Cropping systems and crop residue management in the Trans-Gangetic Plains: Issues and challenges for conservation agriculture from village surveys

Ambast, 2006, Management of declining groundwater in the trans Indo-Gangetic Plain (India): some options, Agr. Water Manage., 82, 279, 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.06.005 Badarinath, 2006, Agriculture crop residue burning in the Indo-Gangetic Plains – a study using IRS-P6 AWiFS satellite data, Curr. Sci., 91, 1085 Beri, 2003 Bhattacharjee, 2002, Basmati rice: a review, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 37, 1, 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2002.00541.x Bijay-Singh, 2008, Crop residue management for lowland rice-based cropping systems in Asia, Adv. Agron., 98, 117, 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)00203-4 Cannell, 1981, Potentials and problems of simplified cultivation and conservation tillage, Outlook Agr., 10, 379, 10.1177/003072708101000803 CIMMYT, 1993 CTIC, 2010. Conservation Technology Information Centre Website. <http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/> (verified 29.01.10). Dawe, 2003, Do organic amendments improve yield trends and profitability in intensive rice systems?, Field Crop Res., 83, 191, 10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00074-1 Devendra, 2007, Small farm systems to feed hungry Asia, Outlook Agr., 36, 7, 10.5367/000000007780223641 Erenstein, 2003, Smallholder conservation farming in the tropics and sub-tropics: a guide to the development and dissemination of mulching with crop residues and cover crops, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 100, 17, 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00150-6 Erenstein, 2009, Comparing water management in rice–wheat production systems in Haryana, India and Punjab, Pakistan, Agr. Water Manage., 96, 1799, 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.07.018 Erenstein, 2010, Village surveys for technology uptake monitoring: case of tillage dynamics in the Trans-Gangetic Plains, Exp. Agr., 46, 277, 10.1017/S0014479710000049 Erenstein, 2008, Zero tillage impacts in India’s rice–wheat systems: a review, Soil Till. Res., 100, 1, 10.1016/j.still.2008.05.001 Erenstein, 2010, Crop–livestock interactions along agro-ecological gradients: a meso-level analysis in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India, Environ. Develop. Sustain., 12, 669, 10.1007/s10668-009-9218-z Erenstein, 2010, Livelihoods and agro-ecological gradients: a meso-level analysis in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India, Agr. Syst., 104, 42, 10.1016/j.agsy.2010.09.004 Erenstein, 2007 Erenstein, 2007 FAO, 2007. Conservation Agriculture Website. <http://www.fao.org/ag/ca/> (verified 16.04.07). Felton, 1987, Crop residue management, 171 Fujisaka, 1994, Rice–wheat in south Asia: systems and long-term priorities established through diagnostic research, Agr. Syst., 46, 169, 10.1016/0308-521X(94)90096-X Giller, 2009, Conservation agriculture and smallholder farming in Africa: the heretics’ view, Field Crop Res., 114, 23, 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.017 Govaerts, 2005, Stable high yields with zero tillage and permanent bed planting?, Field Crop Res., 94, 33, 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.11.003 Gupta, 2007, Conservation agriculture in South Asia, J. Agr. Sci., 145, 207, 10.1017/S0021859607006910 Gupta, 2004, Residue burning in rice–wheat cropping system: causes and implications, Curr. Sci., 87, 1713 Gustafsson, 2009, Brown clouds over South Asia: biomass or fossil fuel combustion?, Science, 323, 495, 10.1126/science.1164857 Harrington, L.W., Fujisaka, S., Hobbs, P.R., Sharma, H.C., Singh, R.P., Chaudhary, M.K., Dhiman, S.D., 1993. Wheat and rice in Karnal and Kurukshetra Districts, Haryana, India: Farmer’s practices, Problems and an Agenda for Action. Haryana Agricultural University (HAU), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), CIMMYT, IRRI, Mexico, DF. Hatfield, 1994 Hazell, 2009 Hobbs, 2007, Conservation agriculture: what is it and why is it important for future sustainable food production?, J. Agr. Sci., 145, 127, 10.1017/S0021859607006892 Hobbs, 2008, The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B., 363, 543, 10.1098/rstb.2007.2169 Kumar, 2000, Crop residue management: effects on soil quality, soil nitrogen dynamics, crop yield, and nitrogen recovery, Adv. Agron., 68, 197, 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60846-9 Mohanty, 2007, Soil quality effects of tillage and residue under rice–wheat cropping on a Vertisol in India, Soil Till. Res., 92, 243, 10.1016/j.still.2006.03.005 Moldenhauer, 1994, Crop residue management for soil conservation and crop production, 37 Prasad, 1999, Effect of crop residue management in a rice–wheat cropping system on growth and yield of crops and on soil fertility, Exp. Agr., 35, 427, 10.1017/S001447979935403X Rao, 2008 Reddy, 2003, Crop management factors influencing yield and quality of crop residues, Field Crop Res., 84, 57, 10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00141-2 Samra, 2003, Managing crop residues in the rice–wheat system of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, 173 Sharma, S.K., Subba Rao, A.V.M., Murari, K., Sharma, G.C., 2004. Atlas of Rice–Wheat Cropping System in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Bulletin No. 2004-I. PDCSR (ICAR), Modipuram, India. Sidhu, 2004, Punjab: agricultural wages and employment, Econ. Polit. Weekly, 39, 4132 Sidhu, 1998, Sustainability implications of burning rice- and wheat-straw in Punjab, Econ. Polit. Weekly, 33, 163 Teufel, N., Erenstein, O., Samaddar, A., 2008. Impacts of Technological Change on Crop Residue Management and Livestock Feeding in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Paper Presented at Tropentag, October 7–9, 2008, Hohenheim, Germnay. Thakur, 2005, Retrieval of rice–wheat straw after combining – a viable solution for accelerating zero-till technology and promoting further utilization of straw, 165 Timsina, 2001, Productivity and management of rice–wheat cropping systems: issues and challenges, Field Crop Res., 69, 93, 10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00143-X Unger, 1991, Crop residue management and tillage methods for conserving soil and water in semi-arid regions, Soil Till. Res., 20, 219, 10.1016/0167-1987(91)90041-U Verma, 1992, Impact of rice straw management practices on yield, nitrogen uptake and soil properties in a wheat–rice rotation in northern India, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 33, 97 Wall, P.C., 2009. Strategies to Overcome the Competition for Crop Residues in Southern Africa: Some Light at the End of the Tunnel. In: WCCA (Ed.), Proceedings 4th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, February 4–7, 2009, New Delhi, India. WCCA, New Delhi, pp. 65–70. Yadvinder-Singh, 2005, Crop residue management for nutrient cycling and improving soil productivity in rice-based cropping systems in tropics, Adv. Agron., 85, 269, 10.1016/S0065-2113(04)85006-5