle, 1995, Identification of the mouse cytomegalovirus genomic region affecting major histocompatibility complex class I molecule transport, J. Virol., 69, 6098, 10.1128/JVI.69.10.6098-6105.1995

Thomsen, 1996, Exhaustion of CTL memory and recrudescence of viremia in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected MHC class II-deficient mice and B cell-deficient mice, J. Immunol., 157, 3074, 10.4049/jimmunol.157.7.3074

Tishon, 1995, An essential role for type 1 interferon-γ in terminating persistent viral infection, Virology, 212, 244, 10.1006/viro.1995.1477

Townsend, 1993, The transporters associated with antigen presentation, Semin. Cell Biol., 4, 53, 10.1006/scel.1993.1007

Vasilakos, 1993, Herpes simplex virus class I-restricted peptide induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo independent of CD4+, J. Immunol., 150, 2346, 10.4049/jimmunol.150.6.2346

von Herrath, 1997, Expression of adenoviral E3 transgenes in β-cells prevents autoimmune diabetes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,, 10.1073/pnas.94.18.9808

Whitton, 1996, Immune response to viruses, 345

Wiertz, 1996, The human cytomegalovirus US11 gene product dislocates MHC class I heavy chains from the ER to the cytosol, Cell, 84, 769, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81054-5

Yasukawa, 1984, Human cytotoxic T cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus infected cells: Lysis restricted by HLA-11 MB and DR antigens, J. Immunol., 133, 422, 10.4049/jimmunol.133.1.422

York, 1994, A cytosolic herpes simplex protein inhibits antigen presentation to CD8+, Cell, 77, 525, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90215-1