Effect of wet-dry cycles on standard & polymer-amended GCLs in covers subjected to flow over the GCL

American Society for Testing and Materials, 2004 2006, Standard test method for swell index of clay mineral component of geosynthetic clay liners, ASTM, D5890 American Society for Testing and Materials, 2008 Ashe, 2015, Laboratory study of down-slope erosion for ten different GCLs, ASCE J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 141, 1, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001191 Bohnhoff, 2014, Hydraulic conductivity of chemically modified bentonites for containment barriers, 440 Bouazza, 2002, Geosynthetic clay liners, Geotext. Geomembranes, 20, 3, 10.1016/S0266-1144(01)00025-5 Bostwick, 2010, Anisotropy and directional shrinkage of geosynthetic clay liners, Geosynth. Int., 17, 1, 10.1680/gein.2010.17.3.157 Brachman, 2015, Classification and quantification of downslope erosion from a GCL when covered only by a black geomembrane, Can. Geotech. J., 52, 395, 10.1139/cgj-2014-0241 Brachman, 2018, Reductions in GCL overlap beneath an exposed geomembrane, ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 144, 9, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001985 De Camillis, 2014, Polymer treated clays subjected to wet-dry cycling with seawater, 1002 De Camillis, 2016, Hydraulic conductivity and swelling ability of a polymer modified bentonite subjected to wet–dry cycles in seawater, Geotext. Geomembranes, 44, 739, 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2016.05.007 De Camillis, 2017, Effect of wet-dry cycles on polymer treated bentonite in seawater: swelling ability, hydraulic conductivity and crack analysis, Appl. Clay Sci., 142, 52, 10.1016/j.clay.2016.11.011 Koerner, 2005, 34 Li, 2020, GCL self-healing: fully penetrating hole/slit hydrated with RO water and 10 mM Ca solution, Geosynth. Int., 27, 34, 10.1680/jgein.19.00054 Lin, 2000, Effect of wet-dry cycling on swelling and hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 126, 40, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:1(40) Mazzieri, 2017, Effect of wet-and-dry ageing in seawater on the swelling properties and hydraulic conductivity of two amended bentonite, Appl. Clay Sci., 142, 40, 10.1016/j.clay.2016.10.031 Malusis, 2013, Chemical compatibility of model soil-bentonite backfill containing multiswellable bentonite, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 139, 189, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000729 McWatters, 2019, Exhumation and performance of a composite barrier system in Antarctica after 4 years exposure, Can. Geotech. J. Meer, 2007, Hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners exhumed from landfill final cover, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 133, 550, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:5(550) Mukunoki, 2019, Investigating the mechanism of downslope bentonite erosion in GCL liners using X-Ray CT, Geotext. Geomembranes, 47, 75, 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2018.10.002 Petrov, 1997, GCL-chemical compatibility by hydraulic conductivity testing and factors impacting its performance, Can. Geotech. J., 34, 863, 10.1139/t97-055 Petrov, 1997, Selected factors influencing GCL hydraulic conductivity, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123, 683, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:8(683) Petrov, 1997, Comparison of laboratory measured GCL hydraulic conductivity based on three permeameter types, Geotech. Test J., 20, 49, 10.1520/GTJ11420J Rowe, 1998, Geosynthetics and the minimization of contaminant migration through barrier systems beneath solid waste, vol. 1, 27 Rowe, 2005, Long-term performance of contaminant barrier systems, 45th Rankine Lecture, Geotechnique, 55, 631, 10.1680/geot.2005.55.9.631 Rowe, 2012, Short and long-term leakage through composite liners, 7th Arthur Casagrande Lecture, Can. Geotech. J., 49, 141, 10.1139/t11-092 Rowe, 2014, Performance of GCLs in liners for landfill and mining applications, Environ. Geotech., 1, 3, 10.1680/envgeo.13.00031 Rowe, 2016 Rowe, 2020, Protecting the environment with geosynthetics - The 53rd Karl Terzaghi Lecture?, ASCE J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 146, 04020081, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002239 Rowe, 2018, Environmental geotechnics: looking back, looking forward (16th Croce Lecture), Ital. Geotech. J., 2018, 8 Rowe, 2020, Geosynthetic clay liners: perceptions and misconceptions, Geotext. Geomembranes, 48, 137, 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2019.11.012 Rowe, 2010, Shrinkage characteristics of heat-tacked GCL seams, Geotext. Geomembranes, 28, 352, 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.11.001 Rowe, 2011, Effect of GCL properties on shrinkage when subjected to Wet-Dry Cycles, ASCE J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 137, 1019, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000522 Rowe, 2011, GCL Hydration under simulated daily thermal cycles, Geosynth. Int., 18, 196, 10.1680/gein.2011.18.4.196 Rowe, 2012, Field monitoring of geomembrane wrinkles at a composite liner test site, Can. Geotech. J., 49, 1196, 10.1139/t2012-083 Rowe, 2012, Wrinkling of a geomembrane on a compacted clay liner on a slope, Geotechnical Engineering, J. South East Asian Geotech. Soc., 43, 11 Rowe, 2017, Insight into hydraulic conductivity testing of GCLs exhumed after 5 and 7 years in a cover, Can. Geotech. J., 54, 1118, 10.1139/cgj-2016-0473 Rowe, 2019, Performance of geosynthetic clay liners after isothermal hydration from silty sand, Geotext. Geomembranes, 47, 740, 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2019.103486 Scalia, 2018, Enhanced bentonites for containment of inorganic waste leachates by GCLs, Geosynth. Int., 25, 392, 10.1680/jgein.18.00024 Shackelford, 2000, Evaluating the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs permeated with non-standard liquids, Geotext. Geomembranes, 18, 133, 10.1016/S0266-1144(99)00024-2 Take, 2015, Thermal exposure conditions for a composite liner with a black geomembrane exposed to solar radiation, Geosynth. Int., 22, 93, 10.1680/gein.14.00034 Take, 2015, Observations of bentonite erosion from solar-driven moisture migration in GCLs covered only by a black geomembrane, Geosynth. Int., 22, 78, 10.1680/gein.14.00033 Thiel, 2005 Thiel, 2006, Laboratory measurements of GCL shrinkage under cyclic changes in temperature and hydration conditions Tian, 2019, Polymer elution and hydraulic conductivity of bentonite–polymer composite geosynthetic clay liners, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 145, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002097 Yu, 2019, Experimental investigation of the effect of airgaps in preventing desiccation of bentonite in geosynthetic clay liners exposed to high temperatures, Geotext. Geomembranes, 47, 142, 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2018.12.002 Yu, 2018, Effect of bentonite mass per unit area on the desiccation of geosynthetic clay liners under high temperature and low overburden pressure Yu, 2020, Effect of added polymer on the desiccation and healing of a geosynthetic clay liner subject to thermal gradients” geotext, Geo