A review on the role of predatory soil nematodes in the biological control of plant parasitic nematodes

Ahmad, 1982, Population fluctuations of predatory nematode Parahadronchus shakili (Jairajpuri, 1969) Mulvey, 1978 (Mononchida)., Proc. Symp. Ecol. Anim. Popul. India Pt., 3, 1 Akhtar, 1995, Biological control of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato by the predatory nematode Mononchus aquaticus, Int. Pest Control, 37, 18 Akhtar, 1993, Effect of Mononchus aquaticus and organic amendments on Meloidogyne incognita development on chili, Nematol. Medit., 21, 251 Allen-Morley, 1989, Resilience of soil biota in various food webs to freezing perturbations, Ecology, 70, 1127, 10.2307/1941381 Altherr, 1950, Les nématodes du Parc National suisse. (Nématodes libres du sol)., Ergebn. Wiss. Unters. Schweiz. Nat. Parks. N.S., 3, 1 Andrássy, 1964, Süβwassernematoden aus den Groβen Gebrigsgegenden Ostafrikas, Acta Zool. Acad. Scient. Hung., 10, 1 Arpin, 1976, Étude et discussion sur un milieu de culture pour Mononchidae (Nematoda), Rev. Écol. Biol. Sol., 13, 629 Azmi, 1983, Predatory behaviour of nematodes. Biological control of Helicotylenchus dihystera through the predaceous nematodes, Iotonchus monhystera, Indian J. Nematol., 13, 1 Banage, 1963, The ecological importance of free-living soil nematodes with special reference to those of moorland soil, J. Anim. Ecol., 32, 133, 10.2307/2522 Bilgrami, 1992, Resistance and susceptibility of prey nematodes to predation and strike rate of the predators, Mononchus aquaticus, Dorylaimus stagnalis, and Aquatides thornei, Fund. Appl. Nematol., 15, 265 Bilgrami, 1993, Analysis of relationships between predation by Aporcelaimellus nivalis and different trophic categories, Nematologica, 39, 356, 10.1163/187529293X00303 Bilgrami, 1995, Numerical analysis of the relation between Mesodorylaimus bastiani (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) and different prey trophic categories, Nematol. Medit., 23, 81 Bilgrami, 2005, Feeding behaviour of the predatory nematodes Laimydorus baldus and Discolaimus major (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), Nematology, 7, 11, 10.1163/1568541054192207 Bilgrami, 1988, Attraction of Mononchoides longicaudatus and M. fortidens (Nematoda: Diplogasterida) towards prey and factors influencing attraction, Rev. Nématol., 11, 195 Bilgrami, 1989, Resistance of prey to predation and strike rate of the predators Mononchoides longicaudatus and M. fortidens (Nematoda: Diplogasterida), Rev. Nématol., 12, 45 Bilgrami, 1989, Aggregation of Mononchoides longicaudatus and M. fortidens (Nematoda: Diplogasterida) at feeding sites, Nematologica, 34, 119, 10.1163/002825988X00134 Bilgrami, 1989, Predatory abilities of Mononchoides longicaudatus and M. fortidens (Nematoda: Diplogasterida) and factors influencing predation, Nematologica, 35, 475, 10.1163/002825989X00223 Bilgrami, 1990, Diplogasterid predators, 135 Bilgrami, 1994, Evaluation of predation abilities of Mylonchulus dentatus, Indian J. Nematol., 23, 191 Bilgrami, 2000, Prey searching and attraction behaviours of Mesodorylaimus bastiani and Aquatides thornei (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), Int. J. Nematol., 10, 199 Bilgrami, 1985, Predatory behaviour of Aquatides thornei (Nygolaimina: Nematoda), Nematologica, 30, 457, 10.1163/187529284X00356 Bilgrami, 1986, A study on the intestinal contents of some mononchs, Rev. Nématol., 17, 339 Bilgrami, 2000, Feeding, attraction and aggregation behaviour of Mesodorylaimus bastiani and Aquatides thornei at feeding site using Hirschmaniella oryzae as prey, Int. J. Nematol., 10, 207 Bilgrami, 2005, Prey preference and feeding behaviour of diplogastrid predator Mononchoides gaugleri (Nematoda: Diplogasterida), Nematology, 7, 333, 10.1163/156854105774355563 Bongers, 1999, Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring, Trends Ecol. Evol., 14, 224, 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01583-3 Boosalis, 1965, Parasitism and predation of soil microorganisms, 374 Bouwman, 1994, The ecology of bacteriovorous protozoans and nematodes in arable soil., Agric, Ecosyst. Environ., 51, 145, 10.1016/0167-8809(94)90040-X Carvalho, 1951, Una nova espécie de Mononchus (M. ibitiensis n. sp.), Bragantia, 11, 51, 10.1590/S0006-87051951000100007 Cassidy, 1931, Some mononchs of Hawaii, Hawaiian Planters’ Rec., 35, 305 Chitambar, 1989, Predaceous behaviour and life history of Odontopharynx longicaudata (Diplogasterida), J. Nematol., 21, 284 Chitwood, 2003, Research on plant-parasitic nematode biology conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Pest Manage. Sci., 59, 748, 10.1002/ps.684 Choudhari, 2000, Biocontrol potential of Mylonchulus minor against some plant parasitic nematodes, Ann. Plant Prot. Sci., 8, 53 Christie, 1960, Biological control-predaceous nematodes, 466 Cobb, 1917, The mononchs (Mononchus Bastian, 1865): a genus of free-living predatory nematodes, Soil Sci., 3, 431, 10.1097/00010694-191705000-00004 Cobb, 1920, Transfer of nematodes (mononchs) from place to place for economic purposes, Science, 51, 640, 10.1126/science.51.1330.640 Cohn, 1973, Biological control of citrus nematode., Phytoparasitica, 1 Cohn, 1974, Experiments in suppressing citrus nematode populations by use of marigold and a predacious nematode, Nematol. Medit., 2, 43 Coomans, 1965, Description of Anatonchus amiciae n. sp. (Nematoda: Mononchidae) with observations on its juvenile stages and anatomy, Nematologica, 11, 413, 10.1163/187529265X00348 Doncaster, 1962, Predators of soil nematodes (film), Parasitology, 52, 19 Doucet, 1980, Description d’une nouvelle espéce de genre Mylonchulus (Nematoda: Mononchida), Nematol. Medit., 8, 37 Esser, 1963, Nematode interactions in plates of no sterile water agar, Proc. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Florida, 23, 121 Esser, R.P., 1987. Biological control of nematodes by nematodes. I. Dorylaims (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Nematology circular No. 144, Fla Dep. Agric. and Consumer Serv., 4 pp. Esser, 1964, Natural enemies of nematodes, Proc. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Florida, 24, 326 Fauzia, 1998, Biocontrol potential of Mononchoides longicaudatus on Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants, Int. J. Nematol., 8, 89 Ferris, 1968, Biometric analysis in the genus Labronema (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with a description of L. thornei n. sp., Nematologica, 14, 276, 10.1163/187529268X00480 Ferris, 1996, Dynamics of nematode communities in tomatoes grown in conventional and organic farming systems, and their impact on soil fertility, Appl. Soil Ecol., 18, 13, 10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00152-4 Grootaert, 1976, Cultivation and life cycle of Mononchus aquaticus, Nematologica, 22, 173, 10.1163/187529276X00265 Grootaert, 1982, Aspects of biology of Labronema vulvapapillatum (Meyl) (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) in laboratory culture, Biol. Jb. Dodonaea, 50, 135 Grootaert, 1979, Ultrastructure and function of anterior region feeding apparatus in Mononchus aquaticus, Nematologica, 25, 163, 10.1163/187529279X00181 Grootaert, 1977, Prey selection in Butlerius sp. (Rhabditida: Diplogasteridae), Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv. Gent., 42, 1559 Hechler, 1963, Description, developmental biology, and feeding habits of Seinura tenuicaudata (De Man), J.B. Goodey, 1960 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), a nematode predator, Proc. Helminth. Soc. Wash., 30, 183 Hechler, 1966, The life histories of Seinura celeris, S. olivierae, S. oxura and S. steineri (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), Proc. Helminth. Soc. Wash., 33, 71 Hom, 1996, Microbial pesticides, IPM and the consumer, IMP Practioner, 18, 1 Hunt, 1978, Stomachoglossa bryophilum n sp. (Brittonematidae), Westindicus rapax n.sp. (Paractinolaimidae), Caribinema siddiqi n. sp. and C. longidens Thorne, 1967 (Charcharolaimidae) from St. Lucia, Nematologica, 24, 175, 10.1163/187529278X00380 Jairajpuri, 1978, Some studies on the predatory behaviour of Mylonchulus dentatus, Nematol. Medit., 6, 205 Jones, 1974, Control of nematode pest, background and outlook for biological control. Khan, 1997, Predatory behavior of Paractinolaimus elongatus on plant parasitic nematodes, Int. J. Nematol., 8, 178 Khan, 2005, The predatory nematode, Mononchoides fortidens (Nematoda: Diplogasterida), suppresses the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, in potted field soil, Biol. Control, 35, 78, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.05.015 Khan, 1991, Some observations on the predation ability of Aporcelaimellus nivalis (Altherr, 1952) Heyns 1966 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), Nematologica, 37, 333, 10.1163/187529291X00330 Khan, 1994, Attraction and food preference behaviour of predatory nematodes, Allodorylaimus americanus and Discolaimus silvicolus (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), Indian J. Nematol., 24, 168 Khan, 1995, A comparative study on predation by Allodorylaimus americanus and Discolaimus silvicolus (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) on different species of plant parasitic nematodes, Indian J. Nematol., 25, 94 Khan, 1995, Observations on the predation abilities of Neoactinolaimus agilis (Dorylaimida: Actinolaimoidea), Indian J. Nematol., 25, 129 Kulshreshtha, 1993, Predation abilities of Mylonchulus minor and factors influencing predation, Ann. Plant Prot. Sci., 1, 79 Lal, 1983, Changes in the nematode populations of undisturbed land with the introduction of land development practices and cropping sequences, Indian J. Nematol., 13, 133 Linford, 1937, The feeding of some hollow-stylet nematodes, Proc. Helminth. Soc. Wash., 4, 41 Linford, 1937, The feeding of hollow-spear nematodes on other nematodes, Science, 85, 295, 10.1126/science.85.2203.295 Linford, 1938, Potential agents of biological control of plant parasitic nematodes, Phytopathology, 28, 14 Loof, 1964, Free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes from Venezuela, Nematologica, 10, 2001, 10.1163/187529264X00042 Maertens, 1975, Observations on life cycle of Prionchulus punctatus (Cobb, 1917) and culture conditions., Biol. Jb. Dodonaea, 43, 197 Mankau, 1980, Biological control of nematode pests by natural enemies, Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 18, 415, 10.1146/annurev.py.18.090180.002215 McSorley, 1999, Nematode populations during decomposition of specific organic amendment, J. Nematol., 31, 37 McSorley, 1996, Effect of yard waste compost on nematode densities and maize yield, J. Nematol., 28, 655 Menzel, 1920, Über die Nahrung der freilebenden Nematoden und die Art ihrer Aufnahme. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ernährung der Würmer., Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 31, 153 Mohandas, 1980, The feeding behaviour and food preference of predatory nematodes (Mononchids) from soil of Kerala (India), Rev. Écol. Biol. Sol, 17, 53 Mulvey, 1961, The Mononchidae: a family of predaceous nematodes. I. Genus Mylonchulus (Enoplida: Mononchidae), Can. J. Zool., 39, 665, 10.1139/z61-070 Nelmes, 1974, Evaluation of feeding behaviour of Prionchulus punctatus (Cobb) a nematode predator, J. Anim. Ecol., 43, 553, 10.2307/3383 Nico, 2004, Control of root-knot nematodes by agro-industrial wastes in potting mixtures, Crop Prot., 23, 581, 10.1016/j.cropro.2003.11.005 Osman, 1988, Studies on the potential use of the predator Diplogaster sp. (Nematoda, Diplogasteridae) on certain root-parasitic nematodes., Anz. Schadl. Pflanzen. Umwelt., 61, 70, 10.1007/BF02039123 Rama, 1998, Biocontrol of nematodes associated with mandarin orange decline by the promotion of predatory nematode Iotonchus tenuicaudatus (Kreis, 1924), Indian J. Nematol., 28, 118 Ritter, 1975, Review of the use of nematodes in biological control programs against parasites and pests of cultivated plants., Bull. Des. Resch. Agrono. Des. Gem. San. D’Elude Agric. Hijej. Des plants, 331 Russell, 1986, The feeding habits of a species of Mesodorylaimus, J. Nematol., 18 Salinas, 2005, In vitro culturing of the predatory soil nematode Clarkus papillatus, Nematology, 7, 7, 10.1163/1568541054192162 Shafqat, 1987, Evaluation of the predatory behaviour of Dorylaimus stagnalis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)., Rev. Nématol., 10, 455 Siddiqi, 2004, Description and biology of Mononchoides gaugleri sp.n. (Nematoda: Diplogasterida) from New Jersey, USA., Int. J. Nematol., 14, 129 Small, R.W., 1977. The culture and ecology of predatory nematode populations, especially of Prionchulus punctatus. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 451 pp. Small, 1979, The effects of predatory nematodes on populations of plant parasitic nematodes in pots, Nematologica, 25, 94, 10.1163/187529279X00424 Small, 1981, Experiments on the population growth of the predatory nematode Prionchulus punctatus in laboratory culture with observations on life history, Rev. Nématol., 4, 261 Small, 1983, Observations on the predation abilities of some soil-dwelling predatory nematodes, Nematologica, 29, 109, 10.1163/187529283X00230 Steiner, 1922, The possibility of control of Heterodera radicicola and other plant injurious nematodes by means of predatory nemas, especially Mononchus aquaticus, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 12, 367 Stirling, 1991 Szczygiel, 1966, Studies on the fauna and population dynamics of nematodes occurring on strawberry plantation, Ekol. Pol., 14, 651 Szczygiel, 1971, Wystepowanie drapieznych nicieni z rodziny Mononchidae w glebach uprawnych w Polsce, Zesze. Probl. Postep. Nauk. Roln., 121, 145 Tahseen, 1990, The life cycle of Mononchoides fortidens with emphasis on gonad development, Nematologica, 36, 440, 10.1163/002925990X00400 Thorne, 1924, Utah nematodes of the genus Mononchus, Trans. Am. Microscop. Soc., 43, 157, 10.2307/3221665 Thorne, 1927, The life history, habits and economic importance of some mononchs, J. Agric. Res., 34, 265 Thorne, 1928, Nematodes inhabiting the cysts of the sugar beet nematode (Heterodera schachtii) (Schmidt), J. Agric. Res., 37, 571 Thorne, 1930, Predaceous nemas of the genus Nygolaimus and a new genus, Sectonema, J. Agric. Res., 41, 445 Thorne, 1932, Specimens of Mononchus acutus (=Iotonchus acutus) found to contain Trichodorus obtusus, Tylenchus robustus and Xiphinema americanum, J. Parasitol., 19, 90 Thorne, 1936, A monograph of the nematode genera Dorylaimus, Aporcelaimus, Dorylaimoides and Pungentus, Capita Zool., 6, 1 Webster, 1972, Nematodes and biocontrol., 469 Wood, 1973, Nematode feeding relationships. Relationships of soil dwelling nematodes, Soil Biol. Biochem., 5, 593, 10.1016/0038-0717(73)90049-7 Wood, 1974, Biology of Seinura demani (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), Nematologica, 20, 347, 10.1163/187529274X00384 Wyss, 1977, Feeding mechanisms in Labronema sp., Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijskuniv. Gent., 42, 1521 Yeates, 1969, Predation by Mononchoides potohikus (Nematoda: Diplogasteridae) in laboratory culture, Nematologica, 15, 1, 10.1163/187529269X00029 Yeates, 1987, Nematode feeding and activity: the importance of developmental stages, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 3, 143, 10.1007/BF00260596 Yeates, 1987, Significance of developmental stages in the coexistence of three species of Mononchoidea (Nematoda) in pasture soil, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 5, 225, 10.1007/BF00256905 Yeates, 1996, Nematodes as predators and prey: relationships to biological control and soil processes, Pedobiologia, 40, 43 Yeates, 1993, Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera-An outline for soil ecologists, J. Nematol., 25, 101 Zuckerman, 1994, Biological control of plant nematodes current status and hypothesis, Jpn. J. Nematol., 24, 1, 10.3725/jjn1993.24.1_1